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PART I
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BASIC TOPICS
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Chapter 1 |
Introduction |
1 |
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Pharmacoeconomics—What is It? |
2 |
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Why is Pharmacoeconomics
Important? |
2 |
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Relationship of Pharmacoeconomics
to Other Research |
3 |
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Types of Pharmacoeconomic
Studies |
4 |
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Summary |
7 |
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Question’s/Exercises |
7 |
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References |
8 |
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Suggested |
8 |
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Chapter 2 |
Measuring and Estimating Costs |
9 |
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Costing Terms |
10 |
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Cost Categorization |
10 |
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Alternative Method of
Categorization |
12 |
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Perspective |
13 |
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Timing Adjustments for Costs |
13 |
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Resources for Cost Estimations |
17 |
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Summary |
22 |
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Questions/Exercises |
22 |
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References |
23 |
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Suggested |
23 |
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Chapter 3 |
Critiquing Research Articles |
25 |
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Appropriateness of Methods of
Analysis |
26 |
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Questions to Use when Critiquing
Research Articles |
26 |
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Summary |
32 |
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Questions/Exercises |
32 |
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References |
33 |
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Suggested |
34 |
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Chapter 4 |
Cost-Minimization Analysis |
35 |
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Overview of Cost-Minimization
Analysis |
36 |
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Summary |
37 |
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Composite Article: CMA |
38 |
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Questions/Exercises |
43 |
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Reference |
45 |
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Suggested |
45 |
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Chapter 5 |
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis |
47 |
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Overview of Cost-Effectiveness
Analysis |
48 |
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Presentation of Costs and
Effectiveness |
48 |
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Cost-Effectiveness Grid |
49 |
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Cost-Effectiveness Plane |
51 |
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Intermediate Outcomes versus
Primary Outcomes |
55 |
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Efficacy versus Effectiveness |
56 |
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Consensus and Debate |
56 |
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Summary |
57 |
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Composite Article: CEA |
57 |
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Questions/Exercises |
65 |
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References |
65 |
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Suggested |
65 |
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Chapter 6 |
Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA) |
67 |
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Overview of Cost-Utility Analysis |
68 |
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Steps in Calculating QALYs |
68 |
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Summary |
73 |
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Composite Article: CUA |
78 |
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Questions/Exercises |
85 |
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References |
86 |
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Suggested |
87 |
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Chapter 7 |
Cost-Benefit Analysis |
89 |
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Definition and History |
90 |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Cost-Benefit Analysis |
90 |
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Conducting a Cost-Benefit
Analysis |
91 |
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Difference Between Costs versus
Benefits |
92 |
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Measuring Indirect and
Intangible Benefits |
93 |
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Calculating Results of Costs and
Benefits |
98 |
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Summary |
100 |
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Composite Article: CBA |
101 |
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Questions/Exercises |
108 |
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References |
109 |
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Suggested |
109 |
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Chapter 8 |
Health-Related Quality of Life:
Health Status Measures |
111 |
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Definitions |
112 |
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Health-Related Quality of Life:
Utility Measures versus Health Status Measures |
112 |
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Domains of Health Status |
115 |
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Assessing Health Status
Instruments |
117 |
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Pharmacoeconomics and Health Status Measures |
119 |
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Patient-Reported Outcomes |
120 |
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Summary |
120 |
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Composite Article: HRQOL |
121 |
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Questions/Exercises |
128 |
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References |
132 |
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Suggested |
134 |
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Decision Analysis |
135 |
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What is Decision Analysis? |
136 |
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Steps in Decision Analysis |
136 |
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Threshold Analysis |
140 |
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Summary |
143 |
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Composite Article: Decision
Analysis |
145 |
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Questions/Exercises |
152 |
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References |
153 |
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Suggested |
153 |
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Chapter 10 |
Markov Modeling |
155 |
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Overview of Markov Modeling |
156 |
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Steps in Markov Modeling |
156 |
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Disadvantages of Markov Modeling |
162 |
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Advanced Issues |
163 |
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Summary |
164 |
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Composite Article; Markov
Modeling |
165 |
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Questions/Exercises |
173 |
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References |
175 |
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Suggested |
175 |
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Chapter 11 |
Retrospective Databases |
177 |
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Overview of Retrospective
Databases |
178 |
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Randomized, Controlled Trials |
178 |
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Observational Studies |
178 |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Randomized, Controlled Trials |
178 |
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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Observational Studies |
179 |
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Types of Retrospective Databases |
181 |
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Critiquing Retrospective
Database Studies |
184 |
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Summary |
185 |
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Composite Article: Retrospective
Database |
186 |
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Questions/Exercises |
193 |
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References |
194 |
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Suggested |
195 |
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Chapter 12 |
Pharmacy Services |
197 |
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What are Pharmacy Services? |
198 |
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History of Pharmacy Services |
198 |
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Review of the Research |
198 |
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Issues in Valuing Pharmacy
Services |
201 |
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Medicare Medication Therapy
Management |
202 |
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Summary |
204 |
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Composite Article: Pharmacy
Services |
205 |
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Questions/Exercises |
212 |
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References |
213 |
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Suggested |
215 |
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Chapter 13 |
International Perspective |
217 |
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Health Care Expenditures |
218 |
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Comparability of Pharmacoeconomic
Results Between Countries |
218 |
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History of Pharmacoeconomic
Guideline Development |
218 |
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Summary |
223 |
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Questions/Exercises |
224 |
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References |
225 |
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Suggested |
226 |
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Chapter 14 |
Future Issues |
227 |
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Application of Pharmacoeconomics
in the |
228 |
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Federal Agencies |
228 |
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Private Health Care Plans |
229 |
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Barriers to Pharmacoeconomics
in the |
230 |
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Other Future Issues |
231 |
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Summary |
233 |
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Questions/Exercises |
234 |
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References |
234 |
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Suggested |
235 |
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Glossary |
237 |
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Index |
243 |
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