Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

Preface to the Seventh Edition

ix

1

Eyelids

1

 

Introduction

2

 

Benign Nodules and Cysts

4

 

Benign Epidermal Tumours

4

 

Benign Pigmented Lesions

8

 

Benign Adnexal Tumours

9

 

Miscellaneous Benign Tumours

10

 

Malignant Tumours

15

 

Disorders of Lashes

27

 

Allergic Disorders

29

 

Bacterial Infections

31

 

Viral Infections

32

 

Blepharitis

34

 

Ptosis

39

 

Ectropion

46

 

Entropion

49

 

Miscellaneous Acquired Disorders

50

 

Cosmetic Eyelid and Periocular Surgery

55

 

Congenital Malformations

58

2

Lacrimal Drainage System

65

 

Anatomy

66

 

Physiology

66

 

Causes of a Watering Eye

67

 

Evaluation

67

 

Acquired Obstruction

70

 

Congenital Obstruction

72

 

Lacrimal Surgery

74

 

Chronic Canaliculitis

75

 

Dacryocystitis

77

3

Orbit

79

 

Introduction

80

 

Thyroid Eye Disease

84

 

Infections

89

 

Non-Infective Inflammatory Disease

91

 

Vascular Malformations

94

 

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula

95

 

Cystic Lesions

99

 

Tumours

103

 

The Anophthalmic Socket

115

 

Craniosynostoses

117

4

Dry Eye Disorders

121

 

Definitions

122

 

Physiology

122

 

Classification

123

 

Sjögren Syndrome

124

 

Clinical Features

124

 

Special Investigations

125

 

Treatment

128

5

Conjunctiva

131

 

Introduction

132

 

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

135

 

Viral Conjunctivitis

142

 

Allergic Conjunctivitis

144

 

Conjunctivitis in Blistering Mucocutaneous Disease

152

 

Miscellaneous Conjunctivitis

158

 

Degenerations

162

6

Cornea

167

 

Introduction

168

 

Bacterial Keratitis

173

 

Fungal Keratitis

180

 

Herpes Simplex Keratitis

183

 

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

187

 

Interstitial Keratitis

191

 

Protozoan Keratitis

194

 

Bacterial Hypersensitivity-Mediated Corneal Disease

196

 

Rosacea

197

 

Severe Peripheral Corneal Ulceration

199

 

Neurotrophic Keratopathy

203

 

Exposure Keratopathy

204

 

Miscellaneous Keratopathy

206

 

Corneal Ectasias

210

 

Corneal Dystrophies

212

 

Corneal Degenerations

224

 

Metabolic Keratopathies

228

 

Contact Lenses

232

 

Congenital Anomalies of the Cornea and Globe

235

7

Corneal and Refractive Surgery

239

 

Keratoplasty

240

 

Keratoprostheses

245

 

Refractive Procedures

245

8

Episclera and Sclera

251

 

Anatomy

252

 

Episcleritis

252

 

Immune-Mediated Scleritis

253

 

Infectious Scleritis

261

 

Scleral Discoloration

261

 

Blue Sclera

262

 

Miscellaneous Conditions

263

9

Lens

269

 

Acquired Cataract

270

 

Management of Age-Related Cataract

273

 

Congenital Cataract

298

 

Ectopia Lentis

304

 

Abnormalities of Shape

308

10

Glaucoma

311

 

Introduction

312

 

Tonometry

313

 

Gonioscopy

316

 

Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Head

323

 

Imaging in Glaucoma

327

 

Perimetry

331

 

Ocular Hypertension

338

 

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

340

 

Normal-Pressure Glaucoma

346

 

Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

348

 

Classification of Secondary Glaucoma

353

 

Pseudoexfoliation

355

 

Pigment Dispersion

357

 

Neovascular Glaucoma

359

 

Inflammatory Glaucoma

361

 

Lens-Related Glaucoma

364

 

Traumatic Glaucoma

367

 

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome

368

 

Glaucoma in Intraocular Tumours

369

 

Glaucoma in Epithelial Ingrowth

371

 

Glaucoma in Iridoschisis

371

 

Primary Congenital Glaucoma

372

 

Iridocorneal Dysgenesis

376

 

Glaucoma in Phacomatoses

382

 

Glaucoma Medications

383

 

Laser Therapy

387

 

Trabeculectomy

391

 

Non-Penetrating Surgery

396

 

Antimetabolites in Filtration Surgery

397

 

Drainage Shunts

399

11

Uveitis

401

 

Introduction

402

 

Clinical Features

402

 

Special Investigations

406

 

Principles of Treatment

410

 

Intermediate Uveitis

413

 

Uveitis in Spondyloarthropathies

415

 

Uveitis in Juvenile Arthritis

416

 

Uveitis in Bowel Disease

420

 

Uveitis in Renal Disease

422

 

Sarcoidosis

422

 

Behget Syndrome

426

 

Toxoplasmosis

429

 

Toxocariasis

433

 

Miscellaneous Parasitic Uveitis

436

 

Uveitis in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

441

 

Miscellaneous Viral Uveitis

445

 

Fungal Uveitis

447

 

Bacterial Uveitis

450

 

White Dot Syndromes

457

 

Primary Stromal Choroiditis

464

 

Miscellaneous Anterior Uveitis

469

 

Miscellaneous Posterior Uveitis

471

12

Ocular Tumours

475

 

Benign Epibulbar Tumours

476

 

Malignant and Premalignant Epibulbar Tumours

481

 

Iris Tumours

486

 

Iris Cysts

488

 

Ciliary Body Tumours

492

 

Tumours of the Choroid

496

 

Neural Retinal Tumours

510

 

Vascular Retinal Tumours

520

 

Primary Intraocular Lymphoma

525

 

Tumours of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

527

 

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

529

13

Retinal Vascular Disease

533

 

Retinal Circulation

534

 

Diabetic Retinopathy

534

 

Retinal Venous Occlusive Disease

551

 

Retinal Arterial Occlusive Disease

559

 

Ocular Ischaemic Syndrome

566

 

Hypertensive Disease

567

 

Sickle-Cell Retinopathy

569

 

Retinopathy of Prematurity

573

 

Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm

576

 

Primary Retinal Telangiectasia

580

 

Eales Disease

583

 

Radiation Retinopathy

586

 

Purtscher Retinopathy

586

 

Benign Idiopathic Haemorrhagic Retinopathy

586

 

Valsalva Retinopathy

588

 

Upaemia Retinalis

588

 

Retinopathy in Blood Disorders

589

 

Congenital Vascular Anomalies

591

14

Acquired Macular Disorders

593

 

Introduction

594

 

Clinical Evaluation of Macular Disease

595

 

Fundus Fluorescein Angiography

601

 

Indocyanine Green Angiography

608

 

Optical Coherence Tomography

611

 

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

611

 

Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

628

 

Age-Related Macular Hole

629

 

Macular Microhole

631

 

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

632

 

Cystoid Macular Oedema

633

 

Epimacular Membrane

635

 

Degenerative Myopia

637

 

Angioid Streaks

641

 

Choroidal Folds

643

 

Hypotony Maculopathy

644

 

Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome

645

 

Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization

645

 

Solar Retinopathy

645

15

Hereditary Fundus Dystrophies

647

 

Introduction

648

 

Investigations

648

 

Generalized Photoreceptor Dystrophies

651

 

Macular Dystrophies

665

 

Generalized Choroidal Dystrophies

670

 

Vitreoretinal Dystrophies

674

 

Albinism

681

 

Cherry-Red Spot at Macula

683

16

Retinal Detachment

687

 

Introduction

688

 

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

698

 

Tractional Retinal Detachment

721

 

Exudative Retinal Detachment

722

 

Pars Plana Vitrectomy

723

17

Vitreous Opacities

729

 

Introduction

730

 

Muscae Volitantes

730

 

Vitreous Haemorrhage

730

 

Asteroid Hyalosis (Benson Disease)

730

 

Synchisis Scintillans (Cholesterolosis Bulbi)

730

 

Amyloidosis

730

 

Vitreous Cyst

733

18

Strabismus

735

 

Introduction

736

 

Amblyopia

745

 

Clinical Evaluation

746

 

Heterophoria

765

 

Vergence Abnormalities

765

 

Esotropia

765

 

Exotropia

771

 

Special Syndromes

772

 

Alphabet Patterns

774

 

Surgery

778

19

Neuro-Ophthalmofogy

783

 

Neuroimaging

784

 

Optic Nerve

789

 

Pupillary Reactions

812

 

Chiasm

816

 

Retrochiasmal Pathways

827

 

Ocular Motor Nerves

830

 

Supranuclear Disorders of Ocular Motility

838

 

Nystagmus

841

 

Carotid Stenosis

846

 

Intracranial Aneurysms

847

 

Ocular Myopathies

849

 

Neurofibromatosis

854

 

Migraine

855

 

Facial Spasm

859

20

Ocular Side-Effects of Systemic Medication

861

 

Cornea

862

 

Lens

863

 

Uveitis

863

 

Retina

864

 

Optic Nerve

868

21

Trauma

871

 

Eyelid Trauma

872

 

Orbital Fractures

873

 

Trauma to the Globe

877

 

Chemical Injuries

891

 

Index

897