Table of Contents
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SECTION 1 |
FOUNDATIONS OF
EXAMINATION |
1 |
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Chapter 1 |
The Injury
Examination Process |
1 |
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Systematic Examination Technique |
1 |
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|
Description of the Examination Model |
2 |
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The Role of the Uninjured Paired Structure |
2 |
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|
Clinical Assessment |
2 |
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|
History |
4 |
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Physical Examination |
13 |
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|
Inspection |
14 |
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Palpation |
16 |
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Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
17 |
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Special Tests |
25 |
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Neurological Screening |
25 |
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Vascular Screening |
29 |
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The Role of Evidence in the Examination Process |
29 |
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Chapter 2 |
Examination
and Management of Acute Pathologies |
33 |
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Emergency Planning |
34 |
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Sport-Specific Rules |
34 |
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Critical Findings |
34 |
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The On-Field Examination |
34 |
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Equipment Considerations |
37 |
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Primary Survey |
37 |
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Secondary Survey |
37 |
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On-Field History |
38 |
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On-Field Inspection |
39 |
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On-Field Palpation |
39 |
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On-Field Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
40 |
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On-Field Joint Stability Tests |
40 |
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On-Field Neurologic Testing |
40 |
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On-Field Vascular Assessment |
40 |
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Immediate Management |
40 |
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Splinting |
41 |
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Transportation |
41 |
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Disposition |
41 |
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Return to Activity Decision Making |
43 |
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Chapter 3 |
Evidence-Based
Practice in the Diagnostic Process |
45 |
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The Role of Evidence-Based Practice in Orthopedic Examination and
Diagnosis |
47 |
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Fundamentals of Interpreting Research |
47 |
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Reliability |
47 |
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Diagnostic Accuracy |
48 |
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Diagnostic Gold Standard |
49 |
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Diagnostic Predictive Value |
49 |
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Sensitivity and Specificity |
50 |
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Likelihood Ratios |
51 |
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Positive Likelihood Ratio |
52 |
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Negative Likelihood Ratio |
52 |
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Interpreting Likelihood Ratios |
52 |
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Clinical Decision Rules |
54 |
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Use of Evidence in this Text |
54 |
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Incorporating Evidence-Based Practice into Clinical Diagnosis |
55 |
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Chapter 4 |
Injury
Pathology Nomenclature |
57 |
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Tissue Response to Stress |
57 |
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Stress-Strain Relationships |
57 |
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Mechanisms of Injury |
58 |
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Tensile Forces |
58 |
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Compression Forces |
58 |
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Shear Forces |
58 |
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Torsion Forces |
59 |
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Direct Blow |
59 |
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Soft Tissue Pathology |
59 |
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Musculotendinous Injuries |
59 |
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Joint Structure Pathology |
65 |
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Articular Surface Pathology |
71 |
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Bony Pathology |
73 |
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Exostosis |
74 |
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Apophysitis |
75 |
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Fractures |
75 |
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Neurovascular Pathologies |
80 |
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Peripheral Nerve Injury |
80 |
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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome |
81 |
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Chapter 5 |
Musculoskeletal
Diagnostic Techniques |
83 |
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Imaging Techniques |
84 |
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Radiography |
85 |
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Computed Tomography Scan |
86 |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
87 |
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Bone Scan |
90 |
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Diagnostic Ultrasound |
90 |
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Nerve Conduction Study/Electromyography |
92 |
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Chapter 6 |
Assessment
of Posture |
95 |
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Clinical Anatomy |
95 |
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The Kinetic Chain |
95 |
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Muscular Function |
97 |
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Muscular Length-Tension Relationships |
97 |
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Agonist and Antagonist Relationships |
98 |
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Muscle Imbalances |
99 |
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Noncontractile Soft Tissue Influences |
100 |
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Clinical Examination of Posture |
100 |
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History |
101 |
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Inspection |
102 |
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Views of Postural Inspection |
102 |
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Palpation |
109 |
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Muscle Length Assessment |
116 |
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Assessing for Shortness of the Lower Extremity Muscles |
116 |
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Assessing for Shortness of the Upper Extremity Muscles |
116 |
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Common Postural Deviations |
116 |
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Foot and Ankle |
118 |
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The Knee |
120 |
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Spinal Column |
124 |
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Shoulder and Scapula |
125 |
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Head and Cervical Spine |
128 |
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Interrelationship Between Regions |
129 |
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Documentation of Postural Assessment |
132 |
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Chapter 7 |
Evaluation
of Gait Monique Mokha, PhD, ATC |
137 |
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Gait Terminology |
137 |
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Walking Gait Phases |
139 |
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Stance Phase |
139 |
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Swing Phase |
140 |
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Muscle Activity During Gait |
141 |
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Hip |
141 |
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Knee |
141 |
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Foot and Ankle |
146 |
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Running Gait Cycle |
146 |
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Stance Phase |
146 |
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Swing Phase |
147 |
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Observational Gait Analysis |
147 |
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Observational Gait Analysis Findings |
150 |
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SECTION 2 |
REGIONAL EXAMINATION |
157 |
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Chapter 8 |
Foot and
Toe Pathologies |
157 |
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Clinical Anatomy |
157 |
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Rearfoot |
158 |
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Midfoot |
158 |
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Forefoot and Toes |
158 |
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Articulations and Ligamentous Support |
159 |
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Muscles Acting on the Foot and Toes |
161 |
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Arches of the Foot |
164 |
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Neurologic Anatomy |
166 |
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Vascular Anatomy |
166 |
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Clinical Examination of Foot and Toe Injuries |
167 |
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History |
168 |
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Inspection |
170 |
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Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
181 |
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Joint Stability Tests |
190 |
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Neurologic Examination |
190 |
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Vascular Examination |
190 |
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Pathologies of the Foot and Toes and Related Special Tests |
192 |
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Influence of Foot Structure on Pathology |
193 |
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Plantar Fasciitis |
198 |
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Tarsal Coalition |
201 |
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Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome |
202 |
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Metatarsal Fractures |
204 |
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Lisfranc Injuries |
208 |
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Phalangeal Fractures |
210 |
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Intermetatarsal Neuromas |
210 |
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Hallux Rigidus |
211 |
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Hallux Valgus |
214 |
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First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprains |
214 |
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Sesamoiditis |
214 |
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On-Field Evaluation of Foot Injuries |
217 |
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|
Equipment Considerations |
217 |
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On-Field History |
217 |
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On-Field Inspection |
217 |
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On-Field Palpation |
217 |
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On-Field Range-of-Motion Tests |
217 |
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On-Field Management of Foot Injuries |
217 |
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Plantar Fascia Ruptures |
218 |
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Fractures and Dislocations |
218 |
|
Chapter 9 |
Ankle and
Leg Pathologies |
221 |
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Clinical Anatomy |
221 |
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Related Bony Structures |
222 |
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Articulations and Ligamentous Support |
223 |
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Muscles of the Leg and Ankle |
225 |
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Bursae |
229 |
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Neurologic Anatomy |
229 |
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Vascular Anatomy |
230 |
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|
Clinical Examination of the Ankle and Leg |
230 |
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|
History |
230 |
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Past Medical History |
230 |
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History of the Present Condition |
230 |
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Inspection |
233 |
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Inspection of the Anterior Structures |
234 |
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|
Inspection of the Posterior Structures |
235 |
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|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
239 |
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|
Joint Stability Tests |
243 |
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|
Neurologic Testing |
250 |
|
|
Vascular Assessment |
251 |
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|
Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
251 |
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|
Ankle Sprains |
252 |
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|
Ankle and Leg Fractures |
260 |
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|
Os Trigonum Injury |
264 |
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|
Achilles Tendon Pathology |
266 |
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|
Peroneal Tendon Pathology |
270 |
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Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome |
273 |
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Stress Fractures |
273 |
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|
Compartment Syndromes |
277 |
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|
Deep Vein Thrombosis |
281 |
|
|
On-Field Examination of Leg and Ankle Injuries |
281 |
|
|
Equipment Considerations |
281 |
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|
On-Field History |
282 |
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|
On-Field Inspection |
282 |
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|
On-Field Palpation |
282 |
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|
283 |
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Initial Management of On-Field Injuries |
283 |
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|
Ankle Dislocations |
283 |
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|
Compartment Syndrome |
284 |
|
Chapter 10 |
Knee
Pathologies |
289 |
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|
Clinical Anatomy |
289 |
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Articulations and Ligamentous Support |
290 |
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|
The Menisci |
293 |
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|
Muscles Acting on the Knee |
295 |
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|
Neurologic Anatomy |
299 |
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|
Vascular Anatomy |
299 |
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|
Clinical Examination of Knee Injuries |
299 |
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|
History |
299 |
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Past Medical History |
299 |
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History of the Present Condition |
299 |
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|
Inspection |
302 |
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|
Determination of Intracapsular versus Extracapsular Swelling |
309 |
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|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
311 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
313 |
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|
Neurologic Testing |
320 |
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|
Vascular Testing |
321 |
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|
Pathologies of the Knee and Related Special Tests |
325 |
|
|
Uniplanar Knee Sprains |
325 |
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|
Rotational Knee Instabilities |
332 |
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|
Meniscal Tears |
340 |
|
|
Osteochondral Lesions |
344 |
|
|
Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome |
347 |
|
|
Popliteus Tendinopathy |
357 |
|
|
Tibiofemoral Joint Dislocations |
360 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation of Knee Injuries |
364 |
|
|
Equipment Considerations |
364 |
|
|
On-Field History |
364 |
|
|
On-Field Inspection |
365 |
|
|
On-Field Palpation |
365 |
|
|
|
365 |
|
|
On-Field Ligamentous Tests |
365 |
|
|
On-Field Management of Knee Injuries |
366 |
|
|
Tibiofemoral Joint Dislocations |
366 |
|
|
Collateral and Cruciate Ligament Sprains |
366 |
|
|
Meniscal Tears |
366 |
|
Chapter 11 |
Patellofemoral Articulation Pathologies |
371 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
371 |
|
|
Articulations and Ligamentous Support |
371 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy and Related Soft Tissues |
372 |
|
|
|
373 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of the Patellofemoral
Joint |
373 |
|
|
History |
373 |
|
|
History of the Present Condition |
375 |
|
|
Inspection |
376 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
384 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
385 |
|
|
Neurologic and Vascular Testing |
385 |
|
|
Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
385 |
|
|
Patellofemoral Pain with Malalignment |
388 |
|
|
Patellofemoral Instability |
391 |
|
|
Patellofemoral Pain without Malalignment |
392 |
|
|
Traumatic Conditions |
402 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation of Patellofemoral Injuries |
405 |
|
|
Equipment Considerations |
405 |
|
|
On-Field History |
405 |
|
|
On-Field Palpation |
405 |
|
|
On-Field Functional Assessment |
405 |
|
|
Initial Management of On-Field Injuries |
407 |
|
|
Patellar Tendon Rupture and Patellar Fracture |
407 |
|
|
Patella r Dislocation |
407 |
|
Chapter 12 |
Pelvis and
Thigh Pathologies |
411 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
411 |
|
|
Articulations and Ligamentous Support |
412 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
413 |
|
|
Bursae |
417 |
|
|
Neurologic Anatomy |
418 |
|
|
Vascular Anatomy |
418 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of the Pelvis and Thigh |
418 |
|
|
History |
418 |
|
|
Past Medical History |
420 |
|
|
History of the Present Condition |
420 |
|
|
Inspection |
420 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
426 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
429 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
431 |
|
|
Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
438 |
|
|
Iliac Crest Contusion |
438 |
|
|
Muscle Strains |
438 |
|
|
Quadriceps Contusion |
440 |
|
|
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis |
441 |
|
|
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease |
442 |
|
|
Femoral Neck Stress Fracture |
443 |
|
|
Degenerative Hip Changes |
443 |
|
|
Labral Tears |
445 |
|
|
Athletic Pubalgia |
446 |
|
|
Piriformis Syndrome |
447 |
|
|
Snapping Hip Syndrome (Coxa Saltans) |
449 |
|
|
Bursitis |
450 |
|
|
Ischial Bursitis |
452 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation of Pelvis and Thigh Injuries |
452 |
|
|
Initial Evaluation and Management of On-Field Injuries |
452 |
|
Chapter 13 |
Thoracic
and Lumbar Spine Pathologies |
457 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
458 |
|
|
Bony Anatomy |
458 |
|
|
Intervertebral Disks |
460 |
|
|
Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy |
461 |
|
|
Neurologic Anatomy |
462 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
463 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine |
467 |
|
|
History |
467 |
|
|
Past Medical History |
468 |
|
|
History of the Present Condition |
468 |
|
|
Nonorganic Origin of Pain |
469 |
|
|
Inspection |
469 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
475 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
482 |
|
|
Special Tests |
482 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
488 |
|
|
Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
495 |
|
|
Spinal Stenosis |
495 |
|
|
Segmental Instability |
499 |
|
|
Spondylopathies |
501 |
|
|
Sacroiliac Dysfunction |
504 |
|
|
Thoracic Spine |
504 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries |
508 |
|
|
On-Field History |
508 |
|
|
On-Field Inspection |
511 |
|
|
On-Field Neurologic Tests |
511 |
|
|
On-Field Palpation |
511 |
|
|
On-Field Management of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries |
511 |
|
|
Thoracic Spine |
511 |
|
|
Lumbar Spine |
511 |
|
Chapter 14 |
Cervical
Spine Pathologies |
515 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
515 |
|
|
Intervertebral Disks |
516 |
|
|
Ligamentous Anatomy |
516 |
|
|
Neurological Anatomy |
517 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
518 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of the Cervical Spine |
519 |
|
|
History |
519 |
|
|
Inspection |
525 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
527 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
538 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
538 |
|
|
Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
540 |
|
|
Cervical Radiculopathy |
540 |
|
|
Clinical Cervical Instability |
553 |
|
|
Facet Joint Dysfunction |
553 |
|
|
Brachial Plexus Pathology |
553 |
|
|
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
555 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Cervical Spine Injuries |
560 |
|
|
Brachial Plexus Injury |
562 |
|
Chapter 15 |
Thoracic,
Abdominal, and Cardiopulmonary Pathologies |
565 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
565 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
566 |
|
|
Respiratory Tract |
566 |
|
|
Cardiovascular Anatomy |
567 |
|
|
Digestive Tract |
568 |
|
|
Lymphatic Organ |
568 |
|
|
Urinary Tract |
569 |
|
|
Reproductive Tract |
569 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of Thoracic, Abdominal, and Cardiopulmonary
Pathologies |
570 |
|
|
History |
570 |
|
|
Inspection |
573 |
|
|
Review of Systems |
575 |
|
|
Pathologies of the Thoracic and Abdominal Regions and Related Special
Tests |
588 |
|
|
Injuries to the Thorax |
588 |
|
|
Pathologies of the Abdominal and Urinary Organs |
593 |
|
|
Kidney Pathologies |
593 |
|
|
Appendicitis and Appendix Rupture |
596 |
|
|
Hollow Organ Rupture |
598 |
|
|
Pathology of the Reproductive Organs |
598 |
|
|
Cardiopulmonary Pathologies |
600 |
|
|
Respiratory Pathologies |
605 |
|
|
On-Field Examination of Thoracic, Abdominal, and Cardiopulmonary
Pathologies |
607 |
|
|
Examination of the Unconscious Athlete |
607 |
|
|
Inspection and Palpation of the Conscious Athlete |
609 |
|
|
On-Field Management of Thoracic, Abdominal, and Cardiopulmonary
Pathologies |
609 |
|
|
Rib Fractures |
610 |
|
|
Pneumothorax and Hemothorax |
610 |
|
|
Open Pneumothorax |
610 |
|
|
Hollow Organ Injuries |
610 |
|
|
Solar Plexus Injury |
610 |
|
|
Asthma |
611 |
|
|
Hyperventilation |
611 |
|
|
Sudden Cardiac Arrest |
612 |
|
Chapter 16 |
Shoulder
and Upper Arm Pathologies |
615 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
615 |
|
|
Bony Anatomy |
615 |
|
|
Joints of the Shoulder Complex |
617 |
|
|
Muscles of the Shoulder Complex |
620 |
|
|
Scapulothoracic Rhythm |
627 |
|
|
|
627 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of Shoulder Injuries |
627 |
|
|
History |
629 |
|
|
Inspection |
629 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
637 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
660 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
664 |
|
|
Pathologies of the Shoulder and Related Special Tests |
664 |
|
|
Sternoclavicular Joint Sprains |
664 |
|
|
Acromioclavicular Joint Pathology |
666 |
|
|
Glenohumeral Instability |
670 |
|
|
Rotator Cuff Pathology |
680 |
|
|
Biceps Tendon Pathology |
683 |
|
|
On-Field Examination of Shoulder Injuries |
699 |
|
|
Equipment Considerations |
699 |
|
|
On-Field History |
699 |
|
|
On-Field Inspection |
699 |
|
|
On-Field Palpation |
701 |
|
|
On-Field Neurologic Tests |
701 |
|
|
Additional On-Field Tests |
701 |
|
|
Initial Management of On-Field Shoulder Injuries |
701 |
|
|
Scapular Fractures |
701 |
|
|
Clavicular Injuries |
701 |
|
Chapter 17 |
Elbow and
Forearm Pathologies |
707 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
707 |
|
|
Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy |
708 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
710 |
|
|
Nerves |
711 |
|
|
Bursae |
711 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of the Elbow and Forearm |
711 |
|
|
History |
715 |
|
|
Inspection |
716 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
720 |
|
|
|
721 |
|
|
Manual Muscle Testing |
721 |
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
725 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
725 |
|
|
Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
727 |
|
|
Elbow Dislocations |
727 |
|
|
Fracture About the Elbow |
727 |
|
|
Elbow Sprains |
733 |
|
|
Epicondylalgia |
737 |
|
|
Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture |
739 |
|
|
Osteochondritrs Dissecans
of the Capitellum |
742 |
|
|
Nerve Pathology |
742 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation of Elbow and Forearm Injuries |
747 |
|
|
On-Field History |
747 |
|
|
On-Field Inspection |
747 |
|
|
On-Field Palpation |
747 |
|
|
On-Field Joint and Muscle Function Tests |
747 |
|
|
On-Field Neurologic Tests |
748 |
|
|
On-Field Management of Elbow and Forearm Injuries |
748 |
|
|
Elbow Dislocations |
748 |
|
|
Fracture About the Elbow |
748 |
|
Chapter 18 |
Wrist,
Hand, and Finger Pathologies |
751 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
751 |
|
|
Articulations and Ligamentous Support |
752 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
754 |
|
|
Nerves |
761 |
|
|
The Carpal Tunnel |
761 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of Injuries to the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers |
761 |
|
|
History |
763 |
|
|
Inspection |
764 |
|
|
Joint and Muscle Function Assessment |
772 |
|
|
Joint Stability Tests |
781 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
784 |
|
|
Pathologies of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers and Related Special Tests |
794 |
|
|
Wrist Pathology |
794 |
|
|
Hand Pathology |
805 |
|
|
Finger Pathology |
808 |
|
|
Thumb Pathology |
810 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Wrist, Hand, and Finger Injuries |
813 |
|
|
Wrist Fractures and Dislocations |
813 |
|
|
Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations |
814 |
|
|
Hand and Finger Fractures |
814 |
|
|
Lacerations |
815 |
|
Chapter 19 |
Eye
Pathologies |
817 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
817 |
|
|
Eye Structures |
818 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
818 |
|
|
Visual Acuity |
818 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of Eye Injuries |
818 |
|
|
History |
819 |
|
|
Inspection |
821 |
|
|
Functional Assessment |
824 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
825 |
|
|
Eye Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
825 |
|
|
Orbital Fractures |
825 |
|
|
Corneal Abrasions |
828 |
|
|
Corneal Lacerations |
828 |
|
|
Iritis |
828 |
|
|
Hyphema |
828 |
|
|
Retinal Detachment |
828 |
|
|
Ruptured Globe |
828 |
|
|
Conjunctivitis |
832 |
|
|
Foreign Bodies |
832 |
|
|
On-Field Evaluation and Management of Eye Injuries |
835 |
|
|
Contact Lens Removal |
835 |
|
|
Orbital Fractures |
835 |
|
|
Penetrating Eye Injuries |
836 |
|
|
Chemical Burns |
836 |
|
Chapter 20 |
Face and
Related Structure Pathologies |
837 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
837 |
|
|
Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy |
838 |
|
|
The Ear |
838 |
|
|
The Nose |
839 |
|
|
The Throat |
840 |
|
|
The Mouth |
840 |
|
|
The Teeth |
840 |
|
|
Muscular Anatomy |
841 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of Facial Injuries |
841 |
|
|
History |
843 |
|
|
Inspection |
844 |
|
|
Functional Assessment |
850 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
850 |
|
|
Facial Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
850 |
|
|
Ear Pathology |
851 |
|
|
Nasal Injuries |
854 |
|
|
Throat Injury |
854 |
|
|
Facial Fractures |
856 |
|
|
Dental Conditions |
856 |
|
|
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction |
861 |
|
|
On-Field Examination and Management of Injuries to the Face and Related
Areas |
863 |
|
|
Lacerations |
863 |
|
|
Laryngeal Injuries |
863 |
|
|
Facial Fractures |
863 |
|
|
Temporomandibular Joint Injuries |
863 |
|
|
Nasal Fracture and Epistaxis |
863 |
|
|
Dental Injuries |
864 |
|
Chapter 21 |
Head and
Cervical Spine Pathologies |
867 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy |
867 |
|
|
The Brain |
868 |
|
|
The Meninges |
869 |
|
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
869 |
|
|
Blood Circulation in the Brain |
870 |
|
|
Examination of Head and Cervical Spine Injuries |
870 |
|
|
Evaluation Scenarios |
871 |
|
|
Evaluation of the Athlete’s Position |
872 |
|
|
Determination of Consciousness |
872 |
|
|
History |
873 |
|
|
Inspection |
875 |
|
|
Functional Assessment |
876 |
|
|
Neurologic Assessment |
882 |
|
|
Head and Cervical Spine Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
886 |
|
|
Head Trauma |
886 |
|
|
Cervical Spinal Cord Trauma |
895 |
|
|
On-Field Examination and Management of Head and Cervical Spine Injuries |
899 |
|
|
Equipment Considerations |
899 |
|
|
Initial Inspection |
901 |
|
|
Initial Action |
902 |
|
|
History |
907 |
|
|
Inspection |
908 |
|
|
Palpation |
908 |
|
|
Neurologic Testing |
908 |
|
|
Removing the Athlete from the Field |
908 |
|
|
Home Instructions |
910 |
|
Chapter 22 |
Environment-Related
Conditions |
915 |
|
|
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology |
915 |
|
|
Heat Transfer |
915 |
|
|
Blood Flow and Heat Exchange |
916 |
|
|
Sweating Mechanism |
917 |
|
|
Heat Conservation |
917 |
|
|
Ambient Temperature Influence |
917 |
|
|
Clinical Examination of Environmental Conditions |
918 |
|
|
History |
918 |
|
|
Inspection |
918 |
|
|
Palpation |
919 |
|
|
Review of Systems |
919 |
|
|
Environmental Pathologies and Related Special Tests |
919 |
|
|
Heat Illnesses |
919 |
|
|
Prevention of Heat Illness |
922 |
|
|
On-Field Examination and Management of Heat Illnesses |
925 |
|
|
Heat Cramps |
925 |
|
|
Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke |
925 |
|
|
Cold Injuries |
926 |
|
|
Hypothermia |
926 |
|
|
Frostbite |
926 |
|
|
Prevention of Cold Injuries |
927 |
|
|
On-Field Examination and Management of Cold Injuries |
927 |
|
|
Hypothermia |
927 |
|
|
Frostbite |
928 |
|
Appendix A |
Reflex
Testing |
931 |
|
Appendix B |
Lower
Extremity Functional Testing |
937 |
|
|
Index |
941 |
|
|
|
|