1

Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders   Mildred Lam

1

1-A

Acid-Base Nomogram

1

1-B

Metabolic Acidosis

2

1-C

Respiratory Acidosis

2

1-D

Anion Gap

4

1-E

Lactic Acidosis

5

1-F

Metabolic Alkalosis

5

1-G

Respiratory Alkalosis

7

1-H

Hypernatremia

7

1-I

Hyponatremia

9

1-J

Hyperkalemia

11

1-K

Hypokalemia

12

1-L

Hypercalcemia

14

1-M

Hypocalcemia

15

1-N

Hyperphosphatemia

16

1-O

Hypophosphatemia

17

1-P

Hypermagnesemia

18

1-Q

Hypomagnesemia

18

2

Cardiovascular System   Stephen N. Adler

21

2-A

Chest Pain

21

2-B

Edema

23

2-C

Palpitation

25

2-D

Hypertension

26

2-E

Heart Murmurs

28

2-F

Congestive Heart Failure

30

2-G

Cardiomyopathy

31

2-H

Pericarditis

34

2-I

Pericardial Effusion

36

2-J

Hypotension and Shock

37

2-K

Cardiac Arrest (Sudden Cardiopulmonary Collapse)

40

2-L

Complications of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

42

2-M

Valvular Disease

43

2-N

Arrhythmias

49

2-O

Electrocardiographic Abnormalities

54

3

Endocrine/Metabolic System   Thomas A. Murphy

59

3-A

Hypothermia

59

3-B

Weight Gain

61

3-C

Weight Loss

62

3-D

Thyrotoxicosis

65

3-E

Hypothyroidism

66

3-F

Serum Thyroxine

68

3-G

Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

71

3-H

Radioactive Iodine Uptake

72

3-I

Goiter/Neck Mass

74

3-J

Solitary Thyroid Nodule

76

3-K

Hypercortisolism

77

3-L

Adrenal Insufficiency

79

3-M

Adrenal Masses/Hyperplasia

81

3-N

Erectile Dysfunction

83

3-O

Male Hypogonadism

86

3-P

Gynecomastia

88

3-Q

Amenorrhea

91

3-R

Galactorrhea/Nipple Discharge

93

3-S

Hyperprolactinemia

93

3-T

Pituitary/Hypothalamic Insufficiency

96

3-U

Diabetes Insipidus

99

3-V

Hyperlipidemia

101

3-W

Hypoglycemia

105

3-X

Hyperglycemia

110

4

Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Systems   Wendell K. Clarkston, Patricia Sanchez, and Bruce R. Bacon

115

4-A

Nausea and Vomiting

115

4-B

Dysphagia, Odynophagia

119

4-C

Abdominal Pain

123

4-D

Characteristic Location of Abdominal Pain Associated with Various Diseases

127

4-E

Constipation

129

4-F

Diarrhea

132

4-G

Maldigestion and Malabsorption Syndromes

137

4-H

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

140

4-I

Abdominal Distention

145

4-J

Peritonitis

148

4-K

Pancreatitis

151

4-L

Hyperamylasemia Not Associated with Pancreatitis

154

4-M

Hepatomegaly

156

4-N

Jaundice

159

4-O

Hepatitis, Abnormal “Liver Function Tests”

161

4-P

Cirrhosis, Chronic Liver Disease

166

4-Q

Ascites

168

5

Genitourinary System   Mildred Lam

171

5-A

Hematuria

171

5-B

Polyuria

173

5-C

Proteinuria

174

5-D

Glomerulopathy

176

5-E

Interstitial Nephropathy

178

5-F

Renal Tubular Acidosis

180

5-G

Urinary Tract Obstruction

182

5-H

Nephrolithiasis

184

5-I

Acute Renal Failure

185

5-J

Renal Failure, Reversible Factors

188

5-K

Urinary Diagnostic Indices

188

5-L

Chronic Kidney Disease

189

5-M

Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

189

5-N

Indications for Dialysis

190

5-O

Erectile Dysfunction

190

5-P

Menorrhagia and Nonmenstrual Vaginal Bleeding

192

6

Hematologic System   Kyung-Whan Min

195

6-A

Anemia: Hypoproliferative (Low Reticulocyte Count)

195

6-B

Anemia: Hyperproliferative (Increased Reticulocyte Count)

199

6-C

Polycythemia

201

6-D

Granulocytopenia

202

6-E

Granulocytosis

204

6-F

Lymphocytosis

206

6-G

Lymphocytopenia

206

6-H

Monocytosis

207

6-I

Eosinophilia

208

6-J

Thrombocytopenia

210

6-K

Thrombocytosis

214

6-L

Pancytopenia

215

6-M

Lymphadenopathy

216

6-N

Splenomegaly

218

6-O

Disorders of Hemostasis

219

6-P

Hypercoagulable States

221

6-Q

Disorders of Immunoglobulin Synthesis

222

7

Infectious Disease   Debra Adler-Klein

225

7-A

Fever of Unknown Origin in the United States

225

7-B

Most Common Organisms Causing Specific Infections

230

7-C

Infections in the Immunocompromised Host

243

7-D

Antimicrobial Drugs of Choice

247

7-E

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery

259

7-F

Noninfectious Causes of Pulmonary Infiltrates (Pseudopneumonia)

262

7-G

Differential Diagnosis of Noninfectious Causes of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis

263

7-H

Potential Biologic Warfare Agents/Presentation/Differential Diagnosis

263

8

Integument   Dianne B. Gasbarra

271

8-A

Alopecia

271

8-B

Erythema Multiforme

273

8-C

Erythema Nodosum

274

8-D

Hirsutism and Generalized Hypeitrichosis

275

8-E

Maculopapular Eruption, Generalized

276

8-F

Petechiae and Purpura

277

8-G

Pruritus

279

8-H

Pustules, Generalized

280

8-I

Telangiectasia

280

8-J

Urticaria

281

8-K

Vesicles and Bullae, Generalized

282

8-L

Hypopigmentation

283

8-M

Nail Pigmentation

284

9

Musculoskeletal System   Dianne B. Gasbarra

287

9-A

Shoulder Pain

287

9-B

Back Pain

288

9-C

Myalgias

290

9-D

Muscle Weakness

290

9-E

Polyarticular Arthritis

292

9-F

Monoarticular (Oligoarticular) Arthritis

294

9-G

Characteristics of Synovial Fluid

296

9-H

Clubbing

298

9-I

Raynaud Phenomenon

299

9-J

Osteomalacia

300

9-K

Osteoporosis

301

9-L

Antibodies to Nuclear or Cytoplasmic Antigens

302

9-M

Positive Rheumatoid Factor

303

9-N

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Criteria

304

10

Nervous System   Stephen N. Adler

307

10-A

Dizziness and Vertigo

307

10-B

Headache and Facial Pain

309

10-C

Paresthesias

312

10-D

Syncope

312

10-E

Deafness

314

10-F

Ataxia

316

10-G

Acute Confusional State or Coma, or Both

317

10-H

Dementia

320

10-I

Tremor

322

10-J

Choreoathetosis

323

10-K

Seizures (Exclude Syncope)

324

10-L

Cerebrovascular Disease

328

10-M

Weakness, Paresis, and Paralysis

330

10-N

Peripheral Neuropathy

332

10-O

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

336

10-P

Typical Cerebrospinal Fluid Characteristics in Various Diseases

338

10-Q

Dermatome Chart

342

11

Respiratory System   Dianne B. Gasbarra

345

11-A

Cough

345

11-B

Dyspnea

347

11-C

Wheezing

349

11-D

Hemoptysis

350

11-E

Cyanosis

352

11-F

Pleuritic Pain

353

11-G

Pleural Effusion: Exudate

354

11-H

Pleural Effusion: Transudate

356

11-I

Pleural Effusion: Exudate versus Transudate

357

11-J

Empyema

357

11-K

Pneumothorax

358

11-L

Pulmonary Edema

359

11-M

Respiratory Failure

361

11-N

Interstitial Lung Disease

363

11-O

Pulmonary Hypertension

365

11-P

Mediastinal Masses by Predominant Compartment

368

11-Q

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

369

11-R

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Distinguishing Benign from Malignant Lesions

370

11-S

Elevated Hemidiaphragm

371

11-T

Factors Associated with an Increased Risk of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

372

12

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection   Debra Adler-Klein

375

12-A

Infection and Fever

375

12-B

Primary HIV Infection: Signs and Symptoms

378

12-C

Differential Diagnosis of Primary HTV Infection

379

12-D

Ocular Complications

379

12-E

Hematologic Complications

380

12-F

Malignant Complications

382

12-G

Gastrointestinal Complications

383

12-H

Central Nervous System Manifestations

387

12-I

Pulmonary Complications

390

12-J

Dermatologic Manifestations

392

12-K

Immune Reconstitution Syndrome

395