Table
of Contents
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Pre-Test |
xxiii |
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SECTION 1 |
FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |
1 |
|
Chapter 1 |
The Role of
a Surgical Technologist |
2 |
|
|
Terminology and Definitions |
3 |
|
|
Moral Ethical, And Legal Responsibilities |
9 |
|
|
Moral |
9 |
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Ethical |
10 |
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|
Legal |
11 |
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|
Standards of Professional Practice |
13 |
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|
Surgical Conscience |
13 |
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|
AST Code of Ethics
for the Surgical Technologist |
13 |
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|
Conclusion |
14 |
|
Chapter 2 |
Medical
Terminology |
15 |
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|
Medical Terms |
14 |
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|
A |
16 |
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B |
20 |
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C |
21 |
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D |
23 |
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E |
24 |
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F |
26 |
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G |
26 |
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H |
27 |
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I |
28 |
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J |
29 |
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K |
29 |
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L |
29 |
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M |
30 |
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N |
31 |
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O |
31 |
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P |
32 |
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R |
34 |
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S |
35 |
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T |
36 |
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U |
37 |
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V |
37 |
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W |
38 |
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Word Origins |
38 |
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Prefixes |
38 |
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Suffixes |
39 |
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Root words |
39 |
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Abbreviations |
41 |
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Conclusion |
43 |
|
Chapter 3 |
Microbiology
and Wound Healing |
44 |
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|
The Cell |
45 |
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|
Structure |
45 |
|
|
Functions of a Cell |
46 |
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|
Types of Cellular
Reproduction |
46 |
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|
Components of a Cell |
47 |
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|
Transport of Material
Through a Cell Membrane |
47 |
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|
Types of Tissue and their Function |
48 |
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Epithelial Tissue |
48 |
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Connective Tissue |
48 |
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Muscle Tissue |
48 |
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Nerve Tissue |
48 |
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Membranes |
49 |
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Mucous Membranes |
49 |
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Serous Membranes |
49 |
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Synovial Membranes |
49 |
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Cutaneous Membranes |
49 |
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|
Basics of Microbiology |
49 |
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Major Classes of
Microorganisms |
49 |
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|
Types of
Relationships Between Microbes |
49 |
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Bacteria |
50 |
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|
Characteristics of Rickettsiae |
51 |
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|
Characteristics of Helminths |
51 |
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|
Characteristics of
Viruses |
51 |
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Infection and the
Body’s Defenses Against Disease |
52 |
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Transmission |
52 |
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Portals of Entry and
Exit |
53 |
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Types of Infections |
54 |
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Preventing the
Transmission of Infections |
54 |
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The Body’s Response
to Infection |
55 |
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The Process of Wound Healing |
56 |
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Types of Wound
Healing |
56 |
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|
Types of Wounds |
58 |
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Classes of Wounds |
58 |
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|
Surgical Wounds |
58 |
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Factors That
Influence Wound Healing |
60 |
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Postoperative
Complications |
60 |
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Effects of Aseptic
Technique on Wound Healing |
60 |
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Conclusion |
62 |
|
Chapter 4 |
Pharmacology
and Anesthesia |
63 |
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|
Pharmacology |
63 |
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Names of Drugs |
63 |
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|
General Information |
64 |
|
|
Drugs Administered
during Surgery |
66 |
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|
Intravenous
Solutions, Blood Replacements, and Blood Substitutes |
70 |
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|
Drugs Used during
Surgical Emergencies |
71 |
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|
Care and Handling of
Medications |
71 |
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|
Medication
Abbreviations |
73 |
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|
Anesthesia |
76 |
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Preoperative
Assessment |
77 |
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Classification of
Preoperative Medications |
77 |
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|
Types of Anesthesia |
78 |
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Possible Complications
of Anesthesia |
80 |
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|
Conclusion |
82 |
|
SECTION
II |
ASEPSIS,
STERILIZATION, EQUIPMENT, AND GENERAL CARE AND SAFETY |
83 |
|
Chapter 5 |
Sterilization
Methods |
84 |
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|
Sterilization Methods |
84 |
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Steam Sterilization |
84 |
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Gas Sterilization |
86 |
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Sterilization Requirements |
87 |
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|
Steam Sterilization |
87 |
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Gas Sterilization |
88 |
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Disinfectant/Sterilization Agents |
88 |
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Disinfectants |
88 |
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Monitoring the Sterilization Process |
89 |
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Biological Monitors |
89 |
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Chemical Monitors |
89 |
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Mechanical Monitors |
89 |
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Handling Contaminated Instruments |
90 |
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Conclusion |
91 |
|
Chapter 6 |
Equipment,
Supplies, and Instrumentation |
93 |
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|
Instruments |
94 |
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|
Anatomy |
94 |
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|
Classification |
94 |
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|
Handling and Care of Surgical Instruments |
98 |
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|
Before the Procedure |
99 |
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|
During the Procedure |
99 |
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|
After the Procedure |
100 |
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|
General Surgery Trays |
101 |
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General Surgery Major
and Minor Instrument Trays |
101 |
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|
Diagnostic Procedures |
102 |
|
|
Common Methods of
Diagnosis |
102 |
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|
Instruments and Equipment Used for Diagnostic Procedures |
102 |
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|
Instruments and
Equipment |
102 |
|
|
Types of Endoscopes and
their Uses |
103 |
|
|
Radiology Equipment
Used in Diagnostic Procedures |
103 |
|
|
Characteristics of
Computed Tomography (CT) Scans |
104 |
|
|
Characteristics of Ultrasonography |
104 |
|
|
Characteristics of
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
105 |
|
|
Specimens |
105 |
|
|
Basic Pathology
Studies |
105 |
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|
Care and Handling of
Specimens |
106 |
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|
Special Handling
Required for Some Specimens |
107 |
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|
Sutures and Needles |
108 |
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Purposes of Sutures |
108 |
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Characteristics |
108 |
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Classifications |
109 |
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|
Tissue Reaction |
109 |
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|
Suture Selection |
109 |
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|
Suturing Techniques |
110 |
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|
Suture Packaging |
110 |
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|
Suture Preparation
and Handling |
111 |
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|
Needle Selection |
112 |
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|
Surgical Staples and
Ligation
Clips |
113 |
|
|
Sponges, Dressings, and Packings |
114 |
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|
Surgical Sponges |
114 |
|
|
Surgical Dressings |
115 |
|
|
Purposes of Dressings |
116 |
|
|
Specialty Dressings |
116 |
|
|
Application of a Surgical
Dressing |
117 |
|
|
Drainage Systems and Tubes |
117 |
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|
Catheters, Drains,
and Tubes |
118 |
|
|
Types of Catheters,
Drains, and Tubes |
119 |
|
|
Syringes and Hypodermic Needles |
120 |
|
|
Handling |
120 |
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|
Characteristics |
120 |
|
|
Types |
121 |
|
|
Operating Room Furniture and Equipment |
122 |
|
|
Tables |
122 |
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|
Mobile Equipment |
122 |
|
|
Lighting and
Electronics |
124 |
|
|
Miscellaneous |
124 |
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|
Basic Science |
124 |
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|
Computers |
124 |
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|
Electricity |
125 |
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|
Physics |
125 |
|
|
Electrosurgery |
126 |
|
|
Laser Surgery |
126 |
|
|
Robotics |
128 |
|
|
Conclusion |
128 |
|
Chapter 7 |
General
Patient Care and Safety Utilizing Aseptic Technique |
130 |
|
|
General Safety Rules and Guidelines |
131 |
|
|
General Guidelines |
131 |
|
|
Safety Guidelines |
131 |
|
|
Reporting Guidelines |
131 |
|
|
Electrical Equipment Guidelines |
131 |
|
|
General Guidelines |
131 |
|
|
Safety Guidelines |
132 |
|
|
Reporting Guidelines |
132 |
|
|
Types of Emergencies |
132 |
|
|
Hazardous Materials |
132 |
|
|
Principles of Asepsis |
133 |
|
|
Modes of
Contamination |
133 |
|
|
Sources of
Contamination |
133 |
|
|
Universal Precautions |
133 |
|
|
Guidelines for
Operating Room Attire |
134 |
|
|
Personal Hygiene |
135 |
|
|
Scrubbing, Gowning,
and Gloving |
136 |
|
|
Positioning the
Patient for Surgery |
140 |
|
|
Prepping and Draping
the Patient |
142 |
|
|
The Surgical Operating Room |
145 |
|
|
The Operating Room |
145 |
|
|
The Surgical Team |
146 |
|
|
General Guidelines
for the Sterile Field |
146 |
|
|
Sterile Personnel |
147 |
|
|
Nonsterile Personnel |
147 |
|
|
Sterile Packages |
147 |
|
|
Cleaning the
Operating Room |
148 |
|
|
A Case Management
Approach |
149 |
|
|
Preoperative Phase |
150 |
|
|
Intraoperative Phase |
150 |
|
|
Postoperative Phase |
150 |
|
|
Responsibilities of
the Surgical Technologist in the Circulator Role |
150 |
|
|
Special Demands on
the Surgical Technologist |
151 |
|
|
Communication Skills
for Patient Care |
151 |
|
|
Hazards in the
Operating Room |
152 |
|
|
Case Management Example |
152 |
|
|
Duties of the
Surgical Technologist during a Laparotomy |
153 |
|
|
Conclusion |
155 |
|
SECTION III |
CLINICAL
ANATOMY AND ITS RELATED SURGICAL PROCEDURES |
157 |
|
Chapter 8 |
General
Surgery Procedures |
158 |
|
|
Terminology |
158 |
|
|
Anatomy |
160 |
|
|
Cavities of the Body |
160 |
|
|
Definitions of
Anatomy |
162 |
|
|
Instrumentation, Positioning, Draping, and Prep |
163 |
|
|
Instrumentation |
163 |
|
|
Positioning |
163 |
|
|
Draping |
163 |
|
|
Prep |
163 |
|
|
Incisions |
163 |
|
|
Overview of Common General Surgeries |
163 |
|
|
Diagnostic Procedures |
166 |
|
|
General Surgery Procedures |
166 |
|
|
Appendectomy (Open
or Laparoscopic) |
166 |
|
|
Breast Surgeries |
167 |
|
|
Cholecystectomy |
169 |
|
|
Colon Resection or Colectomy |
171 |
|
|
Esophagectomy |
173 |
|
|
Exploratory Laparotomy |
174 |
|
|
Gastrectomy |
175 |
|
|
Gastric Bypass |
176 |
|
|
Gastrostomy |
177 |
|
|
Hemorrhoidectomy |
178 |
|
|
Hernia Repair |
179 |
|
|
Ileostomy |
18! |
|
|
Liver Resection |
181 |
|
|
Nissen’s Fundoplication |
183 |
|
|
Parathyroidectomy |
183 |
|
|
Pilonidal Cystectomy |
185 |
|
|
Pyloromyotomy |
186 |
|
|
Spienectomy |
186 |
|
|
Thyroidectomy |
187 |
|
|
Tracheotomy and Tracheostomy |
188 |
|
|
Vagotomy |
190 |
|
|
Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy) |
190 |
|
|
Conclusion |
191 |
|
Chapter 9 |
Obstetrical
and Gynecological Surgical Procedures |
193 |
|
|
Reasons for Surgical intervention |
193 |
|
|
Terminology |
194 |
|
|
General Terms |
194 |
|
|
Labor and Delivery
Terms |
195 |
|
|
Anatomy |
196 |
|
|
Instrumentation, Positioning Draping, and Prep |
197 |
|
|
Instruments |
197 |
|
|
Positioning |
198 |
|
|
Draping |
198 |
|
|
Prep |
198 |
|
|
Incisions |
199 |
|
|
Special Features |
199 |
|
|
Overview of Surgeries |
199 |
|
|
General Procedures |
199 |
|
|
Laser Procedures |
200 |
|
|
Diagnostic Procedures |
201 |
|
|
Surgical Procedures |
202 |
|
|
Cerclage |
202 |
|
|
Cervical Conization |
202 |
|
|
Cesarean Section
(C-Section) |
203 |
|
|
Colporrhaphy |
204 |
|
|
Dilation and Curettage
(D&C) |
205 |
|
|
Episiotomy |
206 |
|
|
Hysteroscopy |
207 |
|
|
Intrauterine Ablation |
208 |
|
|
Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal
Hysterectomy (LAVH) |
208 |
|
|
Myomectomy |
209 |
|
|
Marsupialization of Bartholin’s
Gland Cyst |
210 |
|
|
Oophorectomy |
211 |
|
|
Pelvic Exenteration |
212 |
|
|
Salpingectomy |
213 |
|
|
Total Abdominal
Hysterectomy |
214 |
|
|
Vaginoplasty |
215 |
|
|
Vaginal Hysterectomy |
216 |
|
|
Vaginal Delivery |
216 |
|
|
Vulvectomy |
217 |
|
|
Conclusion |
218 |
|
Chapter 10 |
Genitourinary Surgical Procedures |
219 |
|
|
Reasons for Surgical
Intervention |
219 |
|
|
Terminology |
220 |
|
|
Anatomy |
222 |
|
|
Functions of the
Urinary System |
222 |
|
|
Anatomy of the
Urinary System |
222 |
|
|
Instrumentation, Positioning, Draping, and Prep |
224 |
|
|
Instruments |
224 |
|
|
Positioning |
225 |
|
|
Draping |
225 |
|
|
Prep |
225 |
|
|
Incisions |
225 |
|
|
Special Features |
226 |
|
|
General |
226 |
|
|
Catheters |
226 |
|
|
Overview of Surgeries |
228 |
|
|
Diagnostic Procedures |
228 |
|
|
Laboratory Tests |
229 |
|
|
Surgical Procedures |
229 |
|
|
Adrenalectomy |
229 |
|
|
Circumcision |
230 |
|
|
Cystectomy |
230 |
|
|
Cystoscopy |
231 |
|
|
Hypospadias Repair |
232 |
|
|
Kidney Transplant |
233 |
|
|
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz
Procedure (Vesicourethral
Suspension) |
234 |
|
|
Nephrectomy |
235 |
|
|
Orchiectomy |
236 |
|
|
Orchiopexy |
236 |
|
|
Prostatectomy |
237 |
|
|
Transurethral Resection
of the Prostate (TURP) |
238 |
|
|
Vasectomy |
239 |
|
|
Conclusion |
240 |
|
Chapter 11 |
Ophthalmological Surgical Procedures |
241 |
|
|
Reasons for Surgical Intervention |
241 |
|
|
Terminology |
242 |
|
|
Anatomy |
243 |
|
|
Instrumentation, Positioning, Draping, and Prep |
245 |
|
|
Instruments |
245 |
|
|
Positioning |
246 |
|
|
Draping |
246 |
|
|
Prep |
246 |
|
|
Special Features |
246 |
|
|
Medications |
246 |
|
|
Anesthesia |
246 |
|
|
Equipment |
246 |
|
|
Overview of Surgeries |
247 |
|
|
Surgical Procedures |
248 |
|
|
Anterior Vitrectomy |
248 |
|
|
Cataract Extraction |
248 |
|
|
Chalazion Excision |
250 |
|
|
Entropian/Ectropian Repair |
250 |
|
|
Enucleation |
251 |
|
|
Evisceration |
252 |
|
|
Exenteration |
252 |
|
|
Iridectomy |
253 |
|
|
Keratoplasty (Corneal Transplant) |
254 |
|
|
Lacrimal Duct Probing |
255 |
|
|
Pterygium Excision |
256 |
|
|
Scleral Buckle |
257 |
|
|
Strabismus Repair |
257 |
|
|
Vitrectomy |
258 |
|
|
Conclusion |
259 |
|
Chapter 12 |
Otorhinolaryngological Surgical Procedures |
261 |
|
|
Ear |
262 |
|
|
Reasons for Surgical
Intervention |
263 |
|
|
Special Features |
366 |
|
|
General |
366 |
|
|
Anesthesia |
367 |
|
|
Equipment |
367 |
|
|
Medications |
367 |
|
|
Overview of Surgeries |
368 |
|
|
Diagnostic Procedures |
349 |
|
|
Surgical Procedures |
370 |
|
|
Coronary Artery
Bypass Graft (CABG) |
370 |
|
|
Decortication of the Lung |
372 |
|
|
Lobectomy |
372 |
|
|
Mitral Valve Replacement |
373 |
|
|
Insertion of a
Pacemaker |
376 |
|
|
Pneumectomy |
377 |
|
|
Pulmonary Wedge
Resection |
378 |
|
|
Thoracoscopy |
379 |
|
|
Thymectomy |
380 |
|
|
Conclusion |
382 |
|
Chapter 17 |
Neurological
Surgical Procedures |
383 |
|
|
Reasons for Surgical Intervention |
383 |
|
|
Terminology |
384 |
|
|
Anatomy |
385 |
|
|
Instrumentation, Positioning, Draping, and Prep |
388 |
|
|
Instruments |
388 |
|
|
Positioning |
389 |
|
|
Draping |
389 |
|
|
Prep |
390 |
|
|
Special Features |
390 |
|
|
General |
390 |
|
|
Anesthesia |
391 |
|
|
Equipment |
391 |
|
|
Medications |
391 |
|
|
Overview of Surgeries |
392 |
|
|
Diagnostic Procedures |
392 |
|
|
Surgical Procedures |
393 |
|
|
Acoustic Neuroma Resection |
393 |
|
|
Anterior Cervical Diskectomy with
Fusion |
394 |
|
|
Cordotomy |
395 |
|
|
Cranioplasty |
396 |
|
|
Craniosynostosis Repair |
397 |
|
|
Craniotomy |
399 |
|
|
Laminectomy |
400 |
|
|
Ventricular Shunt
Placement |
401 |
|
|
Conclusion |
403 |
|
SECTION
IV |
THE
CERTIFIED SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |
405 |
|
Chapter 18 |
Certification
and Employment: A Profession with a Heart and Mind |
406 |
|
|
National
Certification |
406 |
|
|
General Tips on
Answering Multiple Choice Questions |
408 |
|
|
General Test-Taking
Tips |
408 |
|
|
Licensure, Registration, and Certification |
408 |
|
|
The Resume |
409 |
|
|
Name |
411 |
|
|
Objective |
411 |
|
|
Experience |
411 |
|
|
Education |
41H |
|
|
Accomplishments |
411 |
|
|
The Do’s and Don’ts
for Your Resume |
412 |
|
|
The Cover Letter |
412 |
|
|
The Interview |
412 |
|
|
One-on-One Interview |
413 |
|
|
“Gang” Interview |
414 |
|
|
Group Interview |
414 |
|
|
Rules of the
Interview |
414 |
|
|
The Thank You Letter |
415 |
|
|
Job Search |
415 |
|
|
Compassion, Dedication, and Commitment |
416 |
|
|
Compassion |
416 |
|
|
Dedication and
Commitment |
418 |
|
|
CST’s Alphabet of
Positive Words |
418 |
|
|
Conclusion |
422 |
|
|
Post-Test |
423 |
|
|
Bibliography |
441 |
|
|
Index |
443 |
|
|
|
|