Contributors

ix

Foreword   Alan Pearson

xi

Preface

xv

Acknowledgments

xix

Reviewers

xxi

PART I

INTRODUCTION

1

1

Systematic Review as the Basis for Evidence-Based Practice   Susan W. Salmond and Cheryl Holly

3

2

Steps in the Systematic Review Process   Susan W. Salmond

13

PART II

A FRAMEWORK FOR CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

33

3

Planning and Organizing a Systematic Review   Cheryl Holly

35

4

Developing Clinical Questions for Systematic Review   Marie K. Saimbert, Fenny Pierce, and Pain Hargwaod

55

PART III

SEARCHING AND APPRAISING THE LITERATURE

75

5

Key Principles for Searching Literature   Marie K. Saimbert

77

6

Resources and Techniques to Maximize Search Efforts   Marie K. Saimbert, Fenny Pierce, Pain Hargwood, and Fohn T. Oliver

105

7

Critical Appraisal   Susan W. Salmond

147

PART IV

METHODS FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

163

8

Systematic Review of Experimental Evidence: Meta-Analysis   Cheryl Holly

165

9

Systematic Review of Observational Evidence   Cheryl Holly

189

10

Qualitative Metasynthesis   Susan W. Salmond

209

11

Systematic Review of Economic Evidence   Cheryl Holly

237

PART V

USING SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS IN PRACTICE

253

12

Systematic Reviews and Evidence-Informed Health Care Policy Making   David Anthony Forrester, Rita Musanti, and Patricia Polansky

255

13

Using Systematic Reviews at the Point of Care   Ronell Kirkley

271

14

Future Developments of Systematic Reviews and Evidence-Based Medicine   Jos Kleijnen

291

Appendix A

A Toolkit for Systematic Review

297

Appendix B

Guidelines Sources

307

Appendix C

Social Science and Biomedical Science Grey Literature

309

Appendix D

Dissertations and Theses Databases

311

Appendix E

Answer Keys to Chapter Exercises

315

Index

323