Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

xii

PART I

RESEARCH MANAGEMENT

1

Chapter 1

Research Concepts in Sport Management

3

Research Defined

6

Types of Research

7

Research Traditions

9

The Evolution of Sport Management Research

12

Summary

15

Chapter 2

Ethical Issues in Research

19

Protection of Human Subjects

20

Ethical Principles and Guidelines

21

Institutional Review Board

25

Informed Consent

26

Scientific Dishonesty

26

Summary

26

PART II

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

29

Chapter 3

Creation of Research Questions

31

Problem Selection

32

Literature Review

36

Development of a Conceptual Framework

38

Focusing of Research Questions

39

Identification of Variables

40

Clarification of Hypotheses

40

Summary

41

Chapter 4

Research Design

45

Types of Research Design

46

Sampling

48

Determination of Sample Size

49

Reliability

51

Validity

52

Summary

52

Chapter 5

Data Collection and Analysis

55

Nonresponse Bias

56

Preparation of Data for Analysis

56

Scales of Measurement

57

Descriptive Statistics

58

Inferential Statistics

59

Statistical Design

61

Drawing Conclusions

61

Summary

61

Chapter 6

Dissemination of Findings

65

Academic Conference Presentation

66

Academic Journal Selection

67

Manuscript Structure

69

Journal Publication Process

70

Evaluation of Journal Articles

74

Summary

75

PART III

RESEARCH DESIGN IN SPORT MANAGEMENT

77

Chapter 7

Surveys

79

Interviews

80

Questionnaires

80

Internet Surveys

81

Questionnaire Development and Design

82

Types of Error

87

Summary

88

Chapter 8

Interviews

91

Interview Process

92

Interview Techniques

94

Data Analysis

99

Summary

101

Chapter 9

Observation Research

105

Methodological Foundations

108

Observation Site

113

Observer Roles

115

Participant Observation in New Media

116

Data Collection

117

Field Notes

122

Data Analysis

124

Summary

126

Chapter 10

Case Study Research

129

Applied Research Advantages

130

Defining Sport Management Case Study Research

132

Research Versus Teaching Case Studies

133

Design and Implementation

134

Research Preparation

139

Data Collection

141

Data Analysis

144

Case Study Repo

146

Summary

148

Chapter 11

Historical Research

151

Academic Perspective

153

Practical Applications

154

Research Prerequisites

155

Topic Selection

156

Source Material

158

Data Analysis

163

Historical Writing

165

Summary

169

Chapter 12

Legal Research

173

Qualities of Legal Research

174

Nature of the Law and Legal Research

175

Legal Research Techniques

176

Sources of Legal Information

178

Design and Implementation

187

Summary

195

PART IV

CRITICAL METHODS IN SPORT MANAGEMENT

199

Chapter 13

Analyses of Structure

201

Importance of Reliability and Validity

202

Cronbach’s Alpha

202

Exploratory Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis

203

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

207

Summary

208

Chapter 14

Relationships Between Variables

213

Bivariate Correlation

214

Simple Linear Regression

216

Multiple Regression

217

Path Analysis

220

Summary

222

Chapter 15

Significance of Group Differences

227

T-Test

229

One-Way ANOVA

230

One-Way ANCOVA

232

Factorial ANOVA

234

Factorial ANCOVA

235

One-Way MANOVA

238

One-Way MANCOVA

240

Factorial MANOVA

241

Factorial MANCOVA

243

Summary

245

Chapter 16

Prediction of Group Membership

249

Discriminant Analysis

250

Logistic Regression

252

Cluster Analysis

254

Summary

255

Glossary

259

References

267

Index

283

About the Authors

289