Table of Contents

 

 

 

SECTION I

PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE: THE DISCIPLINE

 

1

History of Pediatric Critical Care    Daniel L Levin and I. David Todres

3

2

The Intensivist in the New Hospital Environment: Patient Care and Stewardship of Hospital Resources    Margaret M. Parker

20

3

The Nurse in Pediatric Critical Care    Patricia A. Molotiey-Harmon and Martha A.Q. Curley

23

4

Research in Pediatric Critical Care    Randall C. Wetzel and Carol E. Nicholson

31

5

Proving the Point: Evidence-Based Medicine in Pediatric Critical Care    R. Scott Watson, Mary E. Hartman, and Derek C. Angus

54

6

Outcomes in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: Implications for Health Services Research and Patient Care    Anthony D, Slonim, Fames P. Martin, and Murray M, Pollack

59

7

Safety and Quality Assessment in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit    Matthew C. Scanlon and Martin K. Wakeham

67

8

Information Technology in Critical Care    Steven Pon, Barry Markovitz, Carl Weigh, and Brian Jacobs

75

9

Family-Centered Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit    Debra Ann Ridling, Mithya Lewis-Newby, and Daphne Lindsey

92

10

Ethics in Pediatric Intensive Care    Joel E. Frader and Kelly Michelson

102

11

Ethical Issues in Death and Dying    Norman Fast

110

12

Palliative Care    Jeffrey Burns and Cynda H. Rushton

115

13

The Process of Organ Donation and Pediatric Donor Management    Thomas A. Nakagawa and Steven S. Mou

122

14

Pediatric Transport: Shifting the Paradigm to Improve Patient Outcome    Kate Felmet, Richard A, Orr, Yong Y. Han, and Kimberly R. Roth

132

15

Pediatric Vascular Access and Centeses    Stephen M. Schexnayder, Elizabeth A. Storm, Michael H. Stroud, Michelc M. Moss, Ashley S. Ross, Richard T. Fiser, Muayyad Taitowiie, and Xiomara Garcia-Casal

139

16

Pediatric Intensive Care in Developing Countries   Frank Shann, Andrew C. Argent, and Suchitra Ranjit

164

17

Educating the Intensivist    Mary W. Lieh-Lai, Denisem. Goodman, Melinda Fiedor Hamilton, and Kevin M. Valentine

179

18

Critical Care in Public Health Emergencies    Robert K. Kanter

190

SECTION II

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 

19

Structure and Function of the Heart    V. Ben Sivarajan, Steven M. Schwartz, Andjulien I.E. Hoffman

199

20

Regional Circulation    Peter Oishi, Julien I.E. Hoffman, Bradley P. Fuhrman, and Jeffrey R. Fineman

217

21

Principles of Invasive Monitoring    Jeremy S. Hertzig, Jacqueline M. Evans, and Kenneth A. Schenkman

234

22

Assessment of Cardiovascular Function    Melvirt C. Almodovar, Thomas J. Kulik, and John R. Charpie

246

23

Echocardiography and Noninvasive Diagnosis    James C. Huhta

255

24

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiac Catheterization    Peter C. Laussen and Joshua Salvin

266

25

Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System    Marc G. Sturgill, Michael Kelly, and Daniel A. Notterman

277

26

Cardiopulmonary Interactions    Bradley P. Fuhrman

306

27

Myocardial Dysfunction, Ventricular Assist Devices, and Extracorporeal Life Support    Cherissa Hanson, Keith C. Kocis, and Ana Lía Gratiano

319

28

Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm    Frank A. Fish, Prince J. Kannankeril, and James A. Johns

338

29

Shock States    Lincoln S. Smith and Lynn J. Hernan

364

30

Cardiac Bypass for Repair of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants and Children   J. William Caynor and Darryl H. Berkowitz

379

31

Critical Care After Surgery for Congenital Cardiac Disease    Alexandre J. Rotta, Peter C. Laussen, and David L Wessel

401

32

Cardiac Transplantation    F. Jay Fricker

441

33

Physiologic Foundations of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation    Adnan M. Bakar, Kenneth E. Remy, and Charles L. Schleien

449

34

Performance of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants and Children    Robert M. Sutton, Robert A, Berg, and Vinay Nadkarni

474

SECTION III

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 

35

Structure and Development of the Upper Respiratory System in Infants and Children    Linda Brodsky

485

36

Structure of the Respiratory System: Lower Respiratory Tract    Christopher A. D’Angelis, Jacqueline J. Coalson, and Rita M. Ryan

490

37

Physiology of the Respiratory System    Mark J. Heulitt and Katherine C. Clement

499

38

Control of Breathing and Acute Respiratory Failure    Robert K. Kanter

509

39

Assessment and Monitoring of Respiratory Function    Emily L. Dobyns

515

40

Overview of Breathing Failure    Katherine Biagas, Navyn Naran, and Bradley P. Fuhrman

520

41

Ventilation/Perfusion Inequality    Thomas V. Brogan and David J. Vaughan

528

42

Mechanical Dysfunction of the Respiratory System   J. Julio Pérez Fontán and Joel B. Steinberg

534

43

Noninvasive Monitoring in Children    Sally E. Rampersad, Kenneth A. Schenkman, and Lynn D. Martin

550

44

Specific Diseases of the Respiratory System: Upper Airway    David Jardine, Omar J. Bhutto, and Andrew Inglis

561

45

Asthma    Alexandra T. Rotta, Veda L. Ackerman, and Howard Eigen

575

46

Neonatal Respiratory Disease    Waleed Maamoun, Amber E. Fort, and James J. Cummings

590

47

Pneumonitis and Interstitial Disease    Jeffrey C. Benson, Daiva Parakininkas, and Tom B. Rice

609

48

Diseases of Pulmonary Circulation    Satyan Lakshminrusimha and Vasanth H. Kumar

632

49

Mechanical Ventilation and Respiratory Care    Shekhar T. Venkataraman

657

50

Noninvasive Ventilation: Concepts and Practice    Shekhar T. Venkataraman

689

51

Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury    Jean-Damien Ricard, Didierdreyfuss, Alexandre T. Rotta, and Georges Saumon

697

52

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Children    Stéphane Dauger, Philippe Durand, Eiienne Javouey, and Jean-Christophe Mercier

706

53

Extracorporeal Life Support    Heidi J. Dalton and Sharad Menon

717

SECTION IV

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

54

Pediatric Neurocritical Care    Michael J. Bell

741

55

Pediatric Neurologic Assessment and Monitoring    Marks. Wainwright

746

56

Neuroimaging    Paritosh C. Khanna and Dennis W.W. Shaw

759

57

Structure, Function, and Development of the Nervous System    Mish Shoykhet and Robert S.B. Clark

783

58

Coma and Depressed Sensorium    Tony Pearson-Shaver and Renuka Mehta

805

59

Intracranial Hypertension and Brain Monitoring    Robert C. Tasker and Marek Czosnyka

822

60

Status Epilepticus    Cecil D, Hahn, Sam D. Shemie, and Elizabeth J. Donner

837

61

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants and Children    Patrick M. Kochanek, Michael J. Belt, Hülya Bayir, Michael J. Forbes, Randall Ruppel, P. David Adelson, and Robert S.B. Clark

849

62

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Pathobiology and Therapy of the Post-Resuscitation Syndrome in Children    Ericka L Fink, Robert S.B. Clark, and Patrick M. Kochanek

871

63

Stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage    Stuart Friess and Rebecca Jchord

893

64

Acute Neuromuscular Diseases and Disorders    Maria B. Weimer, James J. Reese, Jr., and Ann H. Tilton

907

65

Central Nervous System Infections Presenting to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit    Marke. Rowin, Erin P. Reade, and John C. Christenson

918

SECTION V

RENAL, ENDOCRINE, AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMS

 

66

Renal Structure and Function   Maury N. Pinsk and Victoria F, Norwood

935

67

Fluid and Electrolyte Issues in Pediatric Critical Illness    Robert E. Lynch and Ellen G. Wood

944

68

Acid-Base Balance and Disorders    Hector Carrillo-Lopez, Adrian Chavez, and Alberto Jarillo-Quijada

963

69

Tests of Kidney Function in Children   Ayesa N. Mian and George J. Schwartz

998

70

Renal Pharmacology   Douglas L. Blowey

1009

71

Glomerulotubular Dysfunction and Acute Kidney Injury   Surender Rajasekaran, Norma J. Maxvold, and J. Timothy E. Bunchman

1016

72

Pediatric Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit   Jordan M. Symons and Stuartl. Goldstein

1036

73

Hypertension in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit    Ronald C. Sanders Jr., Arno Zaritsky, and Karen McNiece-Redwine

1043

74

Cellular Respiration    Jerry J. Zimmerman, Amélie Von Saint André-Von Arnim, and Jerry McLaughlin

1058

75

Nutrient Metabolism and Nutrition Therapy during Critical Illness   Nilesh M. Mehta

1073

76

Inborn Errors of Metabolism    Laurie Smith and Cary O. Harding

1089

77

Common Endocrinopathies in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit   Kalia P. Ulate and Jerry J. Zimmerman

1105

78

Diabetic Ketoacidosis    Catherine Pihoker, Ildiko H. Koves, and Nicole S. Glaser

1124

79

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic – Organs   Seth J. Corey and Julie Blatt

1131

80

Thrombosis in Pediatric Intensive Care    John Roy and Paul Monagle

1140

81

Hematology and Oncology Problems in the Intensive Care Unit   Francois P. Aspesberro, Joan S. Roberts, and Thomas V. Brogan

1151

82

Transfusion Medicine    Jacques Lacroix, Marisa Tucci, Alan Tinmouth, France Gauvin, and Oliver Karam

1162

83

Critical Illness Involving Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation    Jennifer A. McArthur, Barbara Bambach, Christine Duncan, Julie-An Talano, and Robert T. Tamburro Jr.

1177

84

Hemoglobinopathies    M.A. Bender and Katie R. Nielsen

1191

85

Gastrointestinal Structure and Function    Lee M. Bass and David M. Steinhom

1207

86

Disorders and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver    Scottie B. Day and Samuel A. Kocoshis

1221

87

Gastrointestinal Pharmacology    Louis, L. Bystrak, Ann Marie Heine, Kelly Michienzi, and Sasko D. Stojanovski

1234

88

Acute Liver Failure, Liver Transplantation, and Extracorporeal Liver Support    David M. Steinhom, Estellam. Alonso, and Timothy E. Bunchman

1248

89

Acute Abdomen    Robert Sawin

1259

SECTION VI

IMMUNITY AND INFECTION

 

90

The Innate Immune System    Rachel S. Agbeko and Mark J. Peters

1267

91

Infection and Host Response    Mary Michele Mariscalco

1274

92

Congenital Immunodeficiencies    M. Teresa De La Morena

1292

93

Acquired Immune Dysfunction    Gwenn E. McLaughlin and Andrew C. Argent

1302

94

Bacterial Infection, Antimicrobial Use, and Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit    John S. Bradley, Christopher R. Cannavino, Deborah E. Franzon, and Susan Duthie

1315

95

Life-Threatening Viral Diseases and their Treatment    Nicole H. Tobin, Angela J.P. Campbell, Danielle M. Zerr, and Ann J. Melvin

1324

96

Infectious Syndromes in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit    Sonny Dhanani and Peter N. Cox

1336

97

Health Care-Associated Infection in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Epidemiology and Control— Keeping Patients Safe    Tracie Northway, Joanne M. Langley, and Peter Skippen

1349

98

Autoimmune Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Life-Threatening Complications    Jonna D, Clark and Helen M. Emery

1364

99

Genomic and Proteomic Medicine in Critical Care    David Jardine, Mary K, Dahmer, and Michael Quasney

1377

100

Molecular Foundations of Cellular Injury: Necrosis, Apoptosis, and Autophagy    Jared T. Muenzer and Craig M. Coopersmith

1387

101

Endotheliopathy    Yves Ouellette and Jan A. Hazelzet

1394

102

Neuroendocrine-Lmmune Mediator Coordination and Disarray in Critical Illness    Kate Felmet and Joseph A. Carcillo

1403

103

Sepsis    Hector R. Wong, Jeffrey E. Nowak, Stephen W. Standage, and Cláudio Flauzino de Oliveira

1413

104

Inflammation and Immunity: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, Acute Lung Injury, and Multiple Organ Failure    Joseph A. Carcillo, Yongy. Han, Lesley Doughty, Mark Hall, Trung Nguyen, and Raj K. Aneja

1430

SECTION VII

ENVIRONMENTAL, HAZARDS, TRAUMA, PHARMACOLOGY, AND ANESTHESIA

 

105

Principles of Toxin Assessment and Screening    Alan D. Woolf

1441

106

Toxidromes and their Treatment    Ashley N. Webb and Prashant Joshi

1451

107

Bites and Stings    Sean P. Bush

1463

108

Heat Injury    Ofer Yanay and Eli Gilad

1472

109

Accidental Hypothermia    Bjorn Gunnarsson and Christopher M.B. Heard

1477

110

Drowning    Mary W. Lieh-Lai, Apt A. Sarnaik, Andashok P. Sarnaik

1480

111

Burn and Inhalation Injuries    Kevin R. Kasten, Amy T, Makley, and Richard J. Kagan

1489

112

Evaluation, Stabilization, and Initial Management After Multiple Trauma    Steven Elliott and Randall S. Burd

1500

113

Child Abuse and Neglect    Paula M. Mazur, James J. Woytash, and Lynn], Hernan

1512

114

Thoracic Injuries in Children    Maurkioa. Escobar Jr. and Michael G. Caty

1520

115

Abdominal Trauma in Pediatric Critical Care    Christopher P. Coppola and James C. Gilbert

1528

116

Principles of Drug Disposition in the Critically Iii Child    Jeffrey L. Blunter

1538

117

Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Actions: from Receptors to Effectors    Catherine Litalien and Pierre Beaulieu

1553

118

Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug-Drug Interactions    Wade W. Benton, Adam W. Brothers, Christa C. Jefferis Kirk, Cretchen A. Linggilrby, and Christopher M. Rubino

1569

119

Airway Management    Ann E. Thompson Androsanne Salonia

1590

120

Organ System Considerations that Affect Anesthetic Management    Antonio Cassara and Peter J. Davis

1614

121

Anesthesia Principles and Operating Room Anesthesia Regimens    Joseph D, Tobias

1625

122

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents    Joseph D. Tobias

1638

123

Sedation and Analgesia    Christopher M.B. Heard and James E. Fletcher

1654

124

Malignant Hyperthermia    Barbara W. Brandom and Mihaela Visoiu

1682