Table
of Contents
|
|
|
|
|
PART ONE |
GENERAL PRINCIPLES |
1 |
|
Chapter 1 |
Information, Sources, and Regulatory Agencies |
2 |
|
|
History |
2 |
|
|
Pharmacology and the Oral Health Care Providers |
3 |
|
|
Sources of Information |
4 |
|
|
Explain-Discuss Format |
4 |
|
|
Reference-List Format |
5 |
|
|
Types of Media |
5 |
|
|
Drug Names |
7 |
|
|
Drug Substitution |
10 |
|
|
Top 200 Drugs |
10 |
|
|
Federal Regulatory Agencies |
10 |
|
|
Harrison Narcotic Act |
10 |
|
|
Food and Drug Administration |
11 |
|
|
Federal Trade Commission |
11 |
|
|
Drug Enforcement Administration |
11 |
|
|
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act |
11 |
|
Chapter 2 |
Drug Action and Handling |
12 |
|
|
Characterization of Drug Action |
13 |
|
|
Log Dose Effect Curve |
13 |
|
|
Potency |
13 |
|
|
Efficacy |
14 |
|
|
Chemical Signaling Between Cells |
15 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action of Drugs |
15 |
|
|
Nerve Transmission |
16 |
|
|
Receptors |
17 |
|
|
Stereoisomerism |
21 |
|
|
Routes of Administration and Dose Forms |
21 |
|
|
Routes of Administration |
21 |
|
|
Dose Forms |
26 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
26 |
|
|
Passage Across Body Membranes |
26 |
|
|
Absorption |
29 |
|
|
Distribution |
30 |
|
|
Half-Life |
31 |
|
|
Blood-Brain Barrier |
32 |
|
|
Redistribution |
33 |
|
|
Metabolism (Biotransformation) |
33 |
|
|
Factors that Alter Drug Effects |
38 |
|
|
Calculation of Children's Dose |
39 |
|
Chapter 3 |
Adverse Reactions |
41 |
|
|
Definitions and Classifications |
41 |
|
|
Clinical Manifestations of Adverse Reactions |
42 |
|
|
Exaggerated Effect on Target Tissues |
43 |
|
|
Effect on Nontarget
Tissues |
43 |
|
|
Effect on Fetal Development (Teratogenic
Effect) |
43 |
|
|
Local Effect |
44 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
44 |
|
|
Hypersensitivity (Allergic Reaction) |
44 |
|
|
Idiosyncrasy |
45 |
|
|
Interference with Natural Defense Mechanisms |
46 |
|
|
Toxicologic Evaluation of Drugs |
46 |
|
Chapter 4 |
Prescription Writing |
49 |
|
|
Measurement |
49 |
|
|
Metric System |
49 |
|
|
Household Measures |
50 |
|
|
Prescriptions |
51 |
|
|
Format |
51 |
|
|
Explanations Accompanying Prescriptions |
54 |
|
|
Drug Legislation |
54 |
|
|
Scheduled Drugs |
55 |
|
PART TWO |
DRUGS USED IN DENTISTRY |
57 |
|
Chapter 5 |
Autonomic Drugs |
58 |
|
|
Autonomic Nervous System |
58 |
|
|
Anatomy |
58 |
|
|
Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System |
59 |
|
|
Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System |
59 |
|
|
Functional Organization |
60 |
|
|
Neurotransmitters |
60 |
|
|
Drug Groups |
63 |
|
|
Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System |
64 |
|
|
Cholinergic (Parasympathomimetic)
Agents |
66 |
|
|
Anticholinergic (Parasympatholytic)
Agents |
68 |
|
|
Nicotinic Agonists and Antagonists |
71 |
|
|
Sympathetic Nervous System |
71 |
|
|
Sympathetic Nervous System Receptors |
72 |
|
|
Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic)
Agents |
73 |
|
|
Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
77 |
|
|
Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs |
79 |
|
Chapter 6 |
Nonopioid (Nonnarcotic) Analgesics |
81 |
|
|
Pain |
81 |
|
|
Classification |
82 |
|
|
Salicylates |
83 |
|
|
Acetylsalicylic Acid |
83 |
|
|
Other Salicylates |
90 |
|
|
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs |
92 |
|
|
Chemical Classification |
92 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
93 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
93 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
94 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
94 |
|
|
Contraindications and Cautions |
95 |
|
|
Therapeutic Uses |
95 |
|
|
Specific Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs |
96 |
|
|
Acetaminophen |
98 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
99 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
99 |
|
|
Adverse Effects |
99 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
100 |
|
|
Uses |
100 |
|
|
Dose and Preparations |
100 |
|
|
Drugs Used to Treat Gout |
101 |
|
|
Colchicine |
101 |
|
|
Allopurinol |
101 |
|
Chapter 7 |
Opioid (Narcotic) Analgesics and Antagonists |
103 |
|
|
History |
103 |
|
|
Terminology |
103 |
|
|
Classification |
104 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
104 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
106 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
107 |
|
|
Analgesia |
107 |
|
|
Sedation and Euphoria |
108 |
|
|
Cough Suppression |
108 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal Effects |
108 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
108 |
|
|
Respiratory Depression |
108 |
|
|
Nausea and Emesis |
109 |
|
|
Constipation |
109 |
|
|
Myosis |
109 |
|
|
Urinary Retention |
109 |
|
|
Central Nervous System Effects |
109 |
|
|
Cardiovascular Effects |
109 |
|
|
Biliary Tract Constriction |
109 |
|
|
Histamine Release |
109 |
|
|
Pregnancy and Nursing |
109 |
|
|
Addiction |
109 |
|
|
Treatment |
110 |
|
|
Allergic Reactions |
110 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
111 |
|
|
Specific Opioids |
112 |
|
|
Opioid Agonists |
112 |
|
|
Mixed Opioids |
115 |
|
|
Tramadol |
116 |
|
|
Dental Use of Opioids |
117 |
|
Chapter 8 |
Antiinfective Agents |
119 |
|
|
Dental Infection "Evolution" |
120 |
|
|
History |
122 |
|
|
Definitions |
122 |
|
|
Culture and Sensitivity |
124 |
|
|
Culture |
124 |
|
|
Sensitivity |
124 |
|
|
Indications for Antimicrobial Agents |
125 |
|
|
Therapeutic Indications |
125 |
|
|
Prophylactic Indications |
125 |
|
|
General Adverse Reactions Associated with Antiinfective Agents |
127 |
|
|
Superinfection (Suprainfection) |
127 |
|
|
Allergic Reactions |
127 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
127 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal Complaints |
128 |
|
|
Pregnancy |
128 |
|
|
Dose Forms |
128 |
|
|
Cost |
129 |
|
|
Penicillins |
129 |
|
|
Source and Chemistry |
130 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
130 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
131 |
|
|
Spectrum |
131 |
|
|
Resistance |
131 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
132 |
|
|
Allergy and Hypersensitivity |
132 |
|
|
Uses |
133 |
|
|
Specific Penicillins |
133 |
|
|
Macrolides |
135 |
|
|
Erythromycin |
136 |
|
|
Azithromycin and Clarithromycin |
137 |
|
|
Tetracyclines |
138 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
139 |
|
|
Spectrum |
139 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
139 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
140 |
|
|
Uses |
141 |
|
|
Clindamycin |
142 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
142 |
|
|
Spectrum |
142 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
142 |
|
|
Uses |
143 |
|
|
Metronidazole |
144 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
144 |
|
|
Spectrum |
144 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
144 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
145 |
|
|
Uses |
145 |
|
|
Cephalosporins |
145 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
147 |
|
|
Spectrum |
147 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
147 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
147 |
|
|
Uses |
148 |
|
|
Rational Use of Antiinfective
Agents in Dentistry |
148 |
|
|
Stage 1 |
148 |
|
|
Stage 2 |
149 |
|
|
Stage 3 |
149 |
|
|
Antimicrobial Agents for Nondental
Use |
149 |
|
|
Vancomycin |
149 |
|
|
Aminoglycosides |
150 |
|
|
Chloramphenicol |
151 |
|
|
Sulfonamides |
151 |
|
|
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim |
152 |
|
|
Nitrofurantoin |
152 |
|
|
Quinolones (Fluoroquinolones) |
152 |
|
|
Antituberculosis Agents |
154 |
|
|
Isoniazid |
154 |
|
|
Rifampin |
156 |
|
|
Pyrazinamide |
156 |
|
|
Ethambutol |
157 |
|
|
Topical Antibiotics |
157 |
|
|
Neomycin, Polymyxin,
and Bacitracin |
157 |
|
|
Mupirocin |
157 |
|
|
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Used in Dentistry |
158 |
|
|
Prevention of Infective Endocarditis |
158 |
|
|
Prosthetic Joint Prophylaxis |
161 |
|
|
Noncardiac Medical Conditions |
161 |
|
Chapter 9 |
Antifungal and Antiviral Agents |
163 |
|
|
Antifungal Agents |
163 |
|
|
Nystatin |
165 |
|
|
Imidazoles |
167 |
|
|
Other Antifungal Agents |
169 |
|
|
Antiviral Agents |
170 |
|
|
Herpes Simplex |
171 |
|
|
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
173 |
|
Chapter 10 |
Local Anesthetics |
177 |
|
|
History |
177 |
|
|
Ideal Local Anesthetic |
178 |
|
|
Chemistry |
178 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
179 |
|
|
Action on Nerve Fibers |
179 |
|
|
Ionization Factors |
179 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
179 |
|
|
Absorption |
179 |
|
|
Distribution |
182 |
|
|
Metabolism |
182 |
|
|
Excretion |
182 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
182 |
|
|
Peripheral Nerve Conduction (Blocker) |
182 |
|
|
Antiarrhythmic |
183 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
183 |
|
|
Composition of Local Anesthetic Solutions |
185 |
|
|
Local Anesthetic Agents |
185 |
|
|
Amides |
185 |
|
|
Esters |
189 |
|
|
Other Local Anesthetics |
189 |
|
|
Vasoconstrictors |
189 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
192 |
|
|
Choice of Local Anesthetic |
192 |
|
|
Topical Anesthetics |
193 |
|
|
Amides |
195 |
|
|
Esters |
196 |
|
|
Precautions in Topical Anesthesia |
197 |
|
|
Doses of Local Anesthetic and Vasoconstrictor |
197 |
|
Chapter 11 |
Antianxiety Agents |
199 |
|
|
Definitions |
201 |
|
|
Benzodiazepines |
201 |
|
|
Chemistry |
201 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
201 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
204 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
204 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
205 |
|
|
Abuse and Tolerance |
207 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
208 |
|
|
Uses |
208 |
|
|
Management of the Dental Patient Taking
Benzodiazepines |
210 |
|
|
Barbiturates |
211 |
|
|
Chemistry |
211 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetics |
211 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
212 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
212 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
212 |
|
|
Chronic Long-Term Use |
212 |
|
|
Contraindications |
213 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
213 |
|
|
Uses |
213 |
|
|
Nonbenzodiazepine-Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics |
213 |
|
|
Chloral Hydrate |
213 |
|
|
Buspirone |
214 |
|
|
Meprobamate |
214 |
|
|
Nonbenzodiazepine Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists |
215 |
|
|
Zolpidem |
215 |
|
|
Zaleplon |
215 |
|
|
Eszopiclone |
215 |
|
|
Melatonin Receptor Agonist |
216 |
|
|
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants |
216 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
216 |
|
|
Individual Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants |
216 |
|
|
Miscellaneous Agents |
217 |
|
|
Baclofen |
217 |
|
|
Tizanidine |
217 |
|
|
Dantrolene |
217 |
|
|
General Comments About Antianxiety
Agents |
217 |
|
|
Analgesic-Sedative Combinations |
217 |
|
|
Special Considerations |
218 |
|
|
Cautions |
218 |
|
Chapter 12 |
General Anesthetics |
220 |
|
|
History |
220 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
221 |
|
|
Stages and Planes of Anesthesia |
221 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
223 |
|
|
General Anesthetics |
223 |
|
|
Classification of Anesthetic Agents |
223 |
|
|
Nitrous Oxide |
225 |
|
|
Halogenated Hydrocarbons |
229 |
|
|
Other General Anesthetics |
231 |
|
|
Balanced General Anesthesia |
233 |
|
Chapter 13 |
Vitamins and Minerals |
234 |
|
|
Measurements of Vitamin Needs |
234 |
|
|
Recommended Dietary Allowance |
234 |
|
|
Fallacious Reasoning About Vitamins |
236 |
|
|
Water-Soluble Vitamins |
236 |
|
|
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) |
236 |
|
|
B-Complex Vitamins |
238 |
|
|
Fat-Soluble Vitamins |
247 |
|
|
Vitamin A |
247 |
|
|
Vitamin D |
249 |
|
|
Vitamin E |
251 |
|
|
Vitamin K |
252 |
|
|
Selected Minerals |
253 |
|
|
Iron |
253 |
|
|
Zinc |
254 |
|
|
Calcium |
255 |
|
|
Drug-Induced Vitamin Deficiencies |
256 |
|
Chapter 14 |
Oral Conditions and their Treatment |
258 |
|
|
Infectious Lesions |
258 |
|
|
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis |
258 |
|
|
Herpes Infections |
259 |
|
|
Candidiasis (Moniliasis) |
261 |
|
|
Angular Cheilitis/Cheilosis |
261 |
|
|
Alveolar Osteitis |
262 |
|
|
Immune Reactions |
262 |
|
|
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis |
262 |
|
|
Lichen Planus |
263 |
|
|
Miscellaneous Oral Conditions |
264 |
|
|
Geographic Tongue |
264 |
|
|
Burning Mouth or Tongue Syndrome |
264 |
|
|
Inflammation |
265 |
|
|
Pericoronitis |
265 |
|
|
Postirradiation Caries |
265 |
|
|
Root Sensitivity |
265 |
|
|
Actinic Lip Changes |
265 |
|
|
Drug-Induced Oral Side Effects |
265 |
|
|
Xerostomia |
265 |
|
|
Sialorrhea |
268 |
|
|
Hypersensitivity-Type Reactions |
268 |
|
|
Oral Lesions that Resemble Autoimmune-Type
Reactions |
268 |
|
|
Stains |
268 |
|
|
Gingival Enlargement |
268 |
|
|
Common Agents Used to Treat Oral Lesions |
269 |
|
|
Corticosteroids |
269 |
|
|
Palliative Treatment |
270 |
|
PART THREE |
DRUGS THAT MAY ALTER DENTAL
TREATMENT |
271 |
|
Chapter 15 |
Cardiovascular Drugs |
272 |
|
|
Dental Implications of Cardiovascular Disease |
273 |
|
|
Contraindications to Treatment |
273 |
|
|
Vasoconstrictor Limit |
273 |
|
|
Infective Endocarditis |
273 |
|
|
Cardiac Pacemakers |
274 |
|
|
Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Disease |
274 |
|
|
Cardiac Glycosides |
274 |
|
|
Congestive Heart Failure |
274 |
|
|
Digitalis Glycosides |
275 |
|
|
Antiarrhythmic Agents |
277 |
|
|
Automaticity |
277 |
|
|
Action Potential |
279 |
|
|
Arrhythmias |
279 |
|
|
Antiarrhythmic Agents |
279 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
281 |
|
|
Dental Implications |
281 |
|
|
Antianginal Drugs |
281 |
|
|
Angina Pectoris |
281 |
|
|
Nitroglycerin-Like Compounds |
282 |
|
|
Calcium Channel Blocking Agents |
285 |
|
|
β-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
286 |
|
|
Ranolazine |
286 |
|
|
Dental Implications |
286 |
|
|
Antihypertensive Agents |
287 |
|
|
Patient Evaluation |
289 |
|
|
Treatment of Hypertension |
289 |
|
|
Diuretic Agents |
292 |
|
|
β-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
296 |
|
|
Calcium Channel Blocking Agents |
297 |
|
|
Angiotensin-Related Agents |
299 |
|
|
α1-Adrenergic Blocking Agents |
301 |
|
|
Other Antihypertensive Agents |
302 |
|
|
Management of the Dental Patient Taking
Antihypertensive Agents |
303 |
|
|
Antihyperlipidemic Agents |
304 |
|
|
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme a Reductase Inhibitors |
304 |
|
|
Niacin |
305 |
|
|
Cholestyramine |
306 |
|
|
Gemfibrozil |
306 |
|
|
Dental Implications |
306 |
|
|
Drags that Affect Blood Coagulation |
306 |
|
|
Anticoagulants |
306 |
|
|
Drugs that Increase Blood Clotting |
312 |
|
Chapter 16 |
Anticonvulsants |
314 |
|
|
Epilepsy |
314 |
|
|
Generalized Seizures |
314 |
|
|
Partial (Focal) Epilepsies |
317 |
|
|
Drug Therapy of Patients with Epilepsy |
317 |
|
|
General Adverse Reactions to Anticonvulsant
Agents |
317 |
|
|
Carbamazepine |
319 |
|
|
Valproate |
320 |
|
|
Phenobarbital |
321 |
|
|
Phenytoin |
321 |
|
|
Miscellaneous Anticonvulsant Agents |
323 |
|
|
New Anticonvulsant Agents |
323 |
|
|
Dental Treatment of the Patient with Epilepsy |
323 |
|
|
Nonseizure Uses of Anticonvulsants |
325 |
|
|
Neurologic Pain |
325 |
|
|
Psychiatric Use |
325 |
|
Chapter 17 |
Psychotherapeutic Agents |
326 |
|
|
Psychiatric Disorders |
326 |
|
|
Antipsychotic Agents |
328 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
329 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
330 |
|
|
Drug Interactions |
332 |
|
|
Uses |
332 |
|
|
Dental Implications |
332 |
|
|
Antidepressant Agents |
333 |
|
|
Tricyclic Antidepressants |
333 |
|
|
Second-Generation Antidepressants |
336 |
|
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
336 |
|
|
Bupropion |
337 |
|
|
Other Antidepressant Agents |
337 |
|
|
Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors |
337 |
|
|
Drugs for Treatment of Bipolar Depression |
338 |
|
|
Lithium |
338 |
|
|
Anticonvulsants |
338 |
|
Chapter 18 |
Autocoids and Antihistamines |
339 |
|
|
Histamine |
339 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
339 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
340 |
|
|
Uses |
340 |
|
|
Antihistamines (H1-Receptor
Antagonists) |
340 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
341 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
341 |
|
|
Toxicity |
343 |
|
|
Uses |
344 |
|
|
Peripheral (Nonsedating)
H1-Receptor Antagonists |
344 |
|
|
Fexofenadine |
344 |
|
|
Loratidine |
345 |
|
|
Cetirizine |
345 |
|
|
Other Autocoids |
345 |
|
|
Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes |
345 |
|
|
Leukotrienes |
347 |
|
|
Kinins |
347 |
|
|
Substance P |
347 |
|
Chapter 19 |
Adrenocorticosteroids |
349 |
|
|
Mechanism of Release |
349 |
|
|
Classification |
350 |
|
|
Definitions |
350 |
|
|
Routes of Administration |
350 |
|
|
Mechanism of Action |
351 |
|
|
Pharmacologic Effects |
351 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
352 |
|
|
Metabolic Changes |
352 |
|
|
Infections |
352 |
|
|
Central Nervous System Effects |
352 |
|
|
Peptic Ulcer |
352 |
|
|
Impaired Wound Healing and Osteoporosis |
352 |
|
|
Ophthalmic Effects |
352 |
|
|
Electrolyte and Fluid Balance |
352 |
|
|
Adrenal Crisis |
353 |
|
|
Dental Effects |
353 |
|
|
Uses |
353 |
|
|
Medical Uses |
353 |
|
|
Dental Uses |
354 |
|
|
Corticosteroid Products |
354 |
|
|
Dental Implications |
354 |
|
|
Adverse Reactions |
355 |
|
|
Steroid Supplementation |
356 |
|
|
Rule of Twos |
357 |
|
|
Topical Use |
357 |
|
Chapter 20 |
Other Hormones |
359 |
|
|
Pituitary Hormones |
359 |
|
|
Anterior Pituitary |
360 |
|
|
Posterior Pituitary |
361 |
|
|
Thyroid Hormones |
361 |
|
|
Iodine |
361 |
|
|
Hypothyroidism |
362 |
|
|
Hyperthyroidism |
362 |
|
|
Pancreatic Hormones |
363 |
|
|
Diabetes Mellitus |
363 |
|
|
Female Sex Hormones |
375 |
|
|
Estrogens |
376 |
|
|
Progestins |
377 |
|
|
Oral Contraceptives |
378 |
|
|
Male Sex Hormones |
380 |
|
|
Androgens |
380 |
|
|
Other Agents that Affect Sex Hormone Systems |
381 |
|
|
Clomiphene |
382 |
|
|
Leuprolide |
382 |
|
|
Tamoxifen |
382 |
|
|
Danazol |
382 |
|
|
Aromatase Inhibitors |
382 |
|
Chapter 21 |
Antineoplastic Drugs |
384 |
|
|
Use of Antineoplastic
Agents |
385 |
|
|
Mechanisms of Action |
385 |
|
|
Classification |
387 |
|
|
Adverse Drug Effects |
387 |
|
|
Bone Marrow Suppression |
387 |
|
|
Osteonecrosis |
389 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal Effects |
390 |
|
|
Dermatologic Effects |
390 |
|
|
Hepatotoxicity |
390 |
|
|
Neurologic Effects |
390 |
|
|
Nephrotoxicity |
390 |
|
|
Immunosuppression |
390 |
|
|
Germ Cells |
390 |
|
|
Oral Effects |
390 |
|
|
Combinations |
390 |
|
|
Use in Treatment of Inflammatory Processes |
391 |
|
|
Dental Implications |
391 |
|
Chapter 22 |
Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Drugs |
393 |
|
|
Respiratory Drugs |
393 |
|
|
Respiratory Diseases |
393 |
|
|
Dugs Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases |
395 |
|
|
Sympathomimetic Agents |
395 |
|
|
Metered-Dose Inhalers |
396 |
|
|
Corticosteroids |
396 |
|
|
Leukotriene-Pathway Inhibitors |
399 |
|
|
Methylxanthines |
400 |
|
|
Anticholinergics |
400 |
|
|
Agents Used to Manage upper Respiratory
Infections |
400 |
|
|
Dental Implications of the Respiratory Drugs |
401 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal Drugs |
402 |
|
|
Gastrointestinal Diseases |
402 |
|
|
Drugs Used to Treat Gastrointestinal Diseases |
402 |
|
|
Histamine2-Blocking Agents |
402 |
|
|
Proton Pump Inhibitors |
404 |
|
|
Mixed Antiinfective
Therapy for Ulcer Treatment |
405 |
|
|
Antacids |
405 |
|
|
Miscellaneous Gastrointestinal Drugs |
405 |
|
|
Laxatives and Antidiarrheals |
406 |
|
|
Emetics and Antiemetics |
406 |
|
|
Agents Used to Manage Chronic Inflammatory Bowel
Disease |
407 |
|
PART FOUR |
SPECIAL SITUATIONS |
409 |
|
Chapter 23 |
Emergency Drugs |
410 |
|
|
General Measures |
410 |
|
|
Preparation for Treatment |
411 |
|
|
Categories of Emergencies |
411 |
|
|
Lost or Altered Consciousness |
411 |
|
|
Respiratory Emergencies |
412 |
|
|
Cardiovascular System Emergencies |
413 |
|
|
Other Emergency Situations |
414 |
|
|
Drug-Related Emergencies |
415 |
|
|
Emergency Kit for the Dental Office |
415 |
|
|
Drugs |
415 |
|
|
Equipment |
418 |
|
Chapter 24 |
Pregnancy and Breast Feeding |
420 |
|
|
General Principles |
421 |
|
|
History |
421 |
|
|
Pregnancy |
421 |
|
|
Pregnancy Trimesters |
421 |
|
|
Teratogenicity |
421 |
|
|
Food and Drug Administration Pregnancy Categories |
422 |
|
|
Breast Feeding |
422 |
|
|
Dental Drugs |
422 |
|
|
Local Anesthetic Agents |
422 |
|
|
Analgesics |
428 |
|
|
Antiinfective Agents |
428 |
|
|
Antianxiety Agents |
429 |
|
Chapter 25 |
Drug Interactions |
431 |
|
|
Mechanisms of Interactions |
431 |
|
|
Pharmacokinetic |
432 |
|
|
Pharmacodynamic |
433 |
|
|
Dental Drug Interactions |
434 |
|
|
Analgesics |
436 |
|
|
Antiinfectives |
438 |
|
|
Benzodiazepines |
439 |
|
|
Epinephrine |
439 |
|
|
Summary |
441 |
|
Chapter 26 |
Drug Abuse |
443 |
|
|
General Considerations |
444 |
|
|
Definitions |
444 |
|
|
Psychologic Dependence |
445 |
|
|
Physical Dependence |
445 |
|
|
Tolerance |
445 |
|
|
Addiction, Habituation, and Dependence |
446 |
|
|
Central Nervous System Depressants |
446 |
|
|
Ethyl Alcohol |
447 |
|
|
Nitrous Oxide |
450 |
|
|
Opioid Analgesics |
451 |
|
|
Sedative-Hypnotics |
453 |
|
|
Central Nervous System Stimulants |
454 |
|
|
Cocaine |
454 |
|
|
Amphetamines |
455 |
|
|
Caffeine |
455 |
|
|
Tobacco |
455 |
|
|
Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) |
457 |
|
|
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide |
457 |
|
|
Phencyclidine |
457 |
|
|
Marijuana |
458 |
|
|
Identifying the Drug Abuser |
458 |
|
|
The Impaired Dental Health Care Worker |
458 |
|
|
|
|
|
A |
Top 200 Drugs (2005) |
460 |
|
B |
Medical Acronyms |
466 |
|
C |
Medical Terminology |
470 |
|
D |
What If… |
472 |
|
E |
Oral Manifestations: Xerostomia and Taste
Changes |
480 |
|
F |
Natural/Herbal Products |
484 |
|
|
Glossary |
489 |
|
|
Drug Index |
510 |
|
|
Index |
522 |
|
|
|
|