Contributors

ix

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xv

SECTION 1

FOUNDATIONS OF PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS

1

Essential Regional Anesthesia Anatomy   Admit Hadzic and Carlo Franco

3

2

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Pharmacology and Rational Selection   JeffGadsden

29

3

Equipment for Peripheral Nerve Blocks   Ali Nima Shariat, Patrick M. Hotan, KirnberlyGtatenstein, Colleen McCally, andAshton P. Frulto

41

4

Electrical Nerve Stimulators and Localization of Peripheral Nerves   Martin Simpel and Andre van Zundert

55

5

Monitoring and Documentation   JeffGadsden

71

6

Indications for Peripheral Nerve Blocks   JeffGadsden

81

7

Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Outpatients   Brian M. ilfeld, Elizabeth M. Renehan, and F Kayser Enneking

95

8

Regional Anesthesia in the Anticoagulated Patient   Honorio T. Benzon

107

9

Toxicity of Local Anesthetics   Steven Dewaele and Alan C. Santos

119

10

Neurologic Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks   JeffGadsden

127

SECTION 2

NERVE STIMULATOR AND SURFACE-BASED NERVE BLOCKTECHNIQUES

11

Cervical Plexus Block

139

12

Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block

149

13

Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

167

14

Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

175

15

Axillary Brachial Plexus Block

187

16

Wrist Block

199

17

Cutaneous Nerve Blocks of the Upper Extremity

207

18

Lumbar Plexus Block

217

19

Sciatic Block

229

Part 1. Transgluteal Approach

230

Part 2. Anterior Approach

241

20

Popliteal Sciatic Block

249

Part 1. Intertendinous Approach

250

Part 2. Lateral Approach

258

21

Femoral Nerve Block

267

22

Ankle Block

281

23

Thoracic Paravertebral Block

291

24

Intercostal Block

303

SECTION 3

INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

25

Bier Block

313

SECTION 4

FOUNDATIONS OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NERVE BLOCKS

26

Ultrasound Physics   Daquan Xu

323

27

Optimizing an Ultrasound Image   Daquan Xu

335

SECTION 5

ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NERVE BLOCKS

28

Ultrasound-Guided Cervical Plexus Block

345

29

Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block

353

30

Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

361

31

Ultrasound-Guided Infraciavicular Brachial Plexus Block

369

32

Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block

377

33

Ultrasound-Guided Forearm Blocks

385

34

Ultrasound-Guided Wrist Block

391

35

Ultrasound-Guided Femoral Nerve Block

397

36

Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliaca Block

405

37

Ultrasound-Guided Obturator Nerve Block

411

38

Ultrasound-Guided Saphenous Nerve Block

419

39

Ultrasound-Guided Sciatic Block

427

Part 1. Anterior Approach

428

Part 2. Transgluteal and Subgluteal Approach

433

40

Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Sciatic Block

441

41

Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block

451

42

Common Ultrasound-Guided Truncal and Cutaneous Blocks

459

Part 1. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block

460

Part 2. Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerve Blocks

463

Part 3.Rectus Sheath Block

465

Part 4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block

468

SECTION 6

ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NEURAXIAL AND PERINEURAXIAL BLOCKS

43

Introduction   Manoj Karmakar and Catherine Vandepitte

473

44

Spinal Sonography and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Central Neuraxial Blockade   Wing Hong Kwok and Manoj Karmakar

475

45

Sonography of Thoracic Paravertebrai Space and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebrai Block   Catherine Vandepirte, Tatjana StoparPintaric, and Philippe E, Gautier

497

46

Ultrasound of the Lumbar Paravertebrai Space and Considerations for Lumbar Plexus Block   Manoj Karmakar and Catherine Vandepitte

503

SECTION 7

ATLAS OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED ANATOMY

509

SECTION 8

ATLAS OF SURFACE ANATOMY

669

Index

681