Table
of Contents
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Preface |
xiii |
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PART
I |
BASIC
INFORMATION ABOUT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SYNDROME (HIV/AIDS) |
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Chapter 1 |
Definition
and Origin of HIV and Aids |
3 |
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Chapter 2 |
HIV Stages
and Types |
7 |
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Section 2.1 |
The HIV
Life Cycle |
8 |
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Section 2.2 |
Stages of
HIV Infection |
10 |
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Section 2.3 |
Acute HIV
Infection |
16 |
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Section 2.4 |
HIV Types,
Subtypes, Groups, and Strains |
19 |
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Section 2.5 |
HIV Superinfection |
28 |
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Chapter 3 |
How HIV
Causes Aids |
35 |
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Chapter 4 |
HIV/AIDS: a
Statistical Overview |
51 |
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Section 4.1 |
HIV/AIDS
Prevalence and Incidence in the United States and Worldwide |
52 |
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Section 4.2 |
HIV/AIDS
and Minority Populations |
64 |
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PART II |
HIV/AIDS
TRANSMISSION, RISK FACTORS, AND PREVENTION |
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Chapter 5 |
HIV and its
Transmission: an Overview |
93 |
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Chapter 6 |
Risky
Behaviors and HIV |
99 |
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Section 6.1 |
Alcohol Use
and HIV Risk |
100 |
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Section 6.2 |
Club Drug
Use and HIV Risk |
112 |
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Section 6.3 |
Injection
Drug Use and HIV Risk |
117 |
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Section 6.4 |
Sexual Risk
Factors and HIV Transmission |
119 |
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Section 6.5 |
Sexually
Transmitted Diseases and HIV Risk |
123 |
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Section 6.6 |
Tattoos and
Piercings
and HIV Risk |
126 |
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Chapter 7 |
HIV Risk in
the Healthcare Setting |
129 |
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Section 7.1 |
Occupational
Exposure |
130 |
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Section 7.2 |
Patient
Exposure |
133 |
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Section 7.3 |
Blood
Transfusion and Organ Donation Recipients |
134 |
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Chapter 8 |
Other HIV
Transmission Rumors and Risks |
137 |
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Section 8.1 |
Insect Bites |
138 |
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Section 8.2 |
Kissing,
Biting, Scratching, or Spitting |
139 |
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Section 8.3 |
Needle-Stick
Injuries in A Non-Healthcare Setting |
141 |
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Section 8.4 |
Sports |
142 |
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Chapter 9 |
HIV/AIDS
Risks and Prevention Strategies in Targeted Populations |
143 |
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Section 9.1 |
Youth |
144 |
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Section 9.2 |
Women |
151 |
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Section 9.3 |
Men Who
have Sex with Men |
159 |
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Section 9.4 |
Older Adults |
163 |
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Section 9.5 |
Homeless
Populations |
166 |
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Section 9.6 |
Prison
Populations |
171 |
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Chapter 10 |
HIV/AIDS
Prevention |
177 |
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Section 10.1 |
Safer Sex |
178 |
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Section 10.2 |
Circumcision |
183 |
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Section 10.3 |
Protecting
Our Blood Supply |
195 |
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Section 10.4 |
Syringe
Exchange Programs |
199 |
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Section 10.5 |
Universal
Precautions for Healthcare Workers |
204 |
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Chapter 11 |
Preventing
Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV |
207 |
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Chapter 12 |
HIV
Vaccines and Microbicides |
211 |
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Section 12.1 |
Preventive
Vaccines |
212 |
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Section 12.2 |
Microbicides |
215 |
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Chapter 13 |
HIV
Prophylaxis |
223 |
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Section 13.1 |
Pre-Exposure
Prophylaxis |
224 |
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Section 13.2 |
Post-Exposure
Prophylaxis |
233 |
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PART III |
RECEIVING
AN HIV/AIDS DIAGNOSIS |
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Chapter 14 |
HIV Testing |
237 |
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Section 14.1 |
HIV Testing
Basics |
238 |
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Section 14.2 |
Hp/ Testing
Frequency and Window Period |
244 |
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Section 14.3 |
Confidential
and Anonymous Testing |
246 |
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Section 14.4 |
Opt-Out
Testing |
247 |
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Section 14.5 |
Pre- and
Post-Test Counseling |
248 |
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Chapter 15 |
Types of
HIV Diagnostic Tests |
251 |
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Section 15.1 |
Elisa/Western
Blot Tests |
252 |
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Section 15.2 |
P24 Antigen
Tests |
255 |
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Section 15.3 |
Rapid Oral
HIV Teats |
257 |
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Section 15.4 |
HIV Home
Test Kits |
260 |
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Chapter 16 |
Understanding
Your Test Results |
263 |
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Section 16.1 |
What do
Your Test Results Mean? |
264 |
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Section 16.2 |
Do You have
AIDS? |
266 |
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Section 16.3 |
Signs and
Symptoms of HIV and AIDS |
268 |
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Chapter 17 |
You and
Your HIV/AIDS Healthcare Provider: First Steps |
271 |
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Section 17.1 |
Choosing a
Provider |
272 |
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Section 17.2 |
Questions
to Ask Your Doctor |
274 |
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Chapter 18 |
Navigating
the Healthcare System: What You Need to Know |
277 |
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PART IV |
TREATMENTS
AND THERAPIES FOR HIV/AIDS |
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Chapter 19 |
Antiretroviral
Treatment |
283 |
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Section 19.1 |
Introduction
to HIV and AIDS Treatment |
284 |
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Section 19.2 |
Starting
Anti-HIV Medications |
287 |
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Section 19.3 |
Recommended
HIV Treatment Regimens |
289 |
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Section 19.4 |
Deciding
Which Drugs to Take |
291 |
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Chapter 20 |
HIV/AIDS
Treatment Adherence |
295 |
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Chapter 21 |
HIV/AIDS
Treatment Interruptions |
299 |
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Chapter 22 |
Monitoring
HIV/AIDS Treatment Success |
305 |
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Section 22.1 |
Viral Load
Test |
306 |
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Section 22.2 |
Cd4 Test |
308 |
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Section 22.3 |
Drug
Resistance Test |
310 |
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Chapter 23 |
HIV/AIDS
Treatment Side Effects |
313 |
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Section 23.1 |
Common Side
Effects |
314 |
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Section 23.2 |
Hepatotoxicity and Lactic
Acidosis |
320 |
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Section 23.3 |
Hyperglycemia |
329 |
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Section 23.4 |
Hyperlipidemia |
335 |
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Section 23.5 |
Lipodystrophy |
337 |
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Section 23.6 |
Mitochondrial
Toxicity |
341 |
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Section 23.7 |
Osteonecrosis, Osteoporosis,
and Osteopenia |
344 |
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Section 23.8 |
Peripheral
Neuropathy |
349 |
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Section 23.9 |
Skin Rash |
352 |
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Chapter 24 |
Other
HIV/AIDS Treatment Complications |
355 |
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Section 24.1 |
Drug
Interactions |
356 |
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Section 24.2 |
Immune Keconstitution
Inflammatory Syndrome |
362 |
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Chapter 25 |
HIV/AIDS
Treatment Failure |
369 |
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Section 25.1 |
What is
Treatment Failure? |
370 |
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Section 25.2 |
Changing
Your HIV Treatment Regimen |
372 |
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Section 25.3 |
Salvage
Therapy |
374 |
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Chapter 26 |
Alternative
and Complementary Therapies for HIV/AIDS |
377 |
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Chapter 27 |
Medical
Marijuana for HIV/AIDS |
389 |
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Chapter 28 |
HIV/AIDS
Treatments in Development |
393 |
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Section 28.1 |
Acne Drug
Prevents HIV Breakout |
394 |
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Section 28.2 |
Gene
Therapy Shows Promise Against HIV |
396 |
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Section 28.3 |
Immune
Therapies |
398 |
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Section 28.4 |
Therapeutic
HIV Vaccines |
401 |
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Chapter 29 |
HIV/AIDS
Clinical Trials |
403 |
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Chapter 30 |
HIV and
AIDS Treatment for Children |
407 |
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Chapter 31 |
HIV and
AIDS Treatment for Pregnant Women |
411 |
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PART V |
COMMON
CO-OCCURRING INFECTIONS AND COMPLICATIONS OF HIV/AIDS |
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Chapter 32 |
Opportunistic
Infections and Their Relationship to HIV/AIDS |
423 |
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Chapter 33 |
Strategies
for Managing Opportunistic Infections |
429 |
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Chapter 34 |
HIV/AIDS
and Co-Occurring Bacterial Infections |
435 |
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Section 34.1 |
Bacillary Angiomatosis |
436 |
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Section 34.2 |
Bacterial
Pneumonia |
438 |
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Section 34.3 |
Mycobacterium Avium
Complex |
441 |
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Section 34.4 |
Tuberculosis |
444 |
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Chapter 35 |
HIV/AIDS
and Co-Occurring Fungal Infections |
449 |
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Section 35.1 |
Candidiasis |
450 |
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Section 35.2 |
Cryptococcal Meningitis |
457 |
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Section 35.3 |
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia |
462 |
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Chapter 36 |
HIV/AIDS
and Co-Occurring Parasitic Infections |
465 |
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Section 36.1 |
Cryptosporidiosis |
466 |
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Section 36.2 |
Toxoplasmosis |
470 |
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Chapter 37 |
HIV/AIDS
and Co-Occurring Viral Infections |
473 |
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Section 37.1 |
Cytomegalovirus |
474 |
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Section 37.2 |
Herpes
Simplex Virus |
476 |
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Section 37.3 |
Herpes
Zoster Virus |
481 |
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Section 37.4 |
Human Papillomavirus |
486 |
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Section 37.5 |
Progressive
Multifocal
Leukoencephalopathy |
491 |
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Section 37.6 |
Viral
Hepatitis |
493 |
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Chapter 38 |
HIV/AIDS
and Co-Occurring Cancer |
497 |
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Section 38.1 |
HIV
Infection and Cancer Risk |
498 |
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Section 38.2 |
Kaposi
Sarcoma |
502 |
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Section 38.3 |
AIDS-Related
Lymphoma |
507 |
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Chapter 39 |
Other
AIDS-Related Health Concerns |
517 |
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Section 39.1 |
AIDS
Dementia Complex |
518 |
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Section 39.2 |
Oral Health
Issues |
523 |
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Section 39.3 |
HIV-Related
Pain |
525 |
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Section 39.4 |
Wasting
Syndrome |
531 |
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PART VI |
LIVING
WITH HIV INFECTION |
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Chapter 40 |
Coping with
an HIV/AIDS Diagnosis |
537 |
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Section 40.1 |
How to
Cope: Things to Keep in Mind |
538 |
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Section 40.2 |
Things You
can do to Enhance Your Emotional Well-Being |
540 |
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Section 40.3 |
Connecting
with Others |
541 |
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Chapter 41 |
Staying
Healthy with Diet and Exercise When You have HIV/AIDS |
543 |
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Section 41.1 |
HIV and
Nutrition |
544 |
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Section 41.2 |
HIV and
Exercise |
552 |
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Chapter 42 |
-Avoiding
Infections When You have HIV/AIDS |
557 |
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Section 42.1 |
Preventing
Infection from Pets |
558 |
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Section 42.2 |
Safe Food
and Water |
561 |
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Section 42.3 |
Staying
Healthy While Traveling |
565 |
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Section 42.4 |
Vaccinations |
569 |
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Chapter 43 |
Life Issues
When You have HIV/AIDS |
575 |
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Section 43.1 |
Dating and
HIV |
576 |
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Section 43.2 |
Having
Children |
579 |
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Section 43.3 |
Aging with
HIV/AIDS |
581 |
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Chapter 44 |
HIV/AIDS
Status Disclosure |
587 |
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Section 44.1 |
Do You have
to Tell? Legal Disclosure Requirements and Other Considerations |
588 |
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Section 44.2 |
Telling
Your Spouse or Sexual Partners |
590 |
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Section 44.3 |
Telling
Your Family and Friends |
593 |
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Section 44.4 |
Workplace
Disclosure |
596 |
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Section 44.5 |
Disclosure
to Healthcare Providers |
598 |
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Chapter 45 |
HIV/AIDS
Patients and Legal Rights |
599 |
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Section 45.1 |
Your Rights
in the Workplace |
600 |
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Section 45.2 |
Fair
Housing Act: Frequently Asked Questions |
603 |
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Section 45.3 |
How the
Laws Apply to Persons with HIV |
607 |
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Chapter 46 |
Public
Benefits, Insurance, and Housing Options for Persons with HIV |
613 |
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Section 46.1 |
Social
Security for People Living with HIV/AIDS |
614 |
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Section 46.2 |
Insurance
Options for People with HIV |
617 |
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Section 46.3 |
Housing
Options for People with HIV |
619 |
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Chapter 47 |
Caring for
Someone with AIDS at Home |
625 |
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PART
VII |
ADDITIONAL
HELP AND INFORMATION |
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Chapter 48 |
Glossary of
HIV/AIDS-Related Terms |
645 |
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Chapter 49 |
Directory
of Organizations for People with HIV/AIDS and their Families and Friends |
651 |
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Index |
657 |
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