Preface

vii

Acknowledgments

ix

1

Introduction

1

2

Ultrasound and Imaging

5

3

Doppler Ultrasound

23

4

Creation of a Color Flow Image

35

5

Blood Flow and its Appearance on Color Flow Imaging

49

6

Factors that Influence the Doppler Spectrum

65

7

Optimizing the Scan

77

8

Ultrasound Assessment of the Extracranial Cerebral Circulation

87

9

Duplex Assessment of Lower-Limb Arterial Disease

117

10

Duplex Assessment of Upper-Limb Arterial Disease

143

11

Duplex Assessment of Aneurysms and Endovascular Repair

155

12

Vascular Ultrasound of Abdominal Aortic Branches (Colin Deane)

175

13

Anatomy of the Lower-Limb Venous System and Assessment of Venous Insufficiency (Tim Hartshorne and David Goss)

193

14

Duplex Assessment of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Upper-Limb Venous Disorders (Tim Hartshorne and David Goss)

233

15

Graft Surveillance and Preoperative Vein Mapping for Bypass Surgery

255

16

Ultrasound of Hemodialysis Access (Colin Deane)

275

Appendix A

Decibel Scale

293

Appendix B

Sensitivity and Specificity

295

Index

297