Table of Contents
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Preface |
xiii |
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PART I |
UNDERSTANDING AUTISM SPECTRUM
AND PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS |
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Chapter 1 |
Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders:
What We Know |
3 |
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Chapter 2 |
Who Develops Autism? |
19 |
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Section 2.1—Is Autism on the
Rise? |
20 |
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Section 2.2—Why Do More Boys
than Girls Develop Autism? |
23 |
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Chapter 3 |
Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview |
27 |
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Chapter 4 |
Types of Autism Spectrum Disorders |
45 |
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Section 4.1—Classical Autism |
46 |
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Section 4.2—Asperger
Syndrome |
51 |
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Section 4.3—Rett
Syndrome |
58 |
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Section 4.4—Childhood
Disintegrative Disorder |
68 |
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Section 4.5—Pervasive
Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) |
70 |
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PART II |
CAUSES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM
DISORDERS |
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Chapter 5 |
What Causes Autism? |
75 |
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Chapter 6 |
Genes: One of the Suspected Causes of Autism |
77 |
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Chapter 7 |
Autism and the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
Vaccine: Current Evidence Does Not Support a Link |
89 |
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Chapter 8 |
Autism and Other Environmental Exposures |
99 |
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Chapter 9 |
Immune System Problems Could Be the Cause of
Autism |
103 |
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Chapter 10 |
Abnormal Brain Development and Function Linked to
Autism |
109 |
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Section 10.1—Research on the Biological
Basis of Autism |
110 |
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Section 10.2—Brain Areas Fail to
Work Together in Autism |
113 |
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Section 10.3—Autism Affects
Functioning of Entire Brain |
116 |
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Section 10.4—Brain Regions Involving
Memory and Emotion Are Larger in Children with Autism |
119 |
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Section 10.5—Researchers Find
Fewer Neurons in the Amygdala of Males with Autism |
121 |
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Section 10.6—Nicotine Receptors
in the Brain May Play Role in Development of Autism |
123 |
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Chapter 11 |
Parent, Pregnancy, and Birth Factors Associated
with Risk of Autism |
127 |
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PART III |
CONDITIONS THAT MAY ACCOMPANY
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS |
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Chapter 12 |
Understanding Genetic Disorders That Occur More Frequently
in People with Autism |
133 |
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Section 12.1—Tuberous Sclerosis |
134 |
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Section 12.2—Fragile X Syndrome |
146 |
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Section 12.3—Angelman
Syndrome |
153 |
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Section 12.4—Landau-Kleffner
Syndrome |
155 |
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Section 12.5—Prader-Willi
Syndrome |
157 |
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Section 12.6—Williams Syndrome |
160 |
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Section 12.7—Tourette
Syndrome |
163 |
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Chapter 13 |
Epilepsy Often Accompanies Autism |
171 |
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Chapter 14 |
Auditory Processing Disorder in People with Autism |
187 |
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Chapter 15 |
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and
Autism |
193 |
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Chapter 16 |
Exceptional Abilities in People with Autism |
201 |
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Section 16.1—Hyperlexia:
Exceptional |
202 |
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Section 16.2—Savant Syndrome: An
Extraordinary Condition |
205 |
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PART IV |
DIAGNOSING AND EVALUATING AUTISM
SPECTRUM ORDERS |
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Chapter 17 |
Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders |
213 |
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Chapter 18 |
The Importance of Early Autism Diagnosis |
221 |
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Chapter 19 |
Screening and Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders |
225 |
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Section 19.1—Guidelines for the
Screening and Diagnosis of Autism |
226 |
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Section 19.2—Common Autism
Screening Tools and Tests |
232 |
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Section 19.3—Other Assessments Used
in the Diagnosis of Autism |
236 |
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Section 19.4—Medical Tests Used
in Diagnosing and Evaluating Autism |
248 |
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Chapter 20 |
After the Diagnosis: What Comes Next? |
253 |
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Section 20.1—Ten Things Parents
Need to Do after a Diagnosis of Autism |
254 |
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Section 20.2—Moving Forward with
Confidence after Your Child is Diagnosed with an Autistic Spectrum Disorder |
257 |
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Section 20.3—Should You Explain
the Diagnosis to Your Child with Autism or Asperger
Syndrome? |
260 |
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PART V |
TREATMENTS, THERAPIES, AND
INTERVENTIONS FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS |
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Chapter 21 |
Your Child’s Autism Treatment Team |
267 |
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Chapter 22 |
Evaluating Autism Treatments: Rules of Thumb and
Questions to Ask |
271 |
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Chapter 23 |
Autism Treatment Options: An Overview |
275 |
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Chapter 24 |
Behavioral Interventions |
293 |
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Section 24.1—Improving Behavior
in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
294 |
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Section 24.2—Applied Behavioral
Analysis ( |
297 |
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Section 24.3—Social Stories:
Helping People with Autism Interpret Social Situations |
300 |
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Chapter 25 |
Communication Therapies |
303 |
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Section 25.1—Communication and
Interaction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
304 |
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Section 25.2—Picture Exchange
Communication System |
314 |
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Section 25.3—Facilitated
Communication: A Largely Discredited Therapy |
317 |
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Chapter 26 |
Sensory Interventions |
323 |
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Section 26.1—Sensory Integration
and Motor Therapies |
324 |
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Section 26.2—Auditory
Integration Training |
326 |
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Chapter 27 |
Dietary Interventions |
331 |
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Section 27.1—Diet and Vitamins
in the Treatment of Autism |
332 |
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Section 27.2—Secretin
for Autism: Hoped Disappointment |
345 |
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Section 27.3—Is Eliminating
Casein and Gluten from a Child’s Diet a Viable Treatment for Autism? |
348 |
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Chapter 28 |
Pharmacological Interventions |
355 |
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Section 28.1—Medications Used in
the Treatment of Autism |
356 |
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Section 28.2—Risperdal
Approved to Treat Irritability Associated with Autism |
359 |
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Section 28.3—Oxytocin
in the Treatment of Repetitive Behaviors and Social Cognition Difficulties in
Adults with Autistic Disorders |
360 |
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Chapter 29 |
Social Intervention Strategies |
363 |
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Section 29.1—Son-Rise Program:
Encouraging Love and Acceptance of Children |
364 |
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Section 29.2—Daily Life Therapy
(Higashi): Educating Children with Autism through Physical Activity, Academic
Activity, and Vocational Training |
376 |
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Chapter 30 |
Occupational Therapy in the Treatment of Autism |
379 |
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Chapter 31 |
Music Therapy and Individuals with Autism
Spectrum Disorders |
383 |
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PART VI |
FAMILY AND LIFESTYLE ISSUES FOR
PEOPLE WITH AUTISM |
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Chapter 32 |
Autism’s Effect on Family Relationships |
391 |
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Section 32.1—Stress on Families
of Autistic Children |
392 |
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Section 32.2—Helping Siblings
Understand Autism and Encouraging Positive Relationships |
397 |
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Chapter 33 |
Ensuring Safety at Home for People with Autism |
405 |
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Chapter 34 |
Understanding Self-Injurious Behavior in People
with Autism |
409 |
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Chapter 35 |
Personal Care and Grooming Issues |
415 |
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Section 35.1—Handling Dressing and
Bathing Issues with the Autistic Child |
416 |
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Section 35.2—Tips for Toilet
Training the Autistic Child |
418 |
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Section 35.3—Tips for Dealing
with Sleeping Difficulties in Autistic Children |
420 |
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Section 35.4—Tips for Dealing with
Eating Difficulties in Autistic Children |
422 |
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Section 35.5—Dental Care for
Children with Autism |
424 |
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Chapter 36 |
Encouraging Successful Play Dates for Autistic
Children |
429 |
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Chapter 37 |
Integrating the Autistic Child into the World outside
the Home |
433 |
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Section 37.1—Taking an Autistic
Child to the Grocery Store |
434 |
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Section 37.2–Making Medical
Appointments Less Challenging for Children with Autism |
436 |
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Section 37.3—Autism and Airport
Travel Safety Trips |
438 |
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Chapter 38 |
Handling Puberty in Children with Autism Spectrum
Disorders |
441 |
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PART VII |
EDUCATION AND |
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Chapter 39 |
A Guide to the Individualized Education Program |
449 |
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Chapter
40 |
Treatment and Education of Autistic and
Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) and Structured Teaching |
473 |
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Section 40.1—Autism Teaching
Methods: TEACCH |
474 |
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Section 40.2–Structured Teaching |
475 |
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Chapter 41 |
School Transitions and the Autistic Child:
Planning for Successful Transitions Across Grade Levels |
487 |
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Chapter 42 |
Transition Planning for Life after High School: A
Team Effort |
491 |
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Chapter 43 |
Postsecondary Education for People with Autism |
523 |
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Section 43.1—Preparing for
Post-Secondary Education If You Have Disabilities: Know Your Rights and
Responsibilities |
524 |
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Section 43.2—Lessons Learned: A
Parent’s Report Regarding Her Son’s First Year at College |
530 |
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Chapter 44 |
Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Living and
Working Arrangements |
537 |
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Section 44.1—Living Arrangements
for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
538 |
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Section 44.2—Accommodating
Employees with Asperger Syndrome |
540 |
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Chapter 45 |
Estate Planning for Parents of Autistic Children |
549 |
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PART VIII |
ADDITIONAL HELP AND INFORMATION |
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Chapter 46 |
Glossary of Terms Related to Autism Spectrum
Disorders |
557 |
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Chapter 47 |
How to Evaluate Health Information on the Internet |
563 |
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Chapter 48 |
Resources for Information about Autism Spectrum
Disorders |
569 |
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Index |
581 |
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