1

Pharmacy & Health Care

1

Origins

2

Medicine through the Ages

4

The 20th Century

8

Pharmacy Today

10

Computers in Pharmacy

12

Review

14

2

The Pharmacy Technician

19

The Pharmacy Technician

20

Personal Standards

22

Training and Competency

24

Certification

26

Review

28

3

Drug Regulation & Control

33

Drug Regulation

34

New Drug Approval

36

Marketed Drugs

38

Behind-The-Counter OTC Medications

40

Sample Labels

42

Controlled Substances

44

Additional DEA Forms

46

Public Safety

48

Law and the Technician

50

Review

52

4

Terminology

57

Terminology

58

Prefixes

60

Suffixes

61

Organ System Terminology

62

Cardiovascular System

62

Endocrine System

63

Gastrointestinal Tract

64

Integumentary System

65

Lymph and Blood Systems

66

Muscular System

67

Nervous System

68

Skeletal System

69

Female Reproductive System

70

Male Reproductive System

71

Respiratory

72

Urinary Tract

73

Senses: Hearing/Sight

74

Drug Classifications

76

Medical Abbreviations

77

Review

78

5

Prescriptions

83

Prescriptions

84

Pharmacy Abbreviations

86

Prescription Information

88

The Fill Process

90

Labels

92

Examples

94

HIPAA

97

Review

98

6

Calculations

103

Numbers

104

Fractions

106

Decimals

110

Significant Figures

113

Measurement

114

Equations & Variables

118

Ratio and Proportion

120

Percents & Solutions

128

Alligation

136

Powder Volume

140

Children’s Doses

142

Calculations for Business

144

Review

148

7

Routes & Formulations

155

Routes and Formulations

156

Oral Formulations

158

Sublingual & Buccal Formulations

162

Rectal Formulations

163

Parenteral Routes

164

Intravenous Formulations

166

Intramuscular Formulations

168

Subcutaneous Formulations

170

Intradermal Formulations

171

Ophthalmic Formulations

172

Intranasal Formulations

174

Inhalation Formulations

176

Dermal Formulations

178

Vaginal Formulations

180

Review

182

8

Parenterals: Sterile Formulations

187

Parenterals: Sterile Formulations

188

LVP Solutions

190

SVP Solutions

192

Special Solutions

194

8

Parenterals (CONT’D) Laminar Flow Hoods

196

Biological Safety Cabinets

198

Clean Rooms

199

Aseptic Techniques in Hoods & Cabinets

200

Working with Vials

202

Working with Ampules

204

Syringes & Needles

206

Filters

208

Administration Devices

210

Parenteral Incompatibilities

214

Quality Assurance & Infection Control

216

Units of Measurement

218

Review

220

9

Compounding

225

Compounding

226

Compounding Regulations

228

Compounding Considerations

230

Stability & Beyond-Use Dates

231

Equipment

232

Using a Balance

234

Volumetric Equipment

236

Liquid Measurement

238

Mixing Solids and Semi-Solids

242

Select Dosage Forms

244

Aqueous Solutions

244

Syrups

245

Nonaqueous Solutions

245

Suspensions

246

Flavoring

247

Sweeteners

247

Coloring

247

Emulsions

248

Ointments

250

Suppositories

252

Capsules

254

Review

256

10

Basic Biopharmaceutics

261

How Drugs Work

262

Concentration & Effect

264

ADME Processes and Diffusion

266

Absorption

268

Distribution

269

Metabolism

270

Excretion

271

Bioequivalence

272

Review

274

11

Factors Affecting Drug

Activity

279

Human Variability

280

Disease States

282

Adverse Drug Reactions

284

Drug-Drug Interactions

286

Drug-Diet Interactions

290

Review

292

12

Information

297

Information

298

Common References

300

Other References

302

The Internet

304

Technician References

306

Review

308

13

Inventory Management

313

Inventory Management

314

Inventory Systems

316

Computers & Inventory

318

Ordering

320

Forms

322

Stocking & Storing

324

Review

326

14

Financial Issues

331

Financial Issues

332

Third Party Programs

334

Online Adjudication

338

Rejected Claims

340

Other Billing Procedures

342

Review

346

15

Community Pharmacy

351

Community Pharmacy

352

Organization

354

Customer Service

356

Processing Prescriptions

358

Preparing the Prescription

360

Customer Pick-Up

362

Using a Cash Register

363

Other Duties

364

Review

366

16

Hospital Pharmacy

371

Hospital Pharmacy

372

Technician Roles

374

Hospital Pharmacy Areas

376

Organization of Medications

378

Hospital Formulary

380

Unit-Dose System

382

Communication

384

Computer Systems

385

Medical Records

386

Medication Orders

388

Order Processing

390

Inventory Control

392

Sterile Products

394

General Hospital Issues

396

Calculations

398

Review

402

17

Other Environments

407

Mail Order Pharmacy

408

Long-Term Care

410

Home Infusion

412

Review

414

18

Common Drugs & their Uses

417

Drug Names and Classes

418

Classification Schemes

420

Analgesics

422

Anesthetic Agents

424

Anti-Infectives

426

Antineoplastics

428

Cardiovascular Agents

432

Dermatologicals

438

Electrolytic Agents

440

Gastrointestinal 8c Urinary Tract Agents

442

Hematological Agents

446

Hormones and Modifiers

448

Immunobiologic Agents & Vaccines

454

Musculoskeletal Agents

456

Neurological Agents

458

Ophthalmic & Otic Agents

462

Psychotropic Agents

466

Respiratory Agents

470

Additional Common Drugs by Classification

473

Review

478

APPENDICES

485

A

Look-Alike / Sound-Alike Drugs

486

B

Top 200 Brand Name Drugs

488

C

Top 200 Generic Drugs

494

D

Commonly Refrigerated Drugs

500

Glossary

502

Answer Key

511

Index

516