Table
of Contents
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Preface to the Third
Edition |
vii |
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Preface to the Second
Edition |
ix |
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Preface to the First
Edition |
x |
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Color Plates |
xvii |
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PART 1 |
GENERAL CLINICAL NEUROLOGIC PROBLEMS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT |
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1 |
Coma and Other States
of Altered Awareness in the Intensive Cake Unit |
5 |
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Definitions
of Altered States of Consciousness |
5 |
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Neurologic Examination of the
Acutely Confused Patient |
8 |
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Neurologic Examination of the
Comatose Patient |
9 |
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Neurologic Examination in Brain
Death |
18 |
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Conclusions |
22 |
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2 |
Neurolocic Manifestations of
Muscle Relaxants and Drugs Used for Analgesia and Anesthesia in the Intensive
Care Unit |
25 |
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Principles
of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics in Critical Illness |
25 |
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Effect
of Drugs on Neuromuscular Junction |
28 |
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Effect
of Drugs on Level of Consciousness |
31 |
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Malignant
Hyperthermia |
35 |
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Conclusions |
36 |
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3 |
Seizures in the
Intensive Care Unit |
40 |
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Generalized
Tonic-Clonic Seizures |
40 |
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Drug-Induced and Drug-Withdrawal Seizures |
42 |
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Seizures
and Acute Metabolic De1uncements |
43 |
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Seizures
and Structural Central Nervous System Abnormalities |
44 |
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Convulsive
Status Epileiticus |
44 |
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Nonconvulsive
Status Epilepticus |
47 |
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Management
of Seizures and Status Epilepticus |
49 |
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Outcome |
54 |
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Conclusions |
54 |
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4 |
Generalized Weakness in
the Intensive Care Unit |
59 |
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General
Considerations |
60 |
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Disorders
of the Spinal Cord |
60 |
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Disorders
of Peripheral Nerves |
61 |
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Disorders
of the Neuromuscular Junction |
64 |
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Disorders
of Skeletal Muscle |
65 |
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Conclusions |
69 |
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PART 2 |
NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE
UNITS AND TRANSPLANTATION UNITS |
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5 |
Neurologic Complications of
Invasive Procedures in the Intensive Care Unit |
75 |
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Neurotoxicity of Radiologic Contrast Agents |
75 |
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Cholesterol
Embolization |
76 |
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Air
Embolism |
78 |
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Neurologic Complications
Associated with Specific Procedures |
79 |
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Conclusions |
89 |
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6 |
Neurologic Manifestations of
Acute Bacterial Infections and Sepsis |
95 |
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Bacterial
Meningitis |
95 |
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Spinal
Epidural Abscess |
100 |
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Infective
Endocarditis |
102 |
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Clostridial
Syndromes |
109 |
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Sepsis |
113 |
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Conclusions |
116 |
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7 |
Neurologic Manifestations of
Viral Outbreaks |
122 |
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122 |
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Tick-Borne
Encephalitis |
126 |
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Influenza
Pandemics |
127 |
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Conclusions |
130 |
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8 |
Neurologic Complications of
Cardiac Arrest |
132 |
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General
Considerations in Resuscitation Medicine |
133 |
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Postresuscitation Encephalopathy |
135 |
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Supportive
Care |
145 |
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Specific
Treatment and Therapeutic Hypothermia |
146 |
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Conclusions |
149 |
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9 |
Neurologic Manifestations of
Acid-Base Derangements, Electrolyte Disorders, and Endocrine Crises |
154 |
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Acid-Base
Disorders |
154 |
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Electrolyte
Disorders |
158 |
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Endocrine
Emergencies |
171 |
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Conclusions |
179 |
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10 |
Neurologic Complications of Acute
Renal Disease |
187 |
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Uremic Encephalopathy |
187 |
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Dialysis
Dysequilibrium Syndrome |
190 |
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Posterior
Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (Pres) |
192 |
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Neuromuscular
Disorders |
197 |
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Conclusions |
199 |
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11 |
Neurologic Manifestations of
Acute Hepatic Failure |
204 |
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General
Considerations |
204 |
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Hepatic
Encephalopathy |
205 |
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Brain
Edema in Fulminant
Hepatic Failure |
211 |
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Conclusions |
217 |
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12 |
Neurologic Complications
Associated with Disorders of Thrombosis and Hemostasis |
221 |
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General
Considerations |
221 |
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Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation |
222 |
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Thrombolysis and Anticoagulation |
224 |
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Neoplastic Coagulopathies |
228 |
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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
229 |
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Conclusions |
231 |
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13 |
Neurologic Complications of Acute
Vasculitic Syndromes |
236 |
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General
Considerations |
236 |
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Large
Vessel Vasculitis |
238 |
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Polyarteritis Nodosa |
238 |
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Churg-Strauss Syndrome |
242 |
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Wegener’s Granulomatosis |
243 |
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Drug-Induced
Vasculitis |
245 |
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Conclusions |
245 |
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14 |
Neurologic Complications in the
Critically Ill Pregnant Patient |
249 |
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Neurolocy of Pregnancy |
249 |
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Eclampsia |
250 |
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Hellp Syndrome |
254 |
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Amniottc Fluid Embolism |
255 |
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Neurologic Complications of Tocolytic Agents |
257 |
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Conclusions |
257 |
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15 |
Neurologic Complications of
Aortic Surgery |
260 |
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Scope
of the Problem |
261 |
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Vascular
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord |
263 |
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Neurologic Features of Spinal
Cord Infarction |
265 |
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Diagnostic
Evaluation of Spinal Cord Infarction |
266 |
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Therapeutic
Options |
269 |
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Plexopathies |
269 |
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Aortic
Dissection |
270 |
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Conclusions |
272 |
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16 |
Neurologic Complications of
Cardiac Surgery |
276 |
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General
Considerations |
276 |
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Ischemic
Stroke |
280 |
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Neuropsychologic
Impairment |
288 |
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Retinal
Damage |
289 |
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Peripheral
Nerve Damage |
290 |
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Conclusions |
291 |
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17 |
Neurologic Complications of Acute
Environmental Injuries |
297 |
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Thermal
Burns |
297 |
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Smoke
Inhalation |
301 |
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Electrical
Burns |
303 |
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Lightning
Injury |
304 |
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Accidental Hypothermia |
306 |
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Heat
Stroke |
308 |
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Near-Drowning |
309 |
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Conclusions |
311 |
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18 |
Neurologic Complications of Drug
Overdose, Poisoning, and Terrorism |
316 |
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The
Presenting Emergency and Principles of Treatment |
317 |
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Specific
Poisonings |
318 |
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Biological
and Chemical Warfare |
327 |
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Conclusions |
331 |
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19 |
Neurologic Complications of Multisystem Trauma |
334 |
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Clinical
Spectrum of Head Injury |
335 |
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Neuroradiologic
Findings in Head Injury |
336 |
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General
Principles Ok Management |
341 |
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Management
of Increased Intracranial Pressure |
344 |
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Management
of Traumatic Intracranial Hematomas |
347 |
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Management
of War-Related Brain Inury |
348 |
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Management
of Traumatic Cerebral Aneurysm |
349 |
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Trauma
of Spine and Spinal, Cord |
349 |
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Acute
Spinal Cord Injury |
355 |
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Post-Traumatic
Neuropathies Associated with Fractures |
359 |
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Fat
Embolism Syndrome |
361 |
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Conclusions |
362 |
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20 |
Neurologic Complications of Organ
Transplantation |
369 |
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Surgical
Techniques of Organ Transplantation |
369 |
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Neurologic Complications in
Transplant Recipients |
373 |
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Neurologic Complications of Graft-Versus-Host Disease |
394 |
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Conclusions |
396 |
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PART 3 |
OUTCOME IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CATASTROPHES |
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21 |
Outcome of Acute Injury
to the Central Nervous System |
405 |
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Description
of Outcome Categories |
406 |
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Outcome
in Encephalopathies |
407 |
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Outcome
in Stroke |
412 |
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Outcome
in Head Injury |
414 |
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Outcome
in Traumatic Spine Injury |
416 |
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Outcome
in Central Nervous System Infections |
416 |
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Conclusions |
416 |
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PART 4 |
THE CLINICAL PRACTICE OF CONSULTATIVE NEUROLOGY IN THE INTENSIVE
CARE UNIT |
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22 |
The Neurologist
Consulting in the Intensive Care Unit |
423 |
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Preparation
and History Taking |
423 |
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Common
Requests for Consults in the ICU |
425 |
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Role
of the Neurologist in Family Conferences |
440 |
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Conclusions |
441 |
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23 |
The Neurologist and
End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit |
443 |
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General
Considerations |
444 |
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Legal
Aspects of Withdrawal of Treatment |
444 |
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Decisions
in Withdrawal of Treatment |
445 |
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Withdrawal
of Treatment |
445 |
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Withdrawal
of Treatment in Special Neurologic
Circumstances |
447 |
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Brain
Death and Organ Donation |
448 |
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Cardiac
Death and Organ Donation |
449 |
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Conclusions |
449 |
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Index |
453 |
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