Contributors

xi

Preface

xvii

SECTION I

BASIC MANAGEMENT

1

Antepartum and Intrapartum Fetal Assessment

1

2

Obstetric Anesthesia and the Neonate

9

3

Resuscitation of the Newborn

15

4

Assessment of Gestational Age

23

5

Newborn Physical Examination

31

6

Temperature Regulation

43

7

Respiratory Management

48

8

Body Water, Fluid, and Electrolytes

68

9

Nutritional Management

77

10

Neonatal Radiology

108

11

Infant Transport

131

12

Blood Component Therapy

133

13

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation of the Newborn

139

14

Newborn Screening

150

15

Studies for Neurologic Evaluation

155

16

Management of the Extremely Low Birthweight Infant during the First Week of Life

163

17

Management of the Late Preterm Infant

175

18

Follow-Up of High-Risk Infants

178

19

Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies in Neonatology

182

20

Neonatal Bioethics

192

SECTION II

PROCEDURES

21

Arterial Access: Arterial Puncture (Radial Artery Puncture)

199

22

Arterial Access: Percutaneous Arterial Catheterization

201

23

Arterial Access: Umbilical Artery Catheterization

203

24

Bladder Aspiration (Suprapubic Urine Collection)

208

25

Bladder Catheterization

209

26

Chest Tube Placement

211

27

Defibrillation and Cardioversion

214

28

Endotracheal Intubation

217

29

Exchange Transfusion

219

30

Gastric Intubation

224

31

Heelstick (Capillary Blood Sampling)

225

32

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

227

33

Paracentesis (Abdominal)

230

34

Pericardiocentesis

232

35

Venous Access: Intraosseous Infusion

233

36

Venous Access: Percutaneous Central Venous Catheterization

235

37

Venous Access: Percutaneous Venous Catheteriration

240

38

Venous Access: Umbilical Vein Catheterization

243

39

Venous Access: Venipuncture (Phlebotomy)

246

SECTION III

ON-CALL PROBLEMS

40

Abnormal Blood Gas

247

41

Apnea and Bradycardia (“A’s and B’s”)

252

42

Arrhythmia

258

43

Bloody Stool

264

44

Counseling Parents Before High-Risk Delivery

267

45

Cyanosis

270

4B

Death of an Infant

274

47

Eye Discharge (Conjunctivitis)

277

48

Gastric Aspirate (Residuals)

281

49

Gastrointestinal Bleeding from the Upper Tract

285

50

Hyperbilirubinemia, Direct (Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)

288

51

Hyperbrlirubinemia, Indirect (Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)

293

52

Hyperglycemia

301

53

Hyperkalemia

304

54

Hypertension

308

55

Hypoglycemia

313

56

Hypokalemia

318

57

Hyponatremia

321

58

Hypotension and Shock

324

59

Is the Infant Ready for Discharge?

330

60

No Stool in 48 Hours

335

61

No Urine Output in 24 Hours

339

62

Pneumoperitoneum

341

63

Pneumothorax

344

64

Polycythemia

347

65

Poor Perfusion

351

66

Postdelivery Antibiotics

354

67

Pulmonary Hemorrhage

360

68

Rash and Dermatologic Problems

363

69

Sedation and Analgesia in a Neonate

370

70

Seizure Activity

374

71

Traumatic Delivery

379

72

Vasospasms and Thromboembolism

386

SECTION IV

DISEASES AND DISORDERS

73

ABO Incompatibility

393

74

Air Leak Syndromes

395

75

Anemia

403

76

Apnea and Periodic Breathing

411

77

Bronchopulmonaiy Dysplasia

416

78

Calcium Disorders (Hypocalcemia, Hypercalcemia)

421

79

Chlamydial Infection

426

80

Common Multiple Congenital Anomaly Syndromes

428

81

Congenital Heart Disease

436

82

Disorders of Sex Development

443

83

Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

452

84

Eye Disorders of the Newborn and Retinopathy of Prematurity

454

85

Gonorrhea

462

86

Hematuria

464

87

Hepatitis

465

88

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

471

89

Hyaline Membrane Disease (Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

477

90

Hydrocephalus and Ventriculomegaly

483

91

Hyperbilirubinemia, Direct (Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)

487

92

Hyperbilirubinemia, Indirect (Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)

498

93

Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Acute Neonatal Onset

510

94

Infant of a Diabetic Mother

534

95

Infant of a Drug-Abusing Mother

540

96

Intracranial Hemorrhage

549

97

Irrtrauterine Growth Restriction (Small for Gestational Age)

558

98

Lyme Disease and Pregnancy

568

99

Magnesium Disorders (Hypomagnesemia, Hypermagnesemia)

572

100

Meconium Aspiration

574

101

Meningitis

579

102

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) Infections

581

103

Multiple Gestation

585

104

Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation

590

105

Neural Tube Defects

596

106

Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Problems

606

107

Osteopenia of Prematurity

613

108

Parvovirus B19 Infection

617

109

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

619

110

Perinatal Asphyxia

624

111

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

636

112

Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity

645

113

Renal Failure (Acute)

648

114

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

652

115

Rh Incompatibility

654

116

Seizures in the Neonate

659

117

Sepsis

665

118

Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Abdominal Masses

673

119

Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Abdominal Wall Defects

674

120

Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Alimentary Tract Obstruction

677

121

Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Diseases of the Airway, Tracheobronchial Tree, and Lungs

681

122

Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Retroperitoneal Tumors

686

123

Surgical Diseases of the Newborn: Urologic Disorders

687

124

Syphilis

692

125

Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Dysfunction

695

126

Thyroid Disorders

699

127

TORCH Infections (Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus)

704

128

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

717

129

Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection

720

130

Urinary Tract Infection

722

131

Varicella-Zoster Infections

723

SECTION V

NEONATAL PHARMACOLOGY

132

Commonly Used Medications

729

133

Effects of Drugs and Substances in Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding

788

APPENDICES

A

Abbreviations Used in Neonatology

815

B

Apgar Scoring

821

C

Blood Pressure Determinations

822

D

Chartwork

823

E

Growth Charts

827

F

Isolation Guidelines

832

G

Temperature Conversion Table

844

H

Weight Conversion Table

845

Index

847