PART I

INTRODUCTION TO PAIN CONTROL

1

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: An Introduction   Christine N. Nathe RDH, MS

3

2

Neurophysiology   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

14

PART II

LOCAL AND TOPICAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS

3

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

35

4

Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

50

5

Local Anesthetic Agents   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

61

Appendix 5-1

Summary of Amide Local Anesthetic Agents and Vasoconstrictors

90

6

Topical Anesthetic Agents   Diana M. Burnham RDH, MS

91

PART III

PATIENT ASSESSMENT

7

Preanesthetic Assessment   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

107

Appendix 7-1

Sample Medical History Form in English/Spanish

125

Appendix 7-2

Antibiotic Premedication Guidelines for Professional Oral Healthcare

128

8

Determining Drug Doses   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

129

Appendix 8-1

Summary of Local Anesthetics Agents and Vasoconstrictors

141

Appendix 8-2

Dosing Information for Regional Board Examinations Requiring Calculations Based on 1.7 ML of Solution

142

PART IV

LOCAL ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE DENTAL HYGIENIST

9

Armamentarium/Syringe Preparation   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

151

10

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia   Margaret Fehrenbach, RDH, MS

177

11

Basic Injection Techniques   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

201

Appendix 11-1

Sharps Management: CDC Guidelines for Infection Control in the Dental Health Care Setting

219

Appendix 11-2

Safe and Unsafe Needle Recapping Techniques

221

12

Maxillary Nerve Anesthesia   Margaret Fehrenbach, RDH, MS and Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

224

Appendix 12-1

Summary of Maxillary Injections

268

13

Mandibular Nerve Anesthesia   Margaret Fehrenbach, RDH, MS and Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

271

Appendix 13-1

Summary of Mandibular Injections

306

PART V

COMPLICATIONS, LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND RISK MANAGEMENT

14

Local Anesthetic Complications   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

311

15

Legal Considerations and Risk Management   Demetra Daskalos Logothetis RDH, MS

336

Glossary

347

Index

355