Table of Contents
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Contributors |
vii |
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|
Table of Antidotes
in Brief |
xvii |
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Contents |
xix |
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Preface |
xxiii |
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Acknowledgments |
xxiv |
|
1 |
Historical
Principles and Perspectives |
1 |
|
A1 |
Antiquated Antidotes |
8 |
|
2 |
Toxicologic Plagues
and Disasters in History |
11 |
PART A
|
THE GENERAL APPROACH TO MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY
|
17
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|
3 |
Initial Evaluation
of the Patient: Vital Signs and Toxic Syndromes |
19 |
|
4 |
Principles of Managing
the Poisoned or Overdosed Patient |
24 |
|
5 |
Electrocardiographic
Principles |
29 |
|
6 |
Diagnostic Imaging |
41 |
|
7 |
Laboratory Principles |
49 |
|
8 |
Techniques Used to
Prevent Gastrointestinal Absorption |
58 |
|
A2 |
Syrup of Ipecac |
65 |
|
A3 |
Activated Charcoal |
68 |
|
A4 |
Whole-Bowel
Irrigation arid Other Intestinal Evacuants |
71 |
|
9 |
Pharmacokinetic and
Toxicokinetic Principles |
73 |
|
10 |
Principles and
Techniques Applied to Enhance Elimination |
80 |
|
11 |
Use of the Intensive
Care Unit |
87 |
PART B
|
THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY
|
91
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SECTION I
|
BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR BASIS
|
93
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|
12 |
Chemical Principles |
93 |
|
13 |
Biochemical and
Metabolic Principles |
106 |
|
14 |
Neurotransmitters and
Neuromodulators |
114 |
|
15 |
Withdrawal Principles |
132 |
SECTION II
|
PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS: ORGAN SYSTEMS
|
139
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|
16 |
Thermoregulatory
Principles |
139 |
|
17 |
Fluid, Electrolyte,
and Acid–Base Principles |
151 |
|
18 |
Psychiatric
Principles |
165 |
|
19 |
Neurologic Principles |
171 |
|
20 |
Ophthalmic Principles |
177 |
|
21 |
Otolaryngologic
Principles |
186 |
|
22 |
Respiratory
Principles |
191 |
|
23 |
Cardiovascular
Principles |
198 |
|
24 |
Hematologic
Principles |
210 |
|
25 |
Gastrointestinal
Principles |
220 |
|
26 |
Hepatic Principles |
228 |
|
27 |
Renal Principles |
237 |
|
28 |
Genitourinary
Principles |
245 |
|
29 |
Dermatologic
Principles |
254 |
SECTION III
|
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
|
263
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|
30 |
Reproductive and
Perinatal Principles |
263 |
|
31 |
Pediatric Principles |
270 |
|
32 |
Geriatric Principles |
276 |
|
33 |
Postmortem Toxicology |
281 |
|
SC-1 |
Special
Considerations: Organ Procurement from Poisoned Patients |
286 |
PART C
|
THE CLINICAL BASIS OF MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY
|
291
|
SECTION I
|
CASE STUDIES
|
291
|
|
A |
Analgesics and
Antiinflammatory Medications |
291 |
|
34 |
Acetaminophen |
291 |
|
A5 |
N-Acetylcysteine |
301 |
|
35 |
Salicylates |
305 |
|
A6 |
Sodium Bicarbonate |
310 |
|
36 |
Nonsteroidal
Antiinflammatory Drugs |
315 |
|
37 |
Colchicine and
Podophyllin |
319 |
|
38 |
Opioids |
324 |
|
A7 |
Opioid Antagonists |
333 |
|
B |
Foods, Dietary and
Nutritional Agents |
336 |
|
39 |
Dieting Agents and
Regimens |
336 |
|
40 |
Iron |
342 |
|
A8 |
Deferoxamine |
348 |
|
41 |
Vitamins |
351 |
|
42 |
Essential Oils |
360 |
|
43 |
Herbal Preparations |
365 |
|
44 |
Athletic Performance
Enhancers |
379 |
|
45 |
Food Poisoning |
386 |
|
46 |
Botulism |
394 |
|
A9 |
Botulinum Antitoxin |
400 |
|
C |
Pharmaceuticals |
403 |
|
47 |
Anticonvulsants |
403 |
|
A10 |
L-Carnitine |
411 |
|
48 |
Antidiabetics and
Hypoglycemics |
414 |
|
A11 |
Dextrose |
423 |
|
A12 |
Octreotide |
426 |
|
49 |
Thyroid and
Antithyroid Medications |
428 |
|
50 |
Antihistamines and
Decongestants |
434 |
|
A13 |
Physostigmine
Salicylate |
439 |
|
51 |
Antimigraine
Medications |
441 |
|
52 |
Antineoplastics |
448 |
|
A14 |
Leucovorin (Folinic
Acid) and Folic Acid |
458 |
|
53 |
Pharmaceutical
Additives |
460 |
|
D |
Antimicrobials |
467 |
|
54 |
Antibiotics,
Antifungals, and Antivirals |
467 |
|
55 |
Antituberculous
Medications |
477 |
|
A15 |
Pyridoxine |
483 |
|
56 |
Antimalarials |
485 |
|
E |
Cardiopulmonary
Medications |
494 |
|
57 |
Anticoagulants |
494 |
|
A16 |
Vitamin K1 |
506 |
|
A17 |
Protamine |
509 |
|
58 |
Calcium Channel
Blockers |
512 |
|
59 |
β-Adrenergic
Antagonists |
518 |
|
A18 |
Glucagon |
527 |
|
60 |
Other
Antihypertensives |
530 |
|
61 |
Antidysrhythmics |
537 |
|
62 |
Cardioactive Steroids |
544 |
|
A19 |
Digoxin-Specific
Antibody Fragments (Fab) |
550 |
|
63 |
Methylxanthines and
Selective β2-Adrenergic Agonists |
553 |
|
F |
Anesthetics and
Related Medications |
560 |
|
64 |
Local Anesthetics |
560 |
|
65 |
Inhalational
Anesthetics |
566 |
|
66 |
Neuromuscular
Blockers |
571 |
|
A20 |
Dantrolene Sodium |
581 |
|
G |
Psychotropic
Medications |
583 |
|
67 |
Antipsychotics |
583 |
|
68 |
Lithium |
591 |
|
69 |
Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors |
595 |
|
70 |
Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitors and Atypical Antidepressants |
599 |
|
71 |
Cyclic
Antidepressants |
608 |
|
72 |
Sedative-Hypnotics |
615 |
|
A21 |
Flumazenil |
623 |
|
H |
Substances of Abuse |
627 |
|
73 |
Amphetamines |
627 |
|
74 |
Cocaine |
633 |
|
75 |
Ethanol |
641 |
|
A22 |
Thiamine
Hydrochloride |
647 |
|
76 |
Ethanol Withdrawal |
650 |
|
77 |
Disulfiram and
Disulfiramlike Reactions |
655 |
|
78 |
γ-Hydroxybutyric
Acid |
659 |
|
79 |
Inhalants |
665 |
|
80 |
Hallucinogens |
671 |
|
81 |
Cannabinoids |
675 |
|
82 |
Nicotine and Tobacco
Preparations |
679 |
|
83 |
Phencyclidine and
Ketamine |
684 |
|
I |
Metals |
689 |
|
84 |
Antimony |
689 |
|
85 |
Arsenic |
693 |
|
A23 |
Dimercaprol (British
Anti-Lewisite or BAL) |
698 |
|
86 |
Bismuth |
701 |
|
87 |
Cadmium |
704 |
|
88 |
Chromium |
708 |
|
89 |
Cobalt |
712 |
|
90 |
Copper |
717 |
|
91 |
Lead |
722 |
|
A24 |
Succimer
(2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid) |
733 |
|
A25 |
Edetate Calcium
Disodium (CaNa2EDTA) |
736 |
|
92 |
Mercury |
739 |
|
93 |
Nickel |
746 |
|
94 |
Selenium |
751 |
|
95 |
Silver |
756 |
|
96 |
Thallium |
758 |
|
A26 |
Prussian Blue |
763 |
|
97 |
Zinc |
765 |
|
J |
Household Products |
769 |
|
98 |
Antiseptics, Disinfectants,
and Sterilants |
769 |
|
99 |
Camphor and Moth
Repellents |
777 |
|
100 |
Caustics |
781 |
|
101 |
Hydrofluoric Acid
and Fluorides |
787 |
|
A27 |
Calcium |
791 |
|
102 |
Hvdrocarbons |
794 |
|
103 |
Toxic Alcohols |
804 |
|
A28 |
Fomepizole |
810 |
|
A29 |
Ethanol |
813 |
|
K |
Pesticides |
817 |
|
104 |
Pesticides: An
Overview with a Focus on Principles and Rodenticides |
817 |
|
105 |
Barium |
825 |
|
106 |
Sodium
Monofluoroacetate and Fluoroacetamide |
828 |
|
107 |
Phosphorus |
830 |
|
108 |
Strychnine |
834 |
|
109 |
Insecticides:
Organic Phosphorus Compounds and Carbamates |
837 |
|
A30 |
Pralidoxime |
843 |
|
A31 |
Atropine |
846 |
|
110 |
Insecticides:
Organic Chlorines, Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids, and DEET |
848 |
|
111 |
Herbicides |
856 |
|
112 |
Methyl Bromide and
Other Fumigants |
866 |
|
L |
Natural Toxins and
Envenomations |
873 |
|
113 |
Mushrooms |
873 |
|
114 |
Plants |
881 |
|
115 |
Arthropods |
901 |
|
A32 |
Antivenom (Scorpion
and Spider) |
912 |
|
116 |
Marine Envenomations |
914 |
|
117 |
Snakes and Other
Reptiles |
923 |
|
A33 |
Antivenom (Croraline
and Elapid) |
932 |
|
M |
Occupational and
Environmental Toxins |
937 |
|
118 |
Industrial
Poisoning: Information and Control |
937 |
|
119 |
Simple Asphyxiants
and Pulmonary Irritants |
944 |
|
120 |
Carbon Monoxide |
954 |
|
A34 |
Hyperbaric Oxygen |
960 |
|
121 |
Cvanide and Hydrogen
Sulfide |
964 |
|
A35 |
Sodium and Amyl
Nitrites |
970 |
|
A36 |
Sodium Thiosulfate |
972 |
|
A37 |
Hydroxocobalamin |
975 |
|
122 |
Methemoglobin
Inducers |
977 |
|
A38 |
Methylene Blue |
986 |
|
123 |
Smoke Inhalation |
988 |
|
N |
Disaster Preparedness |
995 |
|
124 |
Risk Assessment and
Risk Communication |
995 |
|
125 |
Hazmat Incident
Response |
1000 |
|
126 |
Chemical Weapons |
1007 |
|
127 |
Biological Weapons |
1015 |
|
128 |
Radiation |
1021 |
SECTION II
|
|
1035
|
|
129 |
Poison Prevention
and Education |
1035 |
|
130 |
|
1038 |
|
131 |
International
Perspectives in Medical Toxicology |
1043 |
|
132 |
Principles of
Epidemiology and Research Design |
1047 |
|
133 |
Adverse Drug Events
and Postmarketing Surveillance |
1052 |
|
134 |
Medications, Errors,
and Patient Safety |
1057 |
|
135 |
Risk Management and
Legal Principles |
1063 |
|
|
Index |
1067 |
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