List of Contributors

xiii

List of Abbreviations

xv

PART I

WHAT IS HEART FAILURE?

1

What is Heart Failure?   Andrew L. Clark

3

2

Heart Failure Syndromes   Andrew L. Clark

8

PART II

EPIDEMIOLOGY

3

The Epidemiology of Heart Failure   Kaushik Guha and Theresa A. McDonough

19

PART III

THE AETIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE

4

The Classical Causes of Heart Failure   Roy S. Gardner and Colette E. Jackson

29

5

The Genetics of Heart Failure   Giuseppe Limongelli and Perry M. Elliott

39

6

Metabolic Heart Failure   Stanley H. Korman and Andre Keren

55

7

Adult Congenital Heart Disease   L. Swan

70

8

Infective and Infiltrative Causes of Heart Failure   Roy S. Gardner and Andrew L. Clark

77

9

Latrogenic Heart Failure   Martin Denvir

92

PART IV

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE: CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CHANGES

10

Intracellular Calcium Handling in Heart Failure   Godfrey L. Smith and Rachel C. Myles

103

11

Myocardial Energetics   Peter H. Sugden and Stephen J. Fuller

110

12

The Failing Cardiomyocyte   Alexander Lyon and Sian Harding

119

PARTV

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE

13

The Pathophysiology of Heart Failure   Theresa A. McDonough and Henry J. Dargie

133

14

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides and Heart Failure   Theresa A. McDonough

144

15

Vasopressin   Benjamin R. Szwejkowski, Sushma Rekhraj, and Allan Struthers

153

16

Cytokines and Inflammatory Markers   Stamatis Adamopoulos, Panagiota Georgiadou, and Vassilios Voudris

157

PART VI

THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEART FAILURE

17

Diagnosing Heart Failure   Henry J. Dargie and Theresa A. McDonagh

171

PART VII

NONINVASIVE INVESTIGATION

18

Basic Investigation of Heart Failure   Roy S. Gardner

177

19

Echocardiography   Alison Duncan

185

20

Nuclear Medicine in Heart Failure   Pushan Bharadwaj and S. Richard Underwood

203

21

Heart Failure Imaged by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging   C. Parsai and S.K. Prasad

213

22

CT Imaging Techniques   Joanne D. Schuijf, Laurens F.Tops, and Jeroen J. Bax

225

23

Metabolic Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure   Klaus K. Witte

232

PART VIII

INVASIVE INVESTIGATION

24

Invasive Investigation   Roy S. Gardner

249

PART IX

PROGNOSTICATION

25

Prognostication   Roy S. Gardner

265

PART X

COMORBIDITIES: THE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND …

26

Diastolic Heart Failure   Andrew L. Clark

231

27

Right Heart Failure   Andrew L. Clark

289

28

Anaemia   Peter Van Der Meer and Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen

297

29

Renal Dysfunction   Darren Green and Philip A. Kalra

304

30

Chronic Lung Disease   Michael Greenstone, Simon P Hart, and Nathaniel M. Hawkins

313

31

Pulmonary Hypertension   T.J. Corte and S.J. Wort

321

32

Diabetes Mellitus   Andrew Jamieson

329

33

Valvular Heart Disease   Gregory Ducroq, Bernard Lung, and Alec Vahanian

340

34

Sleep-Disordered Breathing   Anita K. Simonds

352

35

Arthritis   Nicola L. Walker and Anne McEntegart

359

36

Arrhythmias   Ashley M. Nisbet and Derek T. Connelly

369

PART XI

MEDICAL THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

37

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Vasodilators   Lain Squire and Andrew L. Clark

385

38

β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists and Heart Failure   Henry J. Dargie and Desmond Fitzgerald

392

39

Aldosterone Antagonists   Sushma Rekhraj, Benjamin R. Szwejkowski, and Allan Struthers

402

40

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers   John J.V. McMurray

409

41

Therapeutic Control of Fluid Balance in Chronic Heart Failure   Andrew L. Clark, Alison P. Coletta, and John G.F. Cleland

419

42

Digoxin   Andrew J.S. Coats

431

43

Antithrombotic Agents   John G.F. Cleland, Azam Torabi, Jufen Zhang, and Raj K. Chelliah

437

PART XII

MEDICAL THERAPY FOR ACUTE HEART FAILURE

44

Inotropes, Pressors, and Vasodilators   Susanna Price and Shahana Uddin

449

PART XIII

NONPHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

45

Cardiac Rehabilitation and Chronic Heart Failure   Massimo F. Piepoli and Andrew L. Clark

459

46

Nonpharmacological Management   Lynda Blue and Yvonne Millerick

469

PART XIV

DEVICE THERAPY FOR HEART FAILURE

47

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Heart Failure   Rachel C. Myles and Derek T. Connelly

479

48

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy   Badrinathan Chandrasekaran and Peter J. Cowburn

495

PART XV

SURGICAL THERAPY FOR HEART FAILURE

49

Heart Transplantation   Nicholas R. Banner, Andre R. Simon, and Margaret M. Burke

513

50

Revascularization and Remodelling Surgery   John R. Pepper

529

51

Ventricular Assist Devices, Including Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps   Emma J. Birks and Mark S. Slaughter

537

52

Mitral Valve Surgery in Heart Failure   Andrew Murday

547

PART XVI

VENTILATORY STRATEGIES IN HEART FAILURE

53

Ventilatory Strategies in Acute Heart Failure   Mhamed Mebazaa and Alexandre Mebazaa

553

PART XVII

DISEASE MANAGEMENT

54

Multidisciplinary Heart Failure Management Programmes   Ali Vazir and Suzanna Hardman

559

55

End of Life   Miriam Johnson

568

56

Monitoring   Jillian P. Riley and Martin R. Cowie

576

PART XVIII

FUTURE THERAPIES

57

The Future   Andrew L. Clark, Henry J. Dargie, Roy S. Gardner, and Theresa A. McDonagh

587

Index

591