Table of Contents
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Foreword Diane Wiessinger |
ix |
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Introduction |
xi |
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Acknowledgments |
xiii |
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Contributors |
xv |
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Photo Credits |
xix |
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Chapter 1 |
Normal Sucking and Swallowing Catherine Watson Genna and Lisa Sandora |
1 |
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1 |
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Anatomy |
2 |
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Deglutition
(Swallowing) |
6 |
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Feeding Assessment |
13 |
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Clinical
Breastfeeding Assessment |
17 |
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Breastfeeding
Assessment |
30 |
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Developing a Feeding
Plan with the Mother |
39 |
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References |
40 |
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Chapter 2 |
Breastfeeding and Perinatal Neuroscience Nils Bergman |
43 |
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Introduction |
43 |
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Early Developmental
Mechanisms |
43 |
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The Critical Period
of Birth |
47 |
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Later Developmental
Mechanisms |
50 |
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Practice
Recommendations |
54 |
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References |
55 |
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Chapter 3 |
Impact of Birth Practices on Infant
Suck Linda J. Smith |
57 |
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Introduction |
57 |
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Induction of Labor
and Infant Maturity |
58 |
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Chemicals/Drugs:
Direct Effects on Sucking, Swallowing, and/or Breathing |
60 |
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Physics and Forces:
Mechanical Effects of Birth Practices and Procedures |
62 |
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Consequences of
Separation |
64 |
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Consequences of Other
Birth-Related Practices |
65 |
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Recovery from and
Resolution of Birth-Related Infant Problems |
66 |
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Summary |
74 |
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References |
75 |
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Chapter 4 |
How Infants Learn to Feed: A
Neurobehavioral Model Christina
Smillie |
79 |
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Innate Mammalian Newborn
Feeding Behaviors |
80 |
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Baby-Led Learning |
82 |
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Explaining Infant
Competence: The Neurobehavioral Literature |
85 |
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Infant Learning |
89 |
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How Babies can
Relearn to Feed—An Approach to Breast Refusal |
91 |
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Our Role in Helping
Mothers and Babies as they Learn to Breastfeed |
92 |
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References |
93 |
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Chapter 5 |
The Infant-Maternal Breastfeeding
Conversation: Helping
When they Lose the
Thread Rebecca Glover,
and Diane Wiessinger |
97 |
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Preparation for the
Breastfeeding Conversation |
98 |
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Mouth Mechanics and
the Breastfeeding Infant |
105 |
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The Breastfeeding
Conversation: Baby-Led Self-Attachment |
107 |
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The Quick
Breastfeeding Conversation: Mother-Sped Self-Attachment |
109 |
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Stepping in to
Translate: When Mother or Baby Loses the Conversational
Thread |
112 |
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Conversation
Starters: When a Baby from 1 Week to 3 Months Does not Latch |
113 |
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When Technique is
not enough |
123 |
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Conclusion |
127 |
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References |
128 |
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Chapter 6 |
The
Goldilocks Problem: Milk Flow that is not too Fast, not too Slow, but Just
Right, or Why Milk Flow Matters and
what to do About It Lynn Wolf
and Robin Glass |
131 |
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Introduction |
131 |
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Foundations of Infant
Feeding: A Triad of Skills |
131 |
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The Relationship Between
Flow Rate and Coordination of Sucking, Swallowing, and Breathing |
137 |
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Factors to Consider
in Assessing Flow Rate |
139 |
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Assessing Flow Rate
during Breastfeeding |
142 |
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Common Diagnoses
Related to Flow Issues |
145 |
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Intervention
Strategies to Alter Flow |
147 |
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Conclusion |
151 |
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References |
151 |
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Chapter 7 |
Breastfeeding Preterm Infants Kerstin Hedberg-Nyqvist |
153 |
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Breastfeeding Rates in
Preterm Infants |
153 |
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Special
Characteristics and Needs of Preterm Infants |
153 |
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Assessment of
Readiness or Facilitation of Competence |
154 |
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Facilitation of
Breastfeeding by Developmentally Supportive Care |
156 |
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Protecting Milk
Supply |
156 |
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Observing
Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants |
161 |
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Mental Checklist for
Practical Breastfeeding Support |
165 |
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Use of Alternative
Feeding Methods Related to Breastfeeding |
168 |
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Strategies for the Transition
from Enteral
Feeding to Breastfeeding |
173 |
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Early Discharge and
Home Care |
175 |
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The Kangaroo Mother
Care Method |
175 |
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Conclusion |
176 |
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References |
177 |
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Chapter 8 |
The Influence of Anatomical and Structural Issues on Sucking Skills Catherine Watson Genna |
181 |
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Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) |
181 |
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Superior Labial Frenulum |
203 |
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Hemangioma |
203 |
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Micrognathia and Mandibular Hypoplasia |
203 |
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Macroglossia |
206 |
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Breastfeeding and
Oral Clefts |
206 |
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Congenital
Abnormalities of the Airway |
217 |
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Congenital Heart
Disease (CHD) |
220 |
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Other Structural
Issues |
221 |
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Conclusion |
223 |
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References |
223 |
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Chapter 9 |
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Posterior Tongue-Tie (The
Hidden Tongue-Tie) Elizabeth V. Coryllos,
Catherine Watson Genna,
and Judy LeVan Fram |
227 |
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Recognition |
227 |
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Breastfeeding
History and Assessment |
228 |
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The Frenotomy Procedure
and Modifications for Posterior Tongue-Tie |
228 |
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Conclusion |
234 |
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References |
234 |
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Chapter 10 |
Sensory Integration and Breastfeeding Catherine Watson Genna |
235 |
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What is Sensory
Integration? |
235 |
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The Process of Sensory
Integration: Important Concepts |
235 |
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Role of Sensory
Integration and Sensory Processing in Breastfeeding |
239 |
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Breastfeeding
Infants with Sensory Processing Difficulties |
244 |
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Maternal Sensory
Processing |
248 |
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Conclusion |
250 |
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References |
250 |
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Chapter 11 |
Neurological Issues and Breastfeeding Catherine Watson Genna, Judy LeVan Fram, and Lisa Sandora |
253 |
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Causes of
Neurological Disability in Newborns |
253 |
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Developmental
Structural Issues |
254 |
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Hydrocephaly |
257 |
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Autistic Spectrum
Disorders |
258 |
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Genetic Neurological
Conditions |
259 |
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Neuromuscular
Junction Issues |
266 |
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Effect of
Neurological Disorders on Feeding |
267 |
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Supportive Techniques |
269 |
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Interaction of Birth
Interventions with Neurological Issues |
272 |
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Preparatory Handling |
272 |
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Alertness |
275 |
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Sucking Issues in
Neurologically Impaired Infants |
275 |
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Oral Motor Dysfunction and Facilitative Techniques |
280 |
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Helping Infants Who Feed Ineffectively |
284 |
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Dysphagia and the
Neurologically Involved Baby |
295 |
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Gastroesophageal Reflux |
297 |
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Conclusion |
299 |
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References |
299 |
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Chapter 12 |
Therapeutic Positioning for Breastfeeding Chele Marmet, and
Ellen Shell |
305 |
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The Importance of
Positioning |
305 |
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Naming Positions |
306 |
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The Importance of
Skin-to-Skin Contact |
306 |
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Therapeutic
Positions for Treatment |
308 |
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Modifications for Specific
Problems |
318 |
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Positions for
Multiples |
320 |
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Conclusion |
322 |
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References |
323 |
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Chapter 13 |
Counseling Mothers of Infants with
Feeding Difficulties Nancy Williams |
327 |
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Adult Development |
328 |
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Maternal Adequacy |
329 |
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Resistance |
330 |
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Attachment |
331 |
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Birth Resolution |
332 |
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Imperfect Baby |
333 |
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Teen Mothers |
333 |
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Advice of Outsiders |
334 |
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Family of Origin
Issues |
335 |
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Grief and Coping
Skills |
335 |
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Substance Abuse |
336 |
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Lactation
Consultants’ Feelings and Responsibilities |
337 |
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Helping the
Bottle-Feeding Mother Nurse her Baby |
340 |
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Conclusion |
340 |
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References |
341 |
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Index |
343 |
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