Table of Contents
|
Introduction |
1 |
|
|
Anatomy |
2 |
|
|
Systemic Anatomy |
2 |
|
|
Regional Anatomy |
2 |
|
|
Developmental Anatomy |
2 |
|
|
Functional Anatomy |
2 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
2 |
|
|
Nomenclature |
3 |
|
|
Anatomical Position |
3 |
|
|
Planes and
Sections |
4 |
|
|
Sagittal |
4 |
|
|
Frontal or Coronal |
4 |
|
|
Transverse or
Horizontal |
4 |
|
|
Anatomical
Terms |
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
Anterior and
Posterior |
6 |
|
|
Medial, Lateral, and
Median |
6 |
|
|
Proximal and Distal |
10 |
|
|
External, Internal,
and Intermediate |
10 |
|
|
Parietal and Visceral |
10 |
|
|
Prone and Supine |
10 |
|
|
Ipsilateral, Contralateral,
and Bilateral |
10 |
|
|
Views and
Aspects |
10 |
|
|
Anatomical
Movement |
12 |
|
|
Flexion and Extension |
12 |
|
|
Abduction and
Adduction |
12 |
|
|
Elevation and
Depression |
12 |
|
|
Protrusion and Retrusion |
12 |
|
|
Supination and Pronation |
12 |
|
|
Vocabulary
Specific to Anatomy |
13 |
|
|
Primary
Tissues |
14 |
|
|
Epithelial Tissue
(Epithelium, Epithelia) |
14 |
|
|
Connective Tissue |
14 |
|
|
Muscular Tissue |
16 |
|
|
Nervous Tissue |
16 |
|
|
Terms
Relative to Bones |
17 |
|
|
Depressions |
17 |
|
|
Elevations |
20 |
|
|
PART 1 |
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM |
23 |
|
|
Overview |
25 |
|
|
Skeletal
Support for Respiration |
26 |
|
|
Vertebral Column |
26 |
|
|
Rib Cage (Ribs,
Cartilages, Sternum) |
30 |
|
|
Pectoral, Scapular,
or Shoulder Girdle |
30 |
|
|
Pelvic Girdle or
Bony Pelvis |
32 |
|
|
Respiratory
Tract |
34 |
|
|
Nasal Cavities |
34 |
|
|
Oral Cavity |
34 |
|
|
Pharynx |
34 |
|
|
Larynx |
34 |
|
|
Trachea |
38 |
|
|
Bronchi |
38 |
|
|
Lungs |
42 |
|
|
Pleura |
46 |
|
|
Respiratory
Muscles |
48 |
|
|
Principal Muscles of
Inspiration |
49 |
|
|
Accessory Muscles of
Inspiration |
56 |
|
|
Muscles of Expiration |
58 |
|
|
Respiratory
Volumes and Capacities |
70 |
|
|
Volumes |
70 |
|
|
Capacities |
70 |
|
|
Other Functional
Measures |
70 |
|
PART 2 |
PHONATORY
SYSTEM |
73 |
|
|
Overview |
75 |
|
|
Larynx |
76 |
|
|
Cartilages
of the Larynx |
78 |
|
|
Thyroid Cartilage |
78 |
|
|
Cricoid Cartilage |
78 |
|
|
Arytenoid Cartilages |
78 |
|
|
Corniculate, or Santorini’s,
Cartilages |
80 |
|
|
Cuneiform Cartilages |
80 |
|
|
Triticeal (Tritiate)
Cartilages |
80 |
|
|
Epiglottis |
80 |
|
|
Hyoid Bone |
81 |
|
|
Types of
Joints |
81 |
|
|
Ligaments
and Membranes |
82 |
|
|
Extrinsic Ligaments
and Membranes |
82 |
|
|
Intrinsic Ligaments
and Membranes |
83 |
|
|
Vocal Folds |
84 |
|
|
Tissue Layers of the
Vocal Folds |
88 |
|
|
Visual
Representation of the Classifications of Vocal Fold Layers |
89 |
|
|
Muscles of
the Larynx |
90 |
|
|
Intrinsic Muscles of
the Larynx |
90 |
|
|
Extrinsic Muscles of
the Larynx |
94 |
|
PART 3 |
ARTICULATORY SYSTEM |
105 |
|
|
Overview |
107 |
|
|
Cranial
Anatomy |
108 |
|
|
Cranium |
108 |
|
|
Facial Skeleton |
112 |
|
|
Sinuses |
116 |
|
|
Vocal Tract |
117 |
|
|
Pharyngeal Cavity |
117 |
|
|
Nasal Cavities |
120 |
|
|
Oral Cavity |
122 |
|
|
Tonsils |
124 |
|
|
Palate |
124 |
|
|
Tongue |
124 |
|
|
Salivary Glands |
126 |
|
|
Lips |
126 |
|
|
Teeth |
128 |
|
|
Muscles of
the Lips and Facial Expression |
132 |
|
|
Orbicularis Oris
Muscle |
132 |
|
|
Two Transverse
Muscles |
132 |
|
|
Five Angular Muscles |
134 |
|
|
Three Vertical
Muscles |
136 |
|
|
One Muscle
of the Neck |
137 |
|
|
Platysma Muscle |
137 |
|
|
Muscles of
the Tongue |
138 |
|
|
Intrinsic Muscles of
the Tongue |
138 |
|
|
Extrinsic Muscles of
the Tongue |
140 |
|
|
Muscles of
Mastication |
142 |
|
|
Temporomandibular Joint |
142 |
|
|
Three Jaw Closing
Muscles (Jaw Elevators) |
144 |
|
|
Four Jaw Opening
Muscles (Jaw Depressors) |
146 |
|
|
Muscles of
the Soft Palate |
150 |
|
|
Levator Veli
Palatini Muscle |
150 |
|
|
Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle |
150 |
|
|
Palatoglossus (Glossopalatine)
Muscle |
152 |
|
|
Palatopharyngeus Muscle |
152 |
|
|
Uvular Muscle (Musculus
Uvulae) |
152 |
|
|
Muscles of
the Pharynx |
153 |
|
|
Superior Pharyngeal
Constrictor Muscle |
153 |
|
|
Middle Pharyngeal
Constrictor Muscle |
153 |
|
|
Inferior Pharyngeal
Constrictor Muscle |
153 |
|
|
Salpingopharyngeus Muscle |
155 |
|
|
Stylopharyngeus Muscle |
155 |
|
|
Velopharyngeal Mechanism |
155 |
|
|
Esophagus |
158 |
|
|
Upper Esophageal, or
Inferior Pharyngeal, Sphincter |
158 |
|
|
Primary Esophageal
Peristalsis |
158 |
|
|
Lower Esophageal
Sphincter |
158 |
|
PART 4 |
AUDITORY SYSTEM |
169 |
|
|
Overview |
171 |
|
|
Anatomical
Divisions of the Ear |
172 |
|
|
Outer Ear |
174 |
|
|
Middle Ear |
178 |
|
|
Inner Ear and
Vestibular System |
184 |
|
|
Scala Media, or Cochlear
Duct |
190 |
|
|
Cochlear
Afferent and Efferent Innervation |
194 |
|
|
Afferent Innervation |
194 |
|
|
Afferent Central
Auditory Pathway |
195 |
|
|
Efferent Central
Auditory Pathway (Auditory Centrifugal Pathway) |
198 |
|
PART 5 |
NERVOUS SYSTEM |
199 |
|
|
Overview |
201 |
|
|
Neuroanatomical Terms of Direction |
202 |
|
|
Telencephalon (Cerebral Hemispheres or Cerebrum and Basal Ganglia) |
203 |
|
|
Surface Structures |
203 |
|
|
Internal Structures
of the Cerebral Hemispheres |
210 |
|
|
Basal Ganglia |
210 |
|
|
Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus, and Subthalamus) |
212 |
|
|
Characteristic
Features |
212 |
|
|
Importance for
Speech and Swallowing |
212 |
|
|
Mesencephalon (Midbrain) |
213 |
|
|
Characteristic
Features |
213 |
|
|
Importance for
Speech and Swallowing |
213 |
|
|
Metencephalon (Pons
and Cerebellum) |
214 |
|
|
Characteristic
Features |
214 |
|
|
Importance for
Speech and Swallowing |
214 |
|
|
Myelencephalon (Medulla Oblongata) |
214 |
|
|
Characteristic
Features |
214 |
|
|
Importance for
Speech and Swallowing |
214 |
|
|
Brainstem
Pattern-Generating Circuitry |
214 |
|
|
Spinal Cord |
216 |
|
|
Characteristic
Features |
216 |
|
|
Internal Structures |
216 |
|
|
Cerebellum |
218 |
|
|
Characteristic
Features |
218 |
|
|
Importance for
Speech and Swallowing |
219 |
|
|
Meninges |
222 |
|
|
Dura Mater |
222 |
|
|
Arachnoid Mater |
222 |
|
|
Pia Mater |
222 |
|
|
Cerebrospinal
Fluid |
224 |
|
|
Cerebral
Vasculature |
227 |
|
|
Cranial
Nerves |
232 |
|
|
Types of Cranial
Nerve Fibers |
234 |
|
I |
Olfactory (Sensory) |
236 |
|
II |
Optic (Sensory) |
236 |
|
III |
Oculomotor (Motor) |
237 |
|
IV |
Trochlear (Motor) |
237 |
|
V |
Trigeminal (Motor and Sensory) |
238 |
|
VI |
Abducens (Motor) |
240 |
|
VII |
Facial (Motor and Sensory) |
240 |
|
VIII |
Vestibulocochlear (Sensory) |
242 |
|
IX |
Glossopharyngeal (Motor and Sensory) |
244 |
|
X |
Vagus, or Pneumogastric,
Nerve (Motor and Sensory) |
246 |
|
XI |
Accessory (Motor) |
248 |
|
XII |
Hypoglossal (Motor) |
250 |
|
Index |
253 |
|