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Table of Contents


	Preface	ix
	About the Authors	xiii
	Contributors	xv
	Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders: Basic Concepts and Operational Definitions	xix
SECTION I	APHASIA	1
chapter 1	Significant Landmarks in the History of Aphasia and its Therapy Chris Code	3
	Introduction	3
	Aphasia in the Ancient Past	4
	The Middle Ages	5
	The Renaissance to the 17th Century	5
	The 18th-Century Enlightenment: Reason and Nature	6
	The 19th Century and the Birth of a Science of Aphasiology	6
	The Growth of Linguistic Aphasiology in the !9th and 20th Centuries	12
	Aphasiology in the 20th Century	14
	The Treatment of Aphasia in the Later 20th Century	17
	References	20
Chapter 2	Elements of Neurology Essential for Understanding the Aphasias Constantin Potagas, Dimitrios S. Kasselimis, and Ioannis Evdokimidis	23
	Introduction	23
	Elements of the Nervous System	23
	A More Detailed View of the Cerebral Cortex	31
	Methods for the Study of the Nervous System and the Brain	34
	Elements of Clinical Neurology	37
	Cerebral Representation of Language	39
	Types of Aphasia, Typical Lesion Locations, and Typical Signs and Symptoms	42
	Notes	45
	Acknowledgments	46
	References	46
Chapter 3	Plasticity and Recovery in Aphasia Ilias Papathanasiou, Patrick Coppens, and Ana Ines Ansaldo	49
	Introduction	49
	The Concepts of Plasticity and Recovery	50
	Prognostic Factors of Recovery	52
	Biochemical and Physiologic Mechanisms of Recovery	54
	Structural Mechanisms of Recovery	55
	Behavioral Mechanisms of Recovery	56
	Language Recovery in the Brain	57
	The Link Between Plasticity, Behavior, and Therapy	59
	Reconceptualizing Aphasia and Aphasia Therapy	60
	Future Directions	62
	References	63
Chapter 4	Formal and Informal Assessment of Aphasia Laura Murray and Patrick Coppens	67
	Introduction	67
	Formal Assessment: Purposes	70
	Formal Assessment: Test Constructs and Procedures	70
	Informal Assessment: Logic, Purposes, and Procedures	76
	Assessing the Person with Aphasia	79
	Ongoing Data Collection	81
	Assessment Procedures: Some Additional Do's and Don'ts	82
	Future Directions	84
	Case Illustration	85
	References	87
Chapter 5	Therapy Approaches to Aphasia Linda Worralt, Ilias Papathanasiou, and Sue Sherratt	93
	Introduction	93
	What is Therapy?	93
	Who is the Target of Therapy?	96
	When?	97
	Why?	99
	How?	103
	Conclusions and Future Directions	106
	Case Illustration	106
	References	109
Chapter 6	Disorders of Auditory Comprehension Julie Morris and Sue Franklin	113
	Introduction	113
	Models of Normal Auditory Processing	113
	Disorders of Auditory Comprehension	115
	Assessment of Auditory Comprehension	117
	Intervention Approaches	122
	Future Directions	126
	Case Illustration	126
	Note	128
	References	128
Chapter 7	Disorders of Word Production Nadine Martin	131
	Introduction	131
	Models of Word Production: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations	132
	Application of Cognitive/Psycholinguistic Models of Word Production to the Diagnosis of Word Production Disorders in Aphasia	136
	Treatment of Word Retrieval Disorders	145
	Future Directions	149
	Case Illustration	150
	Acknowledgments	152
	References	152
Chapter 8	The Acquired Disorders of Reading Ellyn A, Riley and Diane I. Kendall	157
	Introduction	157
	Dual-Route Models	157
	Connectionist Models	159
	Acquired Alexia	160
	Assessment	164
	Intervention	166
	Future Directions	168
	Case Illustration	168
	References	169
Chapter 9	Written Language and its Impairments Ilias Papathanasiou and Zsolt Csefalvay	173
	Introduction	173
	What is Written Language?	173
	Classification of Written Language Disorders and Their Neuroanatomic Substrates	174
	Assessment of Writing Disorders	183
	Intervention Approaches to Writing Disorders	185
	Conclusions and Future Directions	190
	Case Illustration	190
	References	192
Chapter 10	Disorders of Sentence Processing in Aphasia Jane Marshall	197
	Introduction	197
	Sentence Processing Therapies and the ICF Model	198
	Agrammatism and Paragrammatism	198
	Sentence Complexity	199
	A Sentence Processing Model	199
	Structural Impairments in Aphasia	200
	Case Illustration 10-1: Therapy at the Level of the Event	201
	Case Illustration 10-2: Mapping Therapy with Aer	203
	Case Illustration 10-3: Tuf Treatment Protocol for Training Object WH- Questions	205
	Verb Impairments	206
	Impairments with Grammatical Morphology	208
	Competence versus Performance	210
	Conclusions and Future Directions	212
	Notes	213
	References	213
Chapter 11	Discourse and Functional Approaches to Aphasia Elizabeth Armstrong, Alison Ferguson, and Nina Simmons-Mackie	217
	Introduction	217
	Rationale for Discourse, Conversation Analytic, and Narrative Approaches	218
	Difficulties with Everyday Talk: Symptoms of Discourse Breakdown	219
	Assessment Issues	220
	Intervention	223
	Conclusions and Future Directions	225
	Case Illustration	226
	References	229
Chapter 12	Quality-Of-Life Approach to Aphasia Katerina Hilari and Madeline Cruice	233
	Introduction	233
	Quality of Life and Related Concepts	233
	Assessing QoL and HRQL	237
	Clinical Applications	245
	Conclusions and Future Directions	245
	Case Illustration 12-1: Exploring Broader Outcomes	246
	Case Illustration 12-2: Using Qol Measures in Therapy Planning	247
	Notes	250
	References	250
Chapter 13	Living with Aphasia: a Client-Centered Approach Bronwyn Davidson and Linda Worrall	255
	Introduction	255
	A Focus on Client-Centeredness	256
	The Social and Emotional Impact of Aphasia	261
	Intervention Approaches that Address the Psychosocial Dimension	262
	Skills and Strategies for the Client-Centered Aphasia Therapist	267
	Conclusions and Future Directions	267
	Case Illustration	268
	References	271
Chapter 14	Aphasia in Multilingual Populations Jose C. Centeno and Ana Ines Ansaido	275
	Introduction	275
	Experiential Factors in Aphasia Services for Bilingual Speakers	277
	Aphasia in Bilingual Speakers	280
	Aphasia Rehabilitation with Bilingual Individuals	282
	Conclusions and Future Directions	287
	Case Illustration	288
	References	290
SECTION II	RELATED COMMUNICATION DISORDERS	295
Chapter 15	Nature and Assessment of Right Hemisphere Disorders Connie A, Tompkins, Ekaterini Klepousniotou, and April G. Scott	297
	Introduction	297
	Theoretical Accounts of Cognitive-Communication Deficits in Right Hemisphere Disorders	297
	Symptomatology of Cognitive Communication Disorders in RHD	300
	Assessment of Patients with RHD	307
	Future Directions	325
	Case Illustration	325
	References	327
Appendix 15A	Sample Case History Supplement Form	333
Appendix 15B	A Performance Inventory for Everyday Environments and Tasks	337
Chapter 16	Treatment of Right Hemisphere Disorders Connie A. Tompkins and April C. Scott	345
	Introduction	345
	Focusing Treatment	345
	Generalization of Treatment Gains	346
	Evidence-Based Practice	347
	Treatment for Coarse Coding Deficit and Related Difficulties	348
	Treatment for Suppression Deficit and Related Difficulties	349
	Treatment Considerations Related to the Cognitive Resource Hypothesis	350
	Treatment for Social Cognition Deficit	351
	Treatment of Prosody	351
	Treatment of Discourse and Pragmatics	352
	Treatment of Reading and Writing	354
	Treatment of Cognition	355
	Treatment Targeting Other Obstacles to Goal Attainment	359
	Future Directions	360
	Case Illustration	360
	References	362
Chapter 17	Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults Fofi Constantinidou and Mary Kennedy	365
	Introduction	365
	Neurology and Neuropathology of TBI	366
	Continuum of Rehabilitation in TBI	369
	Conceptualizing Cognitive Rehabilitation	371
	Neurobehavioral Assessment in TBI	373
	Principles of Cognitive Rehabilitation	375
	Instructional Approaches in Cognitive Rehabilitation	378
	Reviewing the Evidence for Cognitive Rehabilitation	380
	Conclusions and Future Directions	384
	Case Illustration	384
	Notes	387
	References	387
Appendix 17A	Rancho Los Amigos Scale	393
Appendix 17B	Assessment Tools Based on the Who Model	395
Chapter 18	Dementia and Related Cognitive Disorders Nidhi Mahendra and Tammy Hopper	397
	Introduction	397
	Defining the Syndrome of Dementia	397
	Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease	398
	Mild Cognitive Impairment	400
	Effects of Alzheimer's Disease on Cognition	401
	Symptomatology of Communication Disorders in Ad	402
	Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist Working with Individuals Who have Dementia	402
	Evaluation of Communication in Clients with Ad and Other Dementias	403
	Cognitive Communication Interventions in Dementia: Challenges and Opportunities	408
	Other Dementias	415
	Future Directions	420
	Case Illustration	421
	Acknowledgments	425
	References	425
Chapter 19	Acquired Apraxia of Speech Nick Miller and Julie Wambaugh	431
	Introduction	431
	Defining Apraxia of Speech	431
	The Nature of Apraxia of Speech	432
	Speech Output Models and Apraxia of Speech	438
	Lesion Sites Associated with Aos	441
	Treatment	442
	Future Directions	450
	Case Illustration	451
	References	453
Chapter 20	Dysarthria Bruce E. Murdoch	459
	Introduction	459
	Flaccid Dysarthria: Lower Motor Neuron Dysarthria	460
	Spastic Dysarthria: Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria	465
	Ataxic Dysarthria	467
	Hypokinettc Dysarthria	471
	Hyperkinetic Dysarthria	472
	Mixed Dysarthria	472
	Assessment of Dysarthria	475
	Intervention Approaches for Dysarthria	478
	Future Directions	489
	Further Reading	489
	References	489
	Index	493