PART I

SONOGRAPHY PRINCIPLES AND INSTRUMENTATION

1

1

Patient Care, Safety, and Communication

2

2

Physics Principles

14

3

Ultrasound Transducers

27

4

Pulse-Echo Instrumentation

38

5

Doppler Instrumentation and Hemodynamics

55

6

Quality Assurance, Quality Control of Equipment

66

Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Mock Exam

73

PART II

ABDOMEN

83

7

Liver

84

8

Biliary System

103

9

Pancreas

119

10

Urinary System

132

11

Spleen

154

12

Retroperitoneum

166

13

Abdominial Vasculature

180

14

Gastrointestinal Tract

194

15

Superficial Structures: Breast, Abdominal Wall, and Musculoskeletal Sonography

208

16

Scrotum and Prostate

225

17

Neck

240

18

Peritoneum, Noncardiac Chest, and Invasive Procedures

254

Abdomen Mock Exam

267

PART III

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

291

19

Pelvic Anatomy

292

20

Physiology of the Female Pelvis

311

21

Uterine and Ovarian Pathology

326

22

Adnexal Pathology and Infertility

337

23

Assessment of the First Trimester

348

24

Assessment of the Second Trimester

364

25

Assessment of the Third Trimester

376

26

Fetal Abnormalities

386

27

Complications in Pregnancy

399

28

Placenta and Umbilical Cord

410

29

Patient Care and Technique

423

Obstetrics and Gynecology Mock Exam

435

Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Answers

459

Abdomen Answers

472

Obstetrics and Gynecology Answers

503

Bibliography

525

Illustration Credits

526

CD Illustration Credits

527