9781416062035

Table of Contents


SECTION 1	THE ART OF INTERVIEWING
Chapter 1	The Interviewer’s Questions	3
	Basic Principles	3
	Symptoms and Signs	7
	Conducting an Interview	8
	Basic Interviewing Techniques	10
	Format of the History	17
	Concluding Thoughts	34
Chapter 2	The Patient’s Responses	38
	Responses to Illness	38
	Responses to the Interviewer	41
	Influence of Background and Age on Patient Response	45
	Influence of Disease on Patient Response	49
Chapter 3	Caring for Patients in a Culturally Diverse Society	55
	General Considerations	56
	Specific Cross-Cultural Perspectives	66
	Concluding Thoughts	74
Chapter 4	Understanding Complementary and Alternative Medicine	77
	General Considerations	77
	Classifications of Complementary and Alternative Medicine	78
	Traditional Chinese Medicine	85
	Concluding Thoughts	91
Chapter 5	Assessment of Nutritional Status	93
	Medical History	94
	Physical Examination	100
	Special Populations	103
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	109
	Concluding Thoughts	112
Chapter 6	Putting the History Together	115
	Interview of Mr. John Doe	115
	Written History of Mr. John Doe	125
SECTION 2	THE SCIENCE OF THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Chapter 7	The Physical Examination	129
	The Basic Procedures	129
	Preparation for the Examination	131
	Health-Care Infection Control Practices	132
	Goal of the Physical Examination	133
Chapter 8	The Skin	137
	General Considerations	137
	Structure and Physiology	138
	Review of Specific Symptoms	140
	Impact of Skin Disease on the Patient	143
	Physical Examination	143
	Description of Lesions	150
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	152
Chapter 9	The Head and Neck	196
	General Considerations	196
	Structure and Physiology	197
	Review of Specific Symptoms	199
	Impact of Head and Neck Disease on the Patient	201
	Physical Examination	201
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	205
Chapter 10	The Eye	212
	Historical Considerations	212
	Structure and Physiology	212
	Review of Specific Symptoms	218
	Impact of Blindness on the Patient	220
	Physical Examination	221
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	261
Chapter 11	The Ear and Nose	294
	General Considerations	294
	Structure and Physiology	294
	Review of Specific Symptoms	300
	Impact of Deafness on the Patient	305
	Physical Examination	306
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	317
Chapter 12	The Oral Cavity and Pharynx	324
	General Considerations	324
	Structure and Physiology	325
	Review of Specific Symptoms	330
	Impact of a Voice Disorder on the Patient	333
	Physical Examination	334
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	349
Chapter 13	The Chest	362
	General Considerations	362
	Structure and Physiology	362
	Review of Specific Symptoms	367
	Impact of Lung Disease on the Patient	373
	Physical Examination	374
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	386
Chapter 14	The Heart	391
	General Considerations	391
	Structure and Physiology	392
	Review of Specific Symptoms	400
	Impact of Cardiac Disease on the Patient	408
	Physical Examination	408
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	429
Chapter 15	The Peripheral Vascular System	438
	General Considerations	438
	Structure and Physiology	439
	Review of Specific Symptoms	439
	Impact of Vascular Disease on the Patient	442
	Physical Examination	442
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	450
Chapter 16	The Breast	455
	General Considerations	455
	Structure and Physiology	456
	Review of Specific Symptoms	459
	Impact of Breast Disease on the Patient	462
	Physical Examination	463
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	472
Chapter 17	The Abdomen	477
	General Considerations	477
	Structure and Physiology	478
	Review of Specific Symptoms	479
	Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Patient	486
	Physical Examination	487
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	509
Chapter 18	Male Genitalia and Hernias	515
	General Considerations	515
	Structure and Physiology	517
	Review of Specific Symptoms	521
	Impact of Erectile Dysfunction on the Patient	529
	Physical Examination	529
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	539
Chapter 19	Female Genitalia	549
	General Considerations	549
	Structure and Physiology	550
	Review of Specific Symptoms	554
	Impact of Infertility on the Patient	562
	Physical Examination	563
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	577
Chapter 20	The Musculoskeletal System	584
	General Considerations	584
	Structure and Physiology	585
	Review of Specific Symptoms	597
	Impact of Musculoskeletal Disease on the Patient	601
	Physical Examination	601
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	624
Chapter 21	The Nervous System	641
	General Considerations	641
	Structure and Physiology	642
	Review of Specific Symptoms	649
	Impact of Chronic Neurologic Disease on the Patient	657
	Physical Examination	658
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	688
Chapter 22	Putting the Examination Together	696
	The Techniques	696
	The Written Physical Examination	702
SECTION 3	EVALUATION OF SPECIFIC PATIENTS
Chapter 23	The Pregnant Patient	709
	General Considerations	709
	Structure and Physiology	710
	Review of Specific Symptoms	714
	Obstetric Risk Assessment	718
	Calculation of Due Date	720
	Impact of Pregnancy on the Patient	720
	Physical Examination	721
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	726
Chapter 24	The Pediatric Patient	731
	General Considerations	731
	The Pediatric History	732
	Examination of the Newborn	746
	Examination of the Infant	768
	Review of Systems and Examination of the Young Child	783
	Review of Systems and Examination of the Older Child	791
	Review of Systems and Examination of the Adolescent	796
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	798
	Sample Write-Up of a Newborn’s History	804
Chapter 25	The Geriatric Patient	806
	General Considerations	806
	Structure and Physiology	807
	Basic Principles of Geriatric Medicine	811
	The Geriatric History	813
	Impact of Growing Old on the Patient	814
	Physical Examination	814
	Clinicopathologic Correlations	817
Chapter 26	The Acutely Ill Patient	821
	Primary Survey	822
	Secondary Survey	824
	The Pediatric Emergency	827
Chapter 27	Diagnostic Reasoning in Physical Diagnosis	833
	Art, Science, and Observation	833
	Diagnostic Reasoning from Signs and Symptoms	835
Chapter 28	The Clinical Record	847
	Putting the History and Physical Examination Together	847
	The Human Dimension	853
Chapter 29	Focusing on the Focused History and Physical Examination	854
	General Considerations	854
	Illustrative Case	855
	Diagnostic Evaluation	859
	Epilogue	861
	Ethical Challenges	861
	Unethical Labeling of Patients	863
	Health Care Proxy	863
	Concluding Thoughts	865
Appendix A	Commonly Abused Drugs	866
Appendix B	Signs and Symptoms in Deficiency States	868
Appendix C	Conversion Tables	871
Appendix D	The Rational Clinical Examination: Additional References	873
	Index	875