List of Cases

xv

List of Flow Charts

xvii

SECTION ONE

ACID-BASE

1

Principles of Acid-Base Physiology

3

2

Tools to Use to Diagnose Acid-Base Disorders

39

3

Metabolic Acidosis: Clinical Approach

60

4

Metabolic Acidosis Due to a Deficit of NaHCO3

75

5

Ketoacidosis

111

6

Metabolic Acidosis: Acid Gain Types

160

7

Metabolic Alkalosis

193

8

Respiratory Acid-Base Disturbances

222

SECTION TWO

SALT AND WATER

9

Sodium and Water Physiology

245

10

Hyponatremia

314

11

Hypernatremia

368

12

Polyuria

403

SECTION THREE

POTASSIUM

13

Potassium Physiology

425

14

Hypokalemia

460

15

Hyperkalemia

512

SECTION FOUR

INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY

16

Hyperglycemia

543

Suggested Readings

575

Index

583