Table of Contents
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Preface |
ix |
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PART I |
THE
CONTEXT OF LACTATION AND BREASTFEEDING |
1 |
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1 |
Influence of the Biospecificity
of Human Milk |
3 |
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Introduction |
3 |
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Colostrum |
5 |
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Clinical
Implications: Allergy and Disease |
6 |
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Nutritional
Components |
14 |
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Defense Agents |
41 |
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Human Milk
Fortification |
46 |
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Milk Treatment and
Storage |
48 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
55 |
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Appendix 1-1:
Summary Interventions Based on the Biospecificity of Breastmilk |
69 |
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Appendix 1-2: Human
Milk Banks in |
72 |
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2 |
Influence of the Maternal Anatomy and
Physiology on Lactation |
75 |
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Introduction |
75 |
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Functional Anatomy
of the Breast |
80 |
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Nipple Preparation |
88 |
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Breast Augmentation |
88 |
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Breast Reduction |
91 |
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Breast Anomalies |
94 |
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Nipple Anomalies |
95 |
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Hormones of Lactation |
96 |
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Lactogenesis II |
106 |
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Lactogenesis III |
113 |
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Volume of Milk
Production Over Time |
116 |
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The Newborn Stomach |
116 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
121 |
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Appendix 2-1:
Summary Interventions Based on the Maternal Anatomy and Physiology of
Lactation |
131 |
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3 |
Influence of the Infant’s Anatomy and
Physiology |
133 |
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Introduction |
133 |
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Functional Infant
Anatomy and Physiology Associated with Breastfeeding |
133 |
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Putting it All
Together |
167 |
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Tools |
168 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
185 |
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4 |
Influence of Peripartum
Factors, Birthing Practices, and Early Caretaking Behaviors |
191 |
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Introduction |
191 |
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Birth Interventions
and Breastfeeding |
191 |
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Maternity Care
Practices and Breastfeeding |
196 |
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Separation |
208 |
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Crying |
210 |
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Supplementation |
212 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
241 |
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Appendix 4-1:
Summary Interventions Based on Peripartum Factors, Birthing
Practices, and Early Caretaking Behaviors |
257 |
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PART II |
INFANT-RELATED
CHALLENGES TO BREASTFEEDING |
261 |
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5 |
First 24–48 Hours: Common Challenges |
263 |
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Introduction |
263 |
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Clinician Influence |
263 |
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Positioning of the
Mother |
265 |
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Positioning of the
Infant |
269 |
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Latch |
274 |
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Nipple Shields |
294 |
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Reluctant Nurser |
297 |
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Sleepy Infant |
298 |
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Fussy Infant |
308 |
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Decision Trees |
319 |
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Problem of
Hypoglycemia |
319 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
334 |
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Appendix 5-1:
Summary Interventions on Shield Use |
345 |
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6 |
Beyond the Initial 48–72 Hours:
Infant Challenges |
347 |
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Introduction |
347 |
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Neonatal Jaundice |
347 |
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Hypernatremic Dehydration |
363 |
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Slow Weight Gain |
368 |
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Breastfeeding
Preterm Infants |
378 |
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Breastfeeding Late
Preterm Infants |
400 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
407 |
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Appendix 6-1:
Summary Interventions on Slow Infant Weight Gain: Breastfeeding Techniques
Useful in Slow Weight Gain Situations |
427 |
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7 |
Physical, Medical, and Environmental
Problems and Issues |
431 |
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Introduction |
431 |
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Twins and Higher
Order Multiples |
431 |
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Anomalies, Diseases,
and Disorders that can Affect Breastfeeding |
443 |
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Syndromes and
Congenital Anomalies |
464 |
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Upper Airway Problems |
467 |
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Gastrointestinal
Disorders, Anomalies, and Conditions |
470 |
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Metabolic Disorders |
483 |
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Congenital Heart
Disease |
489 |
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Neurological
Diseases, Deficits, Impairments, and Disorders |
493 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
499 |
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PART
III |
MATERNAL-RELATED
CHALLENGES TO BREASTFEEDING |
519 |
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8 |
Maternal Pathology: Breast and Nipple
Issues |
521 |
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Introduction |
521 |
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Nipple Types |
521 |
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Sore Nipples |
526 |
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Engorgement |
544 |
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Plugged Ducts |
550 |
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Mastitis |
551 |
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Breast Abscess |
559 |
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Additional
Breast-Related Conditions |
561 |
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Additional Reasons
for Breast Pain |
564 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
565 |
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Appendix 8-1:
Summary Questions for Breastfeeding Troubleshooting and Observation |
579 |
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9 |
Physical, Medical, Emotional, and
Environmental Challenges to the Breastfeeding Mother |
581 |
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Introduction |
581 |
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Physically
Challenged Mothers |
581 |
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Epilepsy |
584 |
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Maternal Visual or
Hearing Impairment |
586 |
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Insufficient Milk
Supply |
586 |
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Hyperlactation |
593 |
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Induced Lactation
and Relactation |
596 |
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Overweight and Obese
Mothers |
597 |
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Periparturn Mood, Depressive,
and Anxiety Disorders |
601 |
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Endocrine,
Metabolic, and Autoimmune Conditions |
606 |
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Maternal Employment |
632 |
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Summary: The Design
in Nature |
637 |
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Index |
659 |
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