List of contributors

viii

Foreword

xiii

Introduction

xvii

PART 1

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF KIDNEY DISEASE

1

1

Kpidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease   William M. McClellan & Friedrich K. Port

3

2

Chronic Disease Surveillance and Chronic Kidney Disease   Diane L. Frankenfield & Michael V. Rocco

18

3

Risk Factors for Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease   Eberhard Ritz, Danilo Fliser, & Marcin Adamczak

29

4

Epidemiology and Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease   Sylvia Paz B. Ramirez

43

5

Prediction of Risk and Prognosis: Decision Support for Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease   Benedicts Stengel, Marc Froissart, & Jerome Rossert

58

PART 2

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

69

6

Definition, Classification, and Epidemiology of Acule Kidney Disease   Eric A.J, Hoste, Ramesh Venkataraman, & John A. Kellum 71

7

Pre-Renal Failure and Obstructive Disease   Kevin W. Frankel

80

8

Hepatorenal Syndrome   Andrés Cardenas & Pere Ginès 88

9

Acute Tubular Necrosis   Jay L. Koyner & Patrick T. Murray

97

10

Radiocontrast Nephropathy   Brendan J. Barrett & Patrick S. Parfrey

110

11

Miscellaneous Etiologies of Acute Kidney Injury   Kamalanathan K. Sambandam & Anitha Vijayan

122

12

Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury   Steven IX Weisbord & Paul M. Palevsky

137

PART 3

PRIMARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

147

13

Management of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults: Minimal Change Disease and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis   Alain Meyrier

149

14

Membranous Nephropathy   Fernando C. Fervenza & Daniel C. Cattran

158

15

IgA Nephropathy in Adults and Children   Jonathan Barratt, John Feehally, & Ronald Hogg

170

16

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis   Richard J. Glassock

183

PART 4

SECONDARY DISEASES OF THE KIDNEY

197

Hypertensive Renal Disease

199

17

Hypertension: Classification and Diagnosis  Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe 6- Crispín Mann Villalobos 200

18

Management of Essential Hypertension   Eberhard Ritz, Danilo Fliser, & Martin Adamczak

207

19

Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease   Aimun Ahmed, Fairol H. Ibrahim, & Meguid El Nahas 214

20

Diagnosis and Management of Renovascular Disease   Jö’rg Radermacher

223

21

Diabetes Mellitus   Piero Ruggenenti & Giuseppe Remuzzi

231

22

Lupus Nephritis   Arrigo Schieppati, Erica Daina, & Giuseppe Remuzzi

244

23

Infection-Related Nephropathies   Monique E. Cho & Jeffrey B. Kopp

253

24

Hepatitis B Virus   M Aamir Ali, Scott D. Cohen, & Paul L Kimmel

263

25

Infection-Related Nephropathies: Hepatitis C Virus   Dirk R.J. Kuypers

272

26

Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy   Fabrizio Ginevri & Hans H. Hirsch

277

Toxic Nephropathies

285

27

Toxic Nephropathies: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs   Wai Y. Tse & Dwomoa Ada

286

28

Toxic Nephropathies: Environmental Agents and Metals   Richard P. Wedeen

294

29

The Kidney in Pregnancy   Phyllis August & Tiina Podymow

299

PART 5

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

309

30

Progression of Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and Management   Anil K. Agarwal, Nabil Haddad, & Lee A. Hebert

311

31

Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease, Stages 3-5   Robert N, Foley

323

32

Dyslipidcmia in Chronic Kidney Disease   Vera Krane & Christoph Wanner

333

33

Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension   Sangeetha Satyan & Rajiv Agarwal

345

34

Recognition and Management of Mineral and Bone Disorder of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease   Donald A. Molony

353

35

Preparation tor Dialysis   Mark G. Parker & Jonathan Himmelfarb

391

PART 6

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE 5: HEMODIALYSIS

401

36

When to Start Dialysis and Whether the First Treatment Should Be Extracorporeal Therapy or Peritoneal Dialysis   Raymond T. Krediet

403

37

Modalities of Extracorporeai Therapy: Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, and Hemodiafiltration   Kannaiyan S. Rabindranath & Norman Muirhead

410

38

Dialysis Delivery and Adequacy   Peter Kotanko, Nathan W. Levin, & Frank Gotch423

39

General Management of the Hemodialysis Patient   Robert Mactier & David C. Wheeler

431

40

Infections in Hemodialysis   Behdad Afzali & David J. A. Goldsmith

441

41

Non-Access-Related Nosocomial Infections in Hemodialysis   Brett W. Stephens & Donald A. Molony

452

42

Vascular Access for Hemodialysis   Kevan R. Polkinghorne

460

PART 7

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE 5: PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

469

43

Selection of Peritoneal Dialysis as Renal Replacement Therapy   Norbert Lameire, Raymond Vanholder, & Wim Van Biesen

471

44

Small Solute Clearance in Peritoneal Dialysis   Sharon J. Nessim & Joanne M. Bargman

478

45

Salt and Water Balance in Peritoneal Dialysis   Cheuk-Chun Szeto & Philip Kam-Tao Li

488

46

Impact of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on Outcomes   David W. Johnson & John D. Williams 500

47

Prevention and Treatment of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections   Giovanni F. M. Sirippoli, Kathryn J. Wiggins, David W. Johnson, Sankar Navaneethan, Giovanni Gancarini, & Jonathan C. Craig

509

PART 8

TRANSPLANTATION

533

48

Evaluation and Selection of the Kidney Transplant Candidate   Bryce Kiberd

535

49

Evaluation and Selection of the Living Kidney Donor   Connie L. Davis

545

50

Predictors of Transplant Outcomes   Krista L. Lentine, Robert M. Perkins, & Kevin C. Abbott

561

51

The Early Course: Induction, Delayed Function, and Rejection   Paul A. Keown

574

52

Maintenance Imrrmnosupprcssion   Yves Vanrenterghem

592

53

Chronic Allograft Nephropathy   Bengt C. Fellström, Alan Jardine:, & Hallvard Holdaas

599

PART 9

DISORDERS OF ELECTROLYTES (ACUTE AND CHRONIC)

609

54

Overview of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders   L. Lee Hamm & Michael Hadcrlie

611

55

Hyponatremia   Chuiwuma Eze & Eric E. Simon

618

56

Potassium Disorders   John R. Foringer, Christopher Morris, & Kevin W. Finkel

633

57

Metabolic Evaluation and Prevention of Renal Stone Disease   David S. Goldfarb

642

PART 10

PEDIATRICS

651

Themes Across Renal Disease and Renal Failure

653

58

Growth, Nutrition, and Pubertal Development   Lesley Rees

654

59

Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Lipid Abnormalities in Children with Chronic Kidney Failure   Elke Wühl & Franz Schaefer

669

60

Bones Across Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure   Mary B. Leonard

682

61

Anemia   Susan Furth & Sandra Amaral

693

Management of Renal Failure/Transplants

702

62

Renal Transplantation   Pierre Cochat & Justine Bacchetta

703

63

Peritoneal Dialysis in Children   Jaap W. Groothoff & Maruschka P. Merkus

723

64

Pediatric Hemodialysis   Stuart L. Goldstein

738

Specific Pediatric Renal Disease

745

65

Urinary Tract Infection, Vesicoureteric Reflux, and Urinary Incontinence   Gabrielle Williams, Premala Sureshkumar, Patrina Caldwelh & Jonathan C. Craig

746

66

Epidemiology and General Management of Childhood ldiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome   Nicholas j. A. Webb

763

67

Management of Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome   Elisabeth M. Hodson, Jonathan C. Craig, & Narelle S. Willis

774

68

Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome   Annabelle Chua & Peter Yorgin

787

Other Pediatric Renal Diseases

806

69

Henoch-Schonlein Nephritis and Membranoprolifertive Glomerulonephntis   Sharon Phillips Andreoli

807

70

Cystinosis   William G. van’t Hoff

818

Index

823