9780521756198

Table of Contents


	Contributing Editors	xi
	Contributing Authors	xiii
	Special Thanks	xv
	Letter from the Associate Editor	xvii
	How to Use this Book	xix
	Oral Boards Tips for Success	xxi
PART I	GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION 1	MONITORS, CIRCUITS, AND MACHINES
1	Standard ASA Monitors Karl Wagner	3
2	Pulse Oximetry Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	4
3	Capnography Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	5
4	Electrocardiogram (EKG) Karl Wagner	7
5	Blood Pressure Monitoring Karl Wagner	9
6	Indications, Complications, and Waveforms for an Arterial Line, Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC), and Central Venous Pressure Monitor (CVP) Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	10
7	False Measurements in Thermodilution Cardiac Output Readings Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	15
8	Intra-Operative Transesophageal Echocardiography Donald M. Voltz	16
9	Types of Anesthesia Circuits Karl Wagner	19
SECTION 2	ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES
10	Sodium Jennifer Eismon	22
11	Potassium Jennifer Eismon	28
12	Calcium Melvyn J.Y. Chin and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	34
13	Magnesium Melvyn J. Y. Chin and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	37
SECTION 3	ANESTHETIC MEDICATION
14	Intravenous (IV) Anesthetics Varun Dixit and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	41
15	Inhalational Anesthetics Andrew M. Bauer and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	45
PART II	ANESTHETIC-RELATED CRITICAL EVENTS AND INFORMATION
SECTION 1	RESPIRATORY, AIRWAY, AND VENTILATOR MANAGEMENT
16	Hypoxemia and Hypercarbia Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	49
17	Indications for Intubation and Extubation Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	51
18	The Difficult Airway Jeffrey A. Brown and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	52
19	Dyspnea and Tachypnea Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	56
20	Wheezing Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	58
21	Laryngospasm Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	61
22	Stridor Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	62
23	Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Norman Bolden	63
24	Post-Operative Mechanical Ventilation Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	65
25	High-Frequency Jet Ventilation Ryan J. Gunselman and Donald M. Voltz	67
26	One Lung Ventilation Kasia Petelenz Rubin	70
SECTION 2	CARDIAC, THORACIC, AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA
27	Hypotension Robert C. Lee and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	74
28	Hypertension (HTN) Robert C. Lee and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	76
29	Arrhythmias Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	79
30	Cardiac Conduction Blocks Cristian M. Prada	86
31	Acute Coronary Syndrome Cristian M. Prada and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	90
32	Embolism Cristian M. Prada	95
33	Cardiac Tamponade Cristian M. Prada	101
34	Current ACC/AHA Guidelines for Peri-Operative Cardiac Evaluation for a Non-Cardiac Surgery {Revised in 2007) Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	105
35	Pacemaker/Automatic Internal Cardiac Defibrillators (AICD): Considerations for Anesthesiologists Donald M. Voltz	109
36	Cardiac Valvular Abnormalities Donald M. Voltz	112
37	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) and Associated Anticoagulation Donald M. Voltz	119
38	Carotid Surgery Matthew A. Joy	125
39	Mediastinal Mass Maureen S. Harders	130
SECTION 3	NEUROANESTHESIA
40	Treatment of Elevated Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	132
41	Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials (SSEP) and Motor-Evoked Potentials (MEP) Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	135
42	Posterior Fossa Craniotomy Joni Maga	139
43	Venous Air Embolism (VAE) Joni Maga	143
44	Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery Kasia Petelenz Rubin	146
45	Head Trauma Kasia Petelenz Rubin	149
46	Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diurectic Hormone Secretion (SIADH), Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome (CSWS), and Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Donn Marciniak	152
47	Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Melvyn J. Y. Chin, Kamaljitk. Sidhu, and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	156
SECTION 4	RENAL
48	Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	158
49	Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	160
50	Dialysis Lisa L. Bethea and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	162
51	Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and TURP Syndrome Lisa L. Bethea and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	167
SECTION 5	HEPATIC AND GASTROINTESTINAL ISSUES
52	Emesis on Induction and Aspiration Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	169
53	Post-Operative Jaundice Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	171
54	Ascites Kasia Petelenz Rubin	173
SECTION 6	OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA
55	Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	176
56	Pre-Eclampsia Kasia Petelenz Rubin	178
57	Obstetrical Antepartum Hemorrhage Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	181
58	Obstetrical Postpartum Hemorrhage Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	185
59	Other Obstetrical Complications Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	187
60	The Pregnant Trauma Patient Kasia Petelenz Rubin	190
61	Difficult Obstetrical Airway Kasia Petelenz Rubin	192
62	Anesthesia for a Vaginal Delivery Alma Hoxha	194
63	Anesthesia for a Cesarean Delivery Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	198
64	Complications of Regional Anesthesia Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	201
65	Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnancy Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	206
SECTION 7	PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA
66	The Basics of Pediatrics Kasia Petelenz Rubin and Kanwaljit Rani Sidhu	212
67	Neonatal Resuscitation Kasia Petelenz Rubin and Kanwaljit Rani Sidhu	214
68	Tracheoesophageal Fistula Kasia Petelenz Rubin	217
69	Pyloric Stenosis Kasia Petelenz Rubin	219
70	Epiglottitis Kasia Petelenz Rubin	221
SECTION 8	ENDOCRINE
71	Pheochromocytoma Bonn Marciniak	223
72	Thyrotoxicosis Donn Marciniak	225
73	Hypothyroidism Donn Marciniak	227
74	Peri-Operative Diabetes Management Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	230
SECTION 9	TRAUMA ANESTHESIA
75	Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) Ryan J. Gunselman and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	236
76	Cervical Spine Precautions Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	238
77	Burn Anesthesia Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	240
SECTION 10	ORGAN TRANSPLANT
78	Liver Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	245
79	Renal Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	249
SECTION 11	POST-ANESTHESIA CARE UNIT
80	Delayed Emergence, Change in Mental Status, Delirium, and Agitation Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	252
81	The Bleeding Tonsil Kasia Petelenz Rubin	254
82	Post-Carotid Bleed Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	255
83	Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	256
SECTION 12	EMERGENCY EVENTS
84	Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) and Masseter Muscle Rigidity Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	258
85	Anaphylaxis Jessiica A. Lovich-Sapola	261
SECTION 13	ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN
86	Peripheral Nerve Blocks Joni Maga	265
87	Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Types I and II Brendan J Astley	268
88	Opioid Addiction Brendan J. Astley	273
SECTION 14	OTHER SITUATIONS
89	Peri-Operative Temperature Regulation Alma Hoxha	278
90	Myasthenia Gravis Ryan J. Gunselman and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	285
91	Obesity Jeffrey A. Brown and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	288
92	Sickle Cell Anemia Sheila Chiu-Miller and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	290
93	Stress Dose Steroids Michael Dale Bassett and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	293
94	Transfusion Therapy Vera V. Borzova and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	295
95	Tourniquet Physiology Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	299
96	Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Kelly P. Jones and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	300
97	Remote Anesthesia Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	303
98	Awareness Under Anesthesia Donald M. Voltz	306
SECTION 15	SAFETY AND ETHICS
99	Laser Safety Aditya Reddy and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	309
100	Electrical Safety in the Operating Room Sheila Chiu-Miller and Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	311
101	Ethics Jessica A. Lovich-Sapola	314
	Index	317