Table of Contents
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SECTION I |
HEALTH APPRAISAL AND
RISK ASSESSMENT |
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1 |
Benefits and Risks Associated with
Physical Activity |
2 |
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Physical Activity
and Fitness Terminology |
2 |
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Public Health
Perspective for Current Recommendations |
5 |
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Benefits of Regular
Physical Activity and/or Exercise |
8 |
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Risks Associated
with Exercise |
8 |
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Sudden Cardiac Death
Among Young Individuals |
10 |
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Exercise-Related Cardiac
Events in Adults |
11 |
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Exercise Testing and
the Risk of Cardiac Events |
12 |
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Risks of Cardiac
Events During Cardiac Rehabilitation |
12 |
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Prevention of
Exercise-Related Cardiac Events |
12 |
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References |
15 |
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2 |
Preparticipation Health Screening and
Risk Stratification |
18 |
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Preparticipation
Screening |
19 |
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Self-Guided
Screening for Physical Activity |
19 |
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Professionally
Guided Screening for Physical Activity |
22 |
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Risk Stratification |
22 |
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Undisclosed or
Unavailable Cardiovascular Disease Risk-Factor Information |
24 |
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Known
Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Metabolic Disease |
25 |
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Major Signs/Symptoms
Suggestive of Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Metabolic Disease |
25 |
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Atherosclerotic
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors |
25 |
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Exercise Testing and
Participation Recommendations Based on Risk Category |
31 |
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Exercise Testing and
Testing Supervision Recommendations Based on Risk Category |
31 |
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Risk Stratification
for Cardiac Patients |
37 |
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References |
39 |
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SECTION II |
EXERCISE TESTING |
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3 |
Pre-Exercise Evaluations |
42 |
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Medical History,
Physical Examination, and Laboratory Tests |
42 |
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Blood Pressure |
46 |
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Lipids and Lipoproteins |
48 |
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Blood Profile
Analyses |
50 |
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Pulmonary Function |
51 |
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Contraindications to
Exercise Testing |
53 |
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Informed Consent |
53 |
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Participant
Instructions |
58 |
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References |
58 |
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4 |
Health-Related Physical Fitness
Testing and Interpretation |
60 |
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Purposes of
Health-Related Fitness Testing |
60 |
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Basic Principles and
Guidelines |
60 |
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Pretest Instructions |
61 |
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Test Order |
61 |
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Test Environment |
62 |
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Body Composition |
62 |
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Anthropometric
Methods |
63 |
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Densitometry |
69 |
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Other Techniques |
70 |
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Body Composition
Norms |
70 |
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness |
71 |
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The Concept of Maximal Oxygen Uptake |
72 |
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Maximal versus Submaximal
Exercise Testing |
73 |
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Modes of Testing |
74 |
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Cardiorespiratory Test Sequence and
Measures |
80 |
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Test Termination
Criteria |
82 |
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Interpretation of
Results |
84 |
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Muscular Strength
and Muscular Endurance |
85 |
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Rationale |
87 |
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Principles |
88 |
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Muscular Strength |
90 |
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Muscular Endurance |
93 |
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Special
Considerations |
96 |
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Flexibility |
98 |
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A Comprehensive
Health Fitness Evaluation |
101 |
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References |
102 |
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5 |
Clinical Exercise Testing |
105 |
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Indications and
Applications |
105 |
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Diagnostic Exercise
Testing |
105 |
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Exercise Testing for
Disease Severity and Prognosis |
106 |
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Exercise Testing
After Myocardial Infarction |
107 |
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Functional Exercise
Testing |
107 |
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Exercise Test
Modalities |
111 |
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Exercise Protocols |
112 |
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Upper-Body Exercise
Testing |
113 |
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Testing for Return
to Work |
113 |
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Measurements During
Exercise Testing |
116 |
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Heart Rate and Blood
Pressure |
116 |
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Electrocardiographic Monitoring |
118 |
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Subjective Ratings
and Symptoms |
120 |
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Gas Exchange and Ventilatory
Responses |
121 |
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Blood Gases |
121 |
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Indications for
Exercise Test Termination |
122 |
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Postexercise Period |
122 |
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Imaging Modalities |
123 |
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Exercise
Echocardiography |
123 |
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Exercise Nuclear
Imaging |
123 |
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Pharmacologic Stress
Testing |
129 |
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Computed Tomography
in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease |
130 |
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Supervision of
Exercise Testing |
131 |
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References |
132 |
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6 |
Interpretation
of Clinical Exercise Test Data |
135 |
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Exercise Testing as
a Screening Tool for Coronary Artery Disease |
135 |
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Interpretation of
Responses to Graded Exercise Testing |
136 |
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Heart Rate Response |
139 |
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Blood Pressure
Response |
139 |
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Electrocardiograph
Waveforms |
140 |
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Limiting Signs and
Symptoms |
143 |
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Gas Exchange and Ventilatory
Responses |
144 |
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Diagnostic Value of
Exercise Testing |
145 |
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Sensitivity |
145 |
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Specificity |
146 |
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Predictive Value |
147 |
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Comparison with
Imaging Stress Tests |
147 |
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Prognostic
Applications of the Exercise Test |
147 |
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References |
148 |
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SECTION III |
EXERCISE
PRESCRIPTION |
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7 |
General
Principles of Exercise Prescription |
152 |
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Exercise Mode (Type) |
152 |
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Components of the
Exercise Training Session |
153 |
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Aerobic
(Cardiovascular Endurance) Exercise |
154 |
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Quantity of
Exercise: How Much Exercise is Enough for Health/Fitness Benefits? |
154 |
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Aerobic
(Cardiovascular) Exercise Mode (Type) |
163 |
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The Components of
the Aerobic (Cardiovascular Endurance) Exercise Prescription: The FITT
Principle or Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of
Exercise |
165 |
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Rate of Progression |
165 |
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Muscular Fitness |
165 |
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Frequency of
Resistance Exercise |
168 |
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Types of Resistance
Exercises |
168 |
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Volume of Resistance
Exercise (Repetitions and Sets) |
169 |
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Resistance Exercise
Technique |
170 |
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Progression/Maintenance |
170 |
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Flexibility Exercise
(Stretching) |
171 |
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Neuromuscular
Exercise |
174 |
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Exercise Program
Supervision |
174 |
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Strategies for Improving
Exercise Adoption and Maintenance |
175 |
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References |
180 |
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8 |
Exercise
Prescription for Healthy Populations and Special Considerations |
183 |
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Pregnancy |
183 |
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Exercise Testing |
183 |
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Exercise Prescription |
184 |
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Special
Considerations |
185 |
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Children and
Adolescents |
187 |
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Exercise Testing |
188 |
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Exercise Prescription |
189 |
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Special
Considerations |
189 |
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Older Adult |
190 |
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Exercise Testing |
191 |
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Exercise Prescription |
192 |
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Special
Considerations |
194 |
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Environmental
Considerations |
194 |
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Exercise in Hot
Environments |
194 |
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Exercise in Cold
Environments |
198 |
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Exercise in
High-Altitude Environments |
201 |
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References |
204 |
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9 |
Exercise
Prescription for Patients with Cardiac Disease |
207 |
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Inpatient
Rehabilitation Programs |
207 |
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Frequency |
210 |
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Intensity |
210 |
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Time (Duration) |
210 |
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Progression |
210 |
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Outpatient Exercise
Programs |
211 |
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Exercise Prescription |
212 |
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Types of Outpatient
Exercise Programs |
216 |
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Special
Considerations |
216 |
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Exercise
Prescription without a Preliminary Exercise Test |
218 |
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Resistance Training
for Cardiac Patients |
219 |
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Exercise Training
for Return to Work |
222 |
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References |
222 |
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10 |
Exercise
Prescription for Other Clinical Populations |
225 |
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Arthritis |
225 |
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Exercise Testing |
225 |
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Exercise Prescription |
226 |
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Cancer |
228 |
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Exercise Testing |
228 |
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Exercise Prescription |
231 |
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Diabetes Mellitus |
232 |
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Exercise Testing |
233 |
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Exercise Prescription |
234 |
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Disabilities |
237 |
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Cerebral Palsy |
237 |
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Spinal Cord Injuries |
241 |
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Dyslipidemia |
244 |
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Exercise Testing |
245 |
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Exercise Prescription |
245 |
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Human
Immunodeficiency Virus |
246 |
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Exercise Testing |
246 |
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Exercise Prescription |
247 |
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Hypertension |
248 |
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Exercise Testing |
248 |
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Exercise Prescription |
249 |
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Metabolic Syndrome |
250 |
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Exercise Testing |
252 |
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Exercise
Prescription/Special Considerations |
252 |
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Overweight and
Obesity |
253 |
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Exercise Testing |
253 |
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Exercise Prescription |
254 |
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Behavioral Weight
Loss Program Recommendations |
255 |
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Osteoporosis |
256 |
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Exercise Testing |
256 |
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Exercise Prescription |
256 |
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Peripheral Artery
Disease |
258 |
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Exercise Testing |
259 |
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Exercise Prescription |
259 |
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Pulmonary Diseases |
260 |
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Exercise Testing |
261 |
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Exercise Prescription |
262 |
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Renal Disease |
264 |
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Exercise Testing |
264 |
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Exercise Prescription |
265 |
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References |
266 |
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SECTION IV |
APPENDICES |
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Appendix A |
Common
Medications |
274 |
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Appendix B |
Medical
Emergency Management |
292 |
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Appendix C |
Electrocardiogram
Interpretation |
302 |
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Appendix D |
|
310 |
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Index |
363 |
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