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Foreword |
V |
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Preface |
vii |
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1 |
Introduction |
1 |
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Effectiveness of
Acute Pain Management |
1 |
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Adverse Effects of
Underrated Severe Acute Pain |
3 |
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Acute Pain
Management and Patient Outcomes |
6 |
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2 |
Organizational considerations |
8 |
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Education |
9 |
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Standardization |
12 |
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Acute Pain Services |
13 |
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3 |
Assessment of the Patient with Acute
Pain |
24 |
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Assessment of Pain
and Pain Relief |
25 |
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Assessment of
Adverse Effects |
33 |
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4 |
Pharmacology of Opioids |
42 |
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Mechanisms of Action |
43 |
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Effects of Opioids |
45 |
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Predictors of Opioid Dose |
54 |
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Titration of Opioid Dose |
55 |
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Commonly Used Opioid Agonists |
58 |
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Partial Agonists and
Agonist-Antagonists |
65 |
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Opioid Antagonists |
67 |
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5 |
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic
Drugs |
71 |
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Mechanism of Action |
71 |
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Efficacy of Local
Anesthetic Drugs |
74 |
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Adverse Effects of
Local Anesthetic Drugs |
75 |
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Commonly Used Local
Anesthetic Drugs |
80 |
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6 |
Non-Opioid
and Adjuvant Analgesic Agents |
87 |
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Paracetamol (acetaminophen) |
87 |
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Non-Selective
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
90 |
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Selective COX-2
Inhibitors |
95 |
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Nitrous Oxide |
98 |
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NMDA Receptor
Antagonist Drugs |
100 |
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α2 Adrenergic
Agonist drugs |
104 |
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Calcitonin |
106 |
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Antidepressant Drugs |
107 |
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Anticonvulsant Drugs |
109 |
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Membrane-Stabilizing
Drugs |
111 |
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7 |
Routes of Systemic Opioid Administration |
115 |
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Oral Route |
117 |
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Intramuscular and
Subcutaneous Routes |
121 |
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Intravenous Route |
128 |
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Rectal Route |
133 |
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Transdermal Route |
133 |
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Transmucosal Routes |
135 |
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8 |
Patient-Controlled Analgesia |
139 |
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Equipment |
140 |
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Analgesic and Other
Drugs Used with PCA |
142 |
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The PCA Prescription |
143 |
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Requirements for the
Safe Management of PCA |
148 |
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Management of
Inadequate Analgesia |
151 |
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‘Step-down’
Analgesia |
153 |
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Complications of PCA |
155 |
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Alternative Systemic
Routes of PCA Administration |
160 |
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9 |
Epidural and Intrathecal
analgesia |
167 |
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Anatomy |
168 |
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Contraindications |
169 |
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Drugs Used for
Epidural Analgesia |
172 |
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Requirements for the
Safe Management of Epidural Analgesia |
183 |
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Patient-Controlled
Epidural Analgesia |
185 |
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Management of
Inadequate Analgesia |
186 |
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‘Step-down’
Analgesia |
188 |
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Complications and
Side Effects of Epidural Analgesia |
188 |
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Concurrent
Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet Medications |
197 |
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Intrathecal Analgesia |
201 |
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10 |
Other Regional and Local Analgesia |
208 |
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Continuous
Peripheral Nerve Blockade |
208 |
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Intra-Articular Analgesia |
212 |
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Wound Infiltration |
213 |
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Topical Analgesia |
213 |
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11 |
Non-Pharmacological Therapies |
216 |
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Psychological
Interventions |
216 |
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Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve
Stimulation |
218 |
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Acupuncture |
219 |
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Physical
Interventions |
219 |
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12 |
Acute Neuropathic
and Persistent Postacute Pain |
221 |
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Pathophysiology of Neuropathic Pain |
222 |
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Clinical Features of
Neuropathic Pain |
223 |
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Acute Neuropathic Pain Syndromes |
224 |
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Treatment of Acute Neuropathic Pain |
227 |
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Progression of Acute
to Persistent Pain |
230 |
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Preventive Analgesia |
232 |
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13 |
Non-Surgical Acute Pain |
236 |
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Burns Injury |
236 |
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Spinal Cord Injury |
239 |
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Specific Medical
Conditions |
240 |
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14 |
More Complex Patients |
245 |
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Elderly Patients |
245 |
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Opioid-Tolerant Patients |
255 |
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Patients with a
Substance Abuse Disorder |
266 |
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Patients with
Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
270 |
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Pregnant or
Lactating Patients |
272 |
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Patients with Renal
or Hepatic Impairment |
274 |
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15 |
Self-Assessment Questions |
279 |
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Index |
291 |
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