Preface

v

Acknowledgments

vi

1

General Principles of Drug Action

1

I

Dose-Response Relationships

1

II

Drug Absorption

6

III

Drug Distribution

9

IV

Drug Elimination and Termination of Action

10

V

Biotransformation (Metabolism) of Drugs

11

VI

Excretion of Drugs

14

VII

Pharmacokinetics

15

Review Test

19

2

Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

26

I

The Peripheral Efferent Nervous System

26

II

Parasympathomimetic Drugs

31

III

Muscarinic-Receptor Antagonists

35

IV

Ganglion-Blocking Drugs

38

V

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

38

VI

Sympathomimetic Drugs

41

VII

Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists

47

Review Test

52

3

Drugs Acting on the Renal System

60

I

Diuretics

60

II

Nondiuretic Inhibitors of Tubular Transport

66

Review Test

68

4

Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System

72

I

Agents Used to Treat Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

72

II

Antiarrhythmic Drugs

78

III

Antianginal Agents

83

IV

Antihypertensive Drugs

85

V

Drugs that Lower Plasma Lipids

91

Review Test

95

5

Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System

100

I

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

100

II

Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Drugs

105

III

Antidepressant Drugs

109

IV

Lithium

114

V

Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists

115

VI

Antiparkinsonian Drugs and Drugs Used to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

121

VII

Antiepileptic Drugs

125

VIII

General Anesthetics

128

IX

Local Anesthetics

133

X

Drugs of Abuse

136

Review Test

145

6

Autocoids, Ergots, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, and Immunosuppressive Agents

150

I

Histamine and Antihistamines

150

II

Serotonin and Serotonin Antagonists

154

III

Ergots

155

IV

Eicosanoids

157

V

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

159

VI

Drugs Used for Gout

167

VII

Immunosuppressive Agents

168

Review Test

172

7

Drugs Used in Anemia and Disorders of Hemostasis

175

I

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemias

175

II

Drugs Acting on Myeloid Cells

179

III

Drugs Used in Hemostatic Disorders

179

Review Test

186

8

Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract

191

I

Antiemetics

191

II

Anorexigenics and Appetite Enhancers

193

III

Agents Used for Upper GI Tract Disorders

193

IV

Prokinetic Agents

197

V

Drugs Used to Dissolve Gallstones

197

VI

Digestive Enzyme Replacements

198

VII

Agents that Act on the Lower GI Tract

198

Review Test

202

9

Drugs Acting on the Pulmonary System

206

I

Introduction to Pulmonary Disorders

206

II

Agents Used to Treat Asthma and Other Bronchial Disorders

206

III

Drugs Used to Treat Rhinitis and Cough

212

Review Test

214

10

Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System

216

I

Hormone Receptors

216

II

The Hypothalamus

216

III

The Anterior Pituitary

220

IV

The Posterior Pituitary

222

V

Drugs Acting on the Gonadal and Reproductive System

223

VI

The Adrenal Cortex

232

VII

The Thyroid

236

VIII

The Pancreas and Glucose Homeostasis

238

IX

The Calcium Homeostatic System

243

X

Retinoic Acid and Derivatives

246

Review Test

249

11

Drugs Used in Treatment of Infectious Diseases

252

I

Infectious Disease Therapy

252

II

Antibacterials

253

III

Antimycobacterial Agents

265

IV

Antifungal Agents

269

V

Antiparasitic Drugs

271

VI

Antiviral Drugs

275

Review Test

282

12

Cancer Chemotherapy

287

I

Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy

287

II

Alkylating Agents

288

III

Antimetabolites

292

IV

Natural Products

295

V

Miscellaneous Agents

298

VI

Steroid Hormone Agonists and Antagonists and Related Drugs

300

VII

Adjunct Agents

302

Review Test

304

13

Toxicology

309

I

Principles and Terminology

309

II

Air Pollutants

311

III

Solvents

313

IV

Insecticides and Herbicides

313

V

Furaigants and Rodenticides

315

VI

Heavy Metal Poisoning and Management

315

VII

Drug Poisoning

319

Review Test

321

Comprehensive Examination

324

Index

341