In Memoriam

xi

Contributors

xiii

Foreword to the First Edition

xvii

Foreword to the Second Edition

xix

Foreword to the Third Edition

xxi

Foreword to the Fourth Edition

xxiii

Preface to the Fourth Edition

xxv

SECTION I

BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, METABOLISM, SECOND MESSENGERS, AND ULTRASTRUCTURE

1

Biophysical Chemistry of Physiological Solutions   Jeffrey C. Freedman

3

2

Physiological Structure and Function of Proteins   Matthew R. Pincus

19

3

Cell Membranes   Jeffrey C. Freedman

49

4

lonophores in Planar Lipid Bilayers   Jeffrey C. Freedman

61

5

Cell Structure   Michael S. Forbes

67

6

Signal Transduction and Second Messengers   Aldebaran M. Hofer

85

7

Calcium as an Intracellular Second Messenger: Mediation by Calcium-Binding Proteins   John R. Dedman and Marcia A. Kaetzel

99

SECTION II

MEMBRANE POTENTIAL, TRANSPORT PHYSIOLOGY, PUMPS, AND EXCHANGERS

8

Diffusion and Permeability   Nicholas Sperelakis and Jeffrey C. Freedman

113

9

Origin of Resting Membrane Potentials   Nicholas Sperelakis

121

10

Gibbs—Donnan Equilibrium Potentials   Nicholas Sperelakis

147

11

Mechanisms of Carrier-Mediated Transport: Facilitated Diffusion, Cotransport and Countertransport   Steven M. Crassl

153

12

Active Ion Transport by ATP-Driven Ion Pumps   Robert A. Farley

167

13

Ca²⁺-ATPases   Tracy J. Pritchard, Istvan Edes and Evangelia C. Kranias

179

14

Na⁺-Ca²⁺ Exchange Currents   John H.B. Bridge, Natalia S. Torres and Michela Ottolia

195

15

Intracellular Chloride Regulation   Francisco J. Alvarez-Leefmans

221

16

Osmosis and Regulation of Cell Volume   Clive M. Baumgarten and Joseph J, Feher

261

17

Intracellular pH Regulation   Robert W. Putnam

303

SECTION III

MEMBRANE EXCITABILITY AND ION CHANNELS

18

Cable Properties and Propagation of Action Potentials   Nicholas Sperelakis

325

19

Electrogenesis of Membrane Excitability   Nicholas Sperelakis

345

20

Patch-Clamp Techniques   Laura Conforti

369

21

Structure and Mechanism of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels   Simon Rock Levinson and William A. Sather

383

22

Biology of Gap Junctions   Richard D. Veenstra

409

23

Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channels by Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Pnosphorylation   Gordon M. Wahler and Nicholas Sperelakis

431

24

Direct Regulation of Ion Channels by GTP-Binding Proteins   Atsushi Inanobe and Yoshihisa Kurachi

445

25

Developmental Changes in Ion Channels   Takeshi Kobayashi, Noritsugu Tohse, Hisashi Yokoshiki and Nicholas Sperelakis

453

26

Regulation of Ion Channel Localization and Activity Through Interactions with the Cytoskeleton   Stephen Lambert

475

27

Why are So Many Ion Channels Mechanosensitive?   Catherine E. Morris

493

SECTION IV

ION CHANNELS AS TARGETS FOR TOXINS, DRUGS, AND GENETIC DISEASES

28

Ion Channels as Targets for Toxins   Kenneth M. Blumenthal

509

29

Ion Channels as Targets for Drugs   Seth Robey, Kevin J. Sampson and Robert S. Kass

525

30

Inherited Diseases of Ion Transport   Robert A. Farley

535

SECTION V

SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION AND SENSORY TRANSDUCTION

31

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels   Kenneth R. Tovar and Gary L. Westbrook

549

32

Synaptic Transmission   Janusz B. Suszkiw

563

33

Excitation—Secretion Coupling   Nicole Gallo-Payet and Marcel Daniel Payet

579

34

Stimulus—Response Coupling in Metabolic Sensor Cells   Stan Misler

601

35

Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels   Anita L Zimmerman

621

36

Sensory Receptors and Mechanotransduction   Andrew S. French and Paivi H. Torkkeli

633

37

Acoustic Transduction   Daniel C. Marcus

649

38

Visual Transduction   Anita L Zimmerman

669

39

Gustatory and Olfactory Sensory Transduction   Stephen D. Roper

681

40

Infrared Sensory Organs   Stephen D. Roper and Michael S. Grace

699

41

Electroreceptors and Magnetoreceptors   Timothy C. Tricas and Bruce A. Carlson

705

SECTION VI

MUSCLE AND OTHER CONTRACTILE SYSTEMS

42

Skeletal Muscle Excitability   Nicholas Sperelakis, Judith Heiny and Hugo Conzalez-Serratos

729

43

Cardiac Action Potentials   Cordon M. Wahler

757

44

Smooth Muscle Excitability   Neil D. Detweiler, Anup K. Srivastava, AsifR. Pathan, Sujay V. Kharade and Nancy J. Rusch

771

45

Excitation—Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle   Judith A. Heiny and Gerhard Meissner

783

46

Contraction of Muscles: Mechanochemistry   Richard J. Paul

801

47

Flagella, Cilia, Actin- and Centrin-based Movement   Kenneth W. Foster

823

48

Electrocytes of Electric Fish   Anthony L Gotter, Marcia A. Kaetzel and John R. Dedman

855

SECTION VII

PROTOZOA AND BACTERIA

49

Physiological Adaptations of Protists   Michael Levandowsky

873

50

Physiology of Prokaryotic Cells   Dennis W. Grogan

891

SECTION VIII

SPECIALIZED PROCESSES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND BIOLUMINESCENCE

51

Photosynthesis   Darrell Fleischman

909

52

Bioluminescence   J. Woodland Hastings

925

Appendix

949

Index

957