Table
of Contents
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List of Tables |
vi |
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List of Figures |
vi |
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Acknowledgments |
vii |
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Chemotherapy and Biothempy Administration
Standards |
vii |
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Editors and Contributors |
viii |
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SECTION I |
INTRODUCTION AND STANDARDS |
1 |
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Introduction |
1 |
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Standards
for Practice and Education |
1 |
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SECTION 2 |
GENERAL CANCER OVERVIEW |
3 |
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History of Cancer Treatment Melissa Silva Wills, MS RN-CS PNP-BC
CPON® |
3 |
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History |
3 |
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Development of the Pediatric Oncology Specialty |
3 |
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Cancer Cell Characteristics Nancy E. Kline, PhD RN CPNP FAAN |
4 |
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The Cell Cycle |
4 |
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Chemotherapy Agents and Mechanism of Action |
6 |
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Hematopoiesis and Immune Response Pat Wills-Bagnato,
MSN RN CPNP CPON®; Nancy E. Kline, PhD RN CPNP FAAN |
7 |
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Hematopoiesis |
7 |
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Immune Response |
7 |
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Diagnosis, Cytogenetics, and
Staging Joan O’Hanlon-Curry, MS RN CPNP CPON® |
10 |
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Components of the Diagnostic Process |
10 |
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Cytogenetics |
13 |
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Modalities of Therapy Deborah A. Lafond, MS RN PNP-BC CPON® |
15 |
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Surgery |
15 |
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Chemotherapy |
15 |
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Radiation Therapy |
16 |
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Gene Therapy |
17 |
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Measuring Tumor Response Deborah A. Lafond, MS RN PNP-BC CPON® |
19 |
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Responses |
20 |
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Pediatric Versus Adult Cancers Joan O’Hanlon-Curry, MS RN CPNP CPON® |
20 |
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Incidence |
21 |
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Risk Factors |
21 |
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Etiology |
21 |
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Treatment Modalities and Settings |
21 |
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SECTION 3 |
CHEMOTHERAPY OVERVIEW |
23 |
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Cancer Research Melissa Silva Wills, MS RN-CS PNP-BC CPON® |
23 |
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History |
23 |
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Clinical Trials |
23 |
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Federal Guidelines for Cancer Research |
23 |
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Informed Consent |
23 |
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Nursing Role |
24 |
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics Nancy E. Kline, PhD RNCPNP FAAN |
24 |
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Pharmacokinetics |
24 |
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Pharmacogenetics |
25 |
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Nursing Role |
25 |
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SECTION 4 |
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOTHERAPY |
27 |
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Principles of Chemotherapy Nancy E. Kline, PhD RN CPNP FAAN |
27 |
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Classes of Chemotherapeutic Agents |
27 |
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Combination Chemotherapy |
27 |
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Role of Chemotherapy in Childhood Cancer Therapy |
27 |
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Modes of Delivery |
27 |
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SECTION 5 |
PRINCIPLES OF BIOTHERAPY |
29 |
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Biotherapy Cathy J. Burks, MSN RN PCNS CPON®: Robin McCune, RN CPN CPON® |
29 |
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History |
29 |
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Agents |
29 |
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SECTION 6 |
CHEMOTHERAPY: AGENTS AND CLASSIFICATIONS |
45 |
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Classification of Chemotherapeutic Agents Alice G. Ettinger,
MSN RN ARNP CPNP-PC CPON®; Mary Lynn Rae, MSN RN CPON® |
45 |
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Alkylating Agents |
45 |
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Antimetabolites |
45 |
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Anthracyclines |
45 |
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Plant Derivatives |
45 |
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Corcicosteroids |
46 |
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Antiangiogenic Agents |
46 |
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Miscellaneous Agents |
46 |
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SECTION 7 |
SAFE HANDLING OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND BIOTHERAPY AGENTS |
65 |
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Safe Handling of Chemotherapy and Biotherapy Agents Susanne B. Conley, MSN RN NEA-BC CPON® |
65 |
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Occupational Exposure Risks |
65 |
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Exposure Prevention Guidelines |
66 |
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Pediatric Oncology Teaching Sheet |
69 |
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SECTION 8 |
ADMINISTRATION CONSIDERATIONS |
73 |
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Chemotherapy Administration Colleen Nixon, MSN RN CPON®; Mary
Lynn Rae, MSN RN CPON® |
73 |
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Preadminiscration Considerations |
73 |
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Chemotherapy Administration Routes |
77 |
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Administration Schedules |
83 |
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Monitoring of Potential Side Effects and Complications |
84 |
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Patient Monitoring |
84 |
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Documentation |
89 |
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Developmental Considerations |
89 |
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Family Assessment and Education |
90 |
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SECTION 9 |
TOXICITY AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT |
105 |
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Toxicity and Symptom Management Ruth Anne Herring, MSN RN CPNP CPON®;
Joy Hesselgrave,
MSN RN CPON®; Robbie Norville, MSN RN CPON®;
Linda B. Madsen, MS RN-CNP CPON® |
105 |
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Hematopoietic System |
105 |
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Coagulation System |
109 |
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Immune System |
111 |
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Nervous System |
112 |
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Auditory System |
116 |
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Ophthalmologic System |
117 |
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Endocrine System |
118 |
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Pulmonary System |
121 |
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Cardiac System |
122 |
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Gastrointestinal System |
124 |
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Renal System |
137 |
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Integumentary System |
140 |
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General Fatigue |
148 |
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SECTION 10 |
LATE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY |
153 |
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Late
Effects of Chemotherapy Elaine
Pottenger,
MS RN CPNP |
153 |
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Late Effects of Chemotherapy by System |
153 |
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SECTION 11 |
PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES |
157 |
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Psychosocial
Issues Mary C. Hooke,
PhD RN PCNS-BC CPON® |
157 |
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Quality of Life for Patients and Their Families |
157 |
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Adherence |
158 |
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Adolescents and Young Adults |
159 |
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Culture |
160 |
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SECTION 12 |
ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS |
163 |
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Ethical and
Legal Considerations Elizabeth
A. Gilger,
MSN RN APRN-BC CPON® |
163 |
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The Foundation of Ethical Principles |
163 |
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Regulatory Groups |
164 |
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Nursing Roles in Informed Consent |
165 |
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Ethical Decision Making |
166 |
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Legal Considerations |
166 |
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Medication Errors |
166 |
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Extravasation |
167 |
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Documentation |
167 |
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Confidentiality |
168 |
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APPENDICES |
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Appendix A |
Chemotherapy
Administration Competency Checklist |
171 |
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Appendix B |
Examples of
Chemotherapy Checklists |
175 |
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Appendix C |
Examples of
Chemotherapy Documentation Tools |
179 |
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Appendix D |
NCI Common
Terminology Criteria For Adverse Events |
185 |
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Index |
379 |
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