Prologue: Advanced Practice Nursing

vii

Preface

xix

Acknowledgements

xx

Contributors

xxi

Introduction: The First Approach

1

1

History Taking

6

2

General Examination

21

3

Examination of the Cardiovascular System

54

4

Examination of the Respiratory System

83

5

Examination of the Abdomen

101

6

Examination of the Male Genitalia

113

7

Examination of the Female Reproductive System

120

8

Mental Health Assessment

128

9

Examination of the Nervous System

137

10

Ophthalmic Examination

181

11

Examination of the Musculoskeletal System

204

12

Assessment of the Child

230

13

Assessment of Disability Including Care of the Older Adult

266

14

Basic Examination, Notes and Diagnostic Principles

274

15

Presenting Cases and Communication

283

16

Imaging Techniques and Clinical Investigations

290

17

The 12-Lead Electrocardiogram

323

18

Interpretation of Investigations

352

19

Laboratory Results - Reference Values

354

20

Common Emergency Treatments

361

APPENDICES

383

1

Jaeger Reading Chart

383

2

Visual Acuity 3 M Chart

386

3

Hodkinson Ten Point Mental Test Score

388

4

Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living

389

Further Reading

391

Index

394