Table of Contents

 

 

 

SECTION ONE

GENERAL ORTHOPAEDICS

 

 

Pain Diagram

xx

 

Anatomy

2

 

Overview of General Orthopaedics

3

 

Principles of Musculoskeletal Evaluation

8

 

Amputations of the Lower Extremity

15

 

Anesthesia for Orthopaedic Surgery

25

 

Arthritis: Osteoarthritis

32

 

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies for Osteoarthritis

39

 

Arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis

45

 

Arthritis: Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

52

 

Compartment Syndrome

58

 

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

67

 

Crystal Deposition Diseases

73

 

Deep Vein Thrombosis

80

 

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

87

 

Drugs: Corticosteroid Injections

89

 

Drugs: NSAIDs

92

 

Falls and Traumatic Injuries in the Elderly Patient

96

 

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

101

 

Fracture Evaluation and Management Principles

108

 

Fracture Healing

116

 

Fracture Splinting Principles

120

 

Imaging: Principles and Techniques

128

 

Infection: Osteomyelitis

137

 

Infection: Septic Arthritis

140

 

Lyme Disease

145

 

Osteoporosis

149

 

Overuse Syndromes

158

 

Pain: Nonorganic Symptoms and Signs

165

 

Preoperative Evaluation of Medical Comorbidities

169

 

Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Modalities

175

 

Musculoskeletal Conditioning: Helping Patients Prevent Injury and Stay Fit

183

 

Rehabilitation: Canes, Crutches, and Walkers

219

 

Sports Medicine Evaluation and Management Principles

225

 

Sprains and Strains

230

 

Tumors of Bone

235

SECTION TWO

SHOULDER

 

 

Pain Diagram

242

 

Anatomy

244

 

Overview of the Shoulder

245

 

Physical Examination of the Shoulder

256

 

Acromioclavicular Injuries

263

 

Arthritis of the Shoulder

269

 

Burners and Other Brachial Plexus Injuries

273

 

Fracture of the Clavicle

277

 

Fracture of the Humeral Shaft

280

 

Fracture of the Proximal Humerus

283

 

Fracture of the Scapula

288

 

Frozen Shoulder

291

 

Impingement Syndrome

295

 

Procedure: Subacromial Bursa Injection

301

 

Overhead Throwing Shoulder Injuries

303

 

Rotator Cuff Tear

311

 

Rupture of the Proximal Biceps Tendon

317

 

Shoulder Instability

320

 

Procedure: Reduction of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation

325

 

Superior Labrum Anterior-to-Posterior Lesions

328

 

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

333

SECTION THREE

ELBOW AND FOREARM

 

 

Pain Diagram

340

 

Anatomy

342

 

Overview of the Elbow and Forearm

343

 

Physical Examination of the Elbow and Forearm

347

 

Arthritis of the Elbow

354

 

Dislocation of the Elbow

358

 

Fracture of the Distal Humerus

361

 

Fracture of the Olecranon

364

 

Fracture of the Radial Head

367

 

Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis

370

 

Procedure: Tennis Elbow Injection

377

 

Olecranon Bursitis

379

 

Procedure: Olecranon Bursa Aspiration

382

 

Nerve Compression Syndromes

384

 

Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon

389

 

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear

392

SECTION FOUR

HAND AND WRIST

 

 

Pain Diagram

396

 

Anatomy

398

 

Overview of the Hand and Wrist

399

 

Physical Examination of the Hand and Wrist

404

 

Animal Bites

416

 

Arthritis of the Hand

419

 

Procedure: Metacarpophalangeal or Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Injection

422

 

Arthritis of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint

424

 

Procedure: Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Injection

427

 

Arthritis of the Wrist

429

 

Procedure: Wrist Aspiration/Injection

431

 

Boutonničre Deformity

433

 

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

436

 

Procedure: Carpal Tunnel Injection

441

 

de Quervain Tenosynovitis

443

 

Procedure: de Quervain Tenosynovitis Injection

445

 

Dupuytren Contracture

447

 

Fingertip Infections

450

 

Procedure: Digital Anesthetic Block (Hand)

455

 

Fingertip Injuries/Amputations

458

 

Flexor Tendon Injuries

461

 

Flexor Tendon Sheath Infections

465

 

Fracture of the Base of the Thumb Metacarpal

468

 

Fracture of the Hook of the Hamate

471

 

Fracture of the Distal Radius

474

 

Fracture of the Metacarpals and Phalanges

479

 

Fracture of the Scaphoid

484

 

Ganglion of the Wrist and Hand

488

 

Procedure: Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Aspiration

493

 

Human Bite Wounds

495

 

Kienböck Disease

499

 

Mallet Finger

501

 

Nail Bed Injuries

504

 

Procedure: Fishhook Removal

507

 

Sprains and Dislocations of the Hand

510

 

Trigger Finger

516

 

Procedure: Trigger Finger Injection

519

 

Tumors of the Hand and Wrist

521

 

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Wrist

525

SECTION FIVE

HIP AND THIGH

 

 

Pain Diagram

528

 

Anatomy

530

 

Overview of the Hip and Thigh

531

 

Physical Examination of the Hip and Thigh

541

 

Dislocation of the Hip (Acute, Traumatic)

551

 

Fracture of the Femoral Shaft

555

 

Fracture of the Pelvis

558

 

Fracture of the Proximal Femur

563

 

Hip Impingement

568

 

Inflammatory Arthritis

573

 

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Syndrome

576

 

Osteoarthritis of the Hip

579

 

Osteonecrosis of the Hip

582

 

Snapping Hip

586

 

Strains of the Hip

591

 

Strains of the Thigh

597

 

Stress Fracture of the Femoral Neck

604

 

Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip

607

 

Trochanteric Bursitis

609

 

Procedure: Trochanteric Bursitis Injection

614

SECTION SIX

KNEE AND LOWER LEG

 

 

Pain Diagram

616

 

Anatomy

618

 

Overview of the Knee and Lower Leg

619

 

Physical Examination of the Knee and Lower Leg

632

 

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

640

 

Procedure: Knee Joint Aspiration/Injection

647

 

Arthritis of the Knee

650

 

Bursitis of the Knee

657

 

Claudication

661

 

Collateral Ligament Tear

663

 

Compartment Syndrome

669

 

Contusions

673

 

Fractures About the Knee

675

 

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

678

 

Gastrocnemius Tear

680

 

Meniscal Tear

684

 

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Condyle

689

 

Patellar/Quadriceps Tendinitis

692

 

Patellar/Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures

697

 

Patellofemoral Instability and Malalignment

700

 

Patellofemoral Pain

704

 

Plica Syndrome

711

 

Popliteal Cyst

716

 

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

719

 

Shin-Splints

724

 

Stress Fracture

726

SECTION SEVEN

FOOT AND ANKLE

 

 

Pain Diagram

730

 

Anatomy

732

 

Overview of the Foot and Ankle

733

 

Physical Examination of the Foot and Ankle

741

 

Achilles Tendon Tear

757

 

Ankle Sprain

762

 

Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle

768

 

Procedure: Ankle Joint Injection

771

 

Bunionette

773

 

Procedure: Application of a Metatarsal Pad

775

 

Chronic Lateral Ankle Pain

777

 

Corns and Calluses

781

 

Procedure: Trimming a Corn or Callus

784

 

Dance Injuries to the Foot and Ankle

785

 

The Diabetic Foot

790

 

Procedure: Care of Diabetic Feet

794

 

Fracture-Dislocations of the Midfoot

797

 

Fractures of the Ankle

800

 

Fractures of the Calcaneus and Talus

803

 

Fracture of the Metatarsals

806

 

Fractures of the Phalanges

809

 

Fracture of the Sesamoid

811

 

Procedure: Digital Anesthetic Block (Foot)

814

 

Hallux Rigidus

816

 

Hallux Valgus

819

 

Ingrown Toenail

822

 

Procedure: Nail Plate Avulsion

825

 

Interdigital (Morton) Neuroma

827

 

Procedure: Interdigital (Morton) Neuroma Injection

830

 

Metatarsalgia

832

 

Nail Fungus Infection

834

 

Orthotic Devices

836

 

Plantar Fasciitis

839

 

Procedure: Plantar Fasciitis Injection

845

 

Plantar Warts

847

 

Posterior Heel Pain

849

 

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

854

 

Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle

858

 

Sesamoiditis

861

 

Shoe Wear

864

 

Soft-Tissue Masses of the Foot and Ankle

868

 

Stress Fractures of the Foot and Ankle

870

 

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

873

 

Toe Deformities

876

 

Turf Toe

881

SECTION EIGHT

SPINE

 

 

Pain Diagram

884

 

Anatomy

886

 

Overview of the Spine

887

 

Physical Examination of the Spine

901

 

Cauda Equina Syndrome

919

 

Cervical Radiculopathy

922

 

Cervical Spondylosis

925

 

Cervical Strain

929

 

Fractures of the Cervical Spine

934

 

Fractures of the Thoracic or Lumbar Spine

937

 

Low Back Pain: Acute

940

 

Low Back Pain: Chronic

946

 

Lumbar Herniated Disk

952

 

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

957

 

Metastatic Disease

961

 

Scoliosis in Adults

964

 

Spinal Orthoses

967

 

Spondylolisthesis: Degenerative

970

 

Spondylolisthesis: Isthmic

972

SECTION NINE

PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS

 

 

Overview of Pediatric Orthopaedics

976

 

Pediatric Physical Examination

979

 

Anterior Knee Pain

993

 

Back Pain

997

 

Elbow Pain

1001

 

Foot and Ankle Pain

1006

 

Growing Pain

1011

 

Accessory Navicular

1013

 

Calcaneal Apophysitis

1015

 

Cavus Foot Deformity

1017

 

Child Abuse

1021

 

Clubfoot

1025

 

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

1029

 

Congenital Deficiencies of the Lower Extremity

1032

 

Congenital Deficiencies of the Upper Extremity

1037

 

Congenital Deformities of the Lower Extremity

1040

 

Congenital Deformities of the Upper Extremity

1046

 

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

1050

 

Diskitis

1056

 

Evaluation of the Limping Child

1059

 

Procedure: Hip Aspiration

1064

 

Flatfoot

1066

 

Fractures in Children

1071

 

Fractures of the Growth Plate

1073

 

Fractures About the Elbow

1076

 

Fractures of the Clavicle and Proximal Humerus

1082

 

Fractures of the Distal Forearm

1085

 

Fractures of the Proximal and Middle Forearm

1089

 

Fractures of the Femur

1091

 

Fractures of the Tibia

1094

 

Genu Valgum

1097

 

Genu Varum

1101

 

Intoeing and Outtoeing

1105

 

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

1112

 

Kyphosis

1118

 

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

1122

 

Little League Elbow

1127

 

Metatarsus Adductus

1131

 

Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy

1135

 

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

1139

 

Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

1142

 

Osteochondritis Dissecans

1144

 

Osteomyelitis

1147

 

Pediatric Sports Participation

1151

 

Preparticipation Physical Evaluation

1155

 

Scoliosis

1164

 

Septic Arthritis

1170

 

Seronegative Spondyioarthropathies

1174

 

Shoes for Children

1177

 

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

1180

 

Spondylolysis/Spondylolisthesis

1184

 

Tarsal Coalition

1188

 

Toe Walking

1191

 

Torticollis

1194

 

Transient Synovitis of the Hip

1199

 

Glossary

1202

 

Index

1223