UNIT I

PULMONARY SYSTEM

SECTION ONE

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Michael W. Day

1

AP Combitube Insertion and Removal   Jeffrey Dawson

1

2

AP Endotracheal Intubation (Perform)   Cynthia A. Goodrich

9

3

AP Endotracheal Intubation (Assist)   Cynthia A. Goodrich

22

4

Endotracheal Tube and Oral Care   Kathleen M. Vollman and Mary Lou Sole

31

5

AP Extubation/Decannulation (Perform)   Kirsten N. Skillings and Bonnie L. Curtis

39

6

AP Extubation/Decannulation (Assist)   Kirsten N. Skillings and Bonnie L. Curtis

43

7

AP Laryngeal Mask Airway   Jeffrey Dawson

47

8

AP Surgical Cricothyrotoray (Perform)   Patricia L. Hahn

58

9

Surgical Cricothyrotomy (Assist)   Patricia L. Hahn

64

10

Nasopharyngeal Airway Insertion   Kirsten N. Skillings and Bonnie L Curtis

69

11

Oropharyngeal Airway Insertion   Kirsten N. Skillings and Bonnie L. Curtis

74

12

Suctioning: Endotracheal or Tracheostomy Tube   Marianne Chulay and Maureen A. Seckel

79

13

Tracheal Tube Cuff Care   Kirsten N. Skillings and Bonnie L Curtis

88

14

Tracheostomy Tube Care   Kirsten N. Skillings and Bonnie L. Curtis

96

SECTION TWO

SPECIAL PULMONARY PROCEDURES   Section Editor, Michael W. Day

15

Continuous End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring   Vicki S. Good and Paul Luehrs

105

16

Continuous Venous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring   Jan M. Headley and Karen K. Giuliano

113

17

Oxygen Saturation Monitoring with Pulse Oximetry   Sandra L. Schutz

121

18

Pronation Therapy   Kathleen M. Vollman and Jan Powers

129

SECTION THREE

THORACIC CAVITY MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Michael W. Day

19

Autotransfusion   Robin M. Beard

750

20

AP Chest Tube Placement (Perform)   Paula A. Lusardi, Susan S. Scott, and Finn Scott

154

21

Chest Tube Placement (Assist)   Susan S. Scott, Paula A. Lusardi, and Finn Scott

164

22

AP Chest Tube Removal (Perform)   Peggy Kirkwood

171

23

AP Chest Tube Removal (Assist)   Peggy Kirkwood

178

24

Closed Chest Drainage System   Joya D. Pickett

184

25

AP Needle Thoracostomy (Perform)   Cynthia A. Goodrich

204

26

AP Thoracentesis (Perform)   Susan Yeager

208

27

Thoracentesis (Assist)   Susan Yeager

219

SECTION FOUR

VENTILATORY MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Michael W. Day

28

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)   Suzanne M. Burns

225

29

Arterial–Venous Oxygen Content Difference and Oxygen Transport (Delivery) and Consumption Calculations   Suzanne M. Burns

235

30

Auto-Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (Auto-PEEP) Calculation   Suzanne M. Burns

239

31

Compliance and Resistance Measurement   Suzanne M. Burns

244

32

Manual Self-Inflating Resuscitation Bag-Valve Device   Suzanne M. Burns

248

33

Indices of Oxygenation   Suzanne M. Burns

255

34

Shunt Calculation   Suzanne M. Burns

259

35

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (Through an Artificial Airway): Volume and Pressure Modes   Suzanne M. Burns

262

36

Standard Weaning Criteria: Negative Inspiratory Force or Pressure, Positive Expiratory Pressure, Spontaneous Tidal Volume, Vital Capacity, and Rapid Shallow Breathing Index   Suzanne M. Burns

285

37

Weaning Process   Suzanne M. Burns

291

38

Peripheral Nerve Stimulators   Janet G. Whetstone Foster

303

UNIT II

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

SECTION FIVE

CARDIAC EMERGENCIES   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

39

Automated External Defibrillation   Charlotte A. Green

312

40

Cardioversion   Cynthia Hambach

319

41

Defibrillation (External)   Cynthia Hambach

329

42

AP Defibrillation (Internal)   Linda Schakenbach

337

43

AP Emergent Open Sternotomy (Perform)   Linda Schakenbach

343

44

Emergent Open Sternotomy (Assist)   Linda Schakenbach

350

45

AP Pericardiocentesis (Perform)   Deborah E. Becker

355

46

Pericardiocentesis (Assist)   Deborah E. Becker

364

SECTION SIX

CARDIAC PACEMAKERS   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

47

Atrial Electrogram   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

371

48

AP Atrial Overdrive Pacing (Perform)   Linda Schakenbach

380

49

AP Epicardial Pacing Wire Removal   Linda Schakenbach

387

50

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator   Carol A. Offutt and Sharon R. Josephson-Keeven

391

51

Permanent Pacemaker (Assessing Function)   Carol A. Offutt

403

52

Temporary Transcutaneous (External) Pacing   Valerie Spotts

413

53

AP Temporary Transvenous Pacemaker Insertion (Perform)   Deborah E. Becker

421

54

Temporary Transvenous and Epicardial Pacing   Valerie Spotts

429

SECTION SEVEN

CIRCULATORY ASSIST DEVICES   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

55

Intraaortic Balloon Pump Management   Deborah Castellucci

443

56

ap Ventricular Assist Devices   Desiree A. Fleck and Mark Puhlman

464

SECTION EIGHT

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC LEADS AND CARDIAC MONITORING   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

57

Electrocardiographs Leads and Cardiac Monitoring   Mary G. McKinley

490

58

Extra Electrocardiographic Leads: Right Precordial and Left Posterior Leads   Shu–Fen Wung and Barbara J. Drew

502

59

Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring   Michele M. Pelter and Mary G. Carey

511

60

Twelve-Lead Electrocardiogram   Mary G. McKinley

519

SECTION NINE

HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

61

AP Arterial Catheter Insertion (Perform)   Deborah E. Becker

527

62

Arterial Catheter Insertion (Assist), Care, and Removal   Rose B. Shaffer

534

63

Arterial Pressure-Based Cardiac Output Monitoring   Mary Ellen Kern

548

64

Blood Sampling from an Arterial Catheter   Rose B. Shaffer

555

65

Blood Sampling from a Central Venous Catheter   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

565

66

Blood Sampling from a Pulmonary Artery Catheter   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

572

67

Cardiac Output Measurement Techniques (Invasive)   Deborah G. Klein

577

68

Central Venous Catheter Removal   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

595

69

Central Venous Catheter Site Care   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

600

70

Central Venous/Right Atrial Pressure Monitoring   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

603

71

Left Atrial Catheter: Care and Assisting with Removal   Barbara Leeper

609

72

AP Pulmonary Artery Catheter Insertion (Perform)   Desiree A. Fleck

617

73

Pulmonary Artery Catheter Insertion (Assist) and Pressure Monitoring   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

626

74

Pulmonary Artery Catheter Removal   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

648

75

Pulmonary Artery Catheter and Pressure Lines, Troubleshooting   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

655

76

Single-Pressure and Multiple-Pressure Transducer Systems   Teresa Preuss and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

670

SECTION TEN

SPECIAL CARDIAC PROCEDURES   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

77

AP Arterial and Venous Sheath Removal   Rose B. Shaffer

681

78

Pericardial Catheter Management   Mary Ellen Kern

690

79

Transesophageal Echocardiography (Assist)   Linda M. Hoke and Janice Y. Dawson

705

SECTION ELEVEN

VASCULAR ACCESS   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

80

AP Arterial Puncture   Linda Bucher and Joel M. Brown II

713

81

AP Central Venous Catheter Insertion (Perform)   Desiree A. Fleck

721

82

Central Venous Catheter Insertion (Assist)   Desiree A. Fleck

738

83

AP Implantable Venous Access Device: Access, Deaccess, and Care   Anne C. Muller

745

84

Intraosseous Devices   Robin Scott and Michael W. Day

755

85

AP Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter   Linda Bucher and Linda V. Sanderson

763

UNIT III

NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM

SECTION TWELVE

NEUROLOGIC MONITORING   Section Editor, Mary Beth Flynn Makic and Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

86

Bispectral Index Monitoring   Richard B. Arbour

775

87

Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitoring: Insertion (Assist), Care, and Troubleshooting   Eileen Maloney-Wilensky, Stephanie A. Bloom, and Michael F. Stiefel

792

88

Intracranial Bolt and Fiberoptic Catheter Insertion (Assist), Intracranial Pressure Monitoring, Care, Troubleshooting, and Removal   Tess Slazinski

802

89

Combination Intraventricular/Fiberoptic Catheter Insertion (Assist), Monitoring, Nursing Care, Troubleshooting, and Removal   Tess Slazinski

809

90

Jugular Venous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring: Insertion (Assist), Patient Care, Troubleshooting, and Removal   Tess Slazinski

816

91

Lumbar Subarachnoid Catheter Insertion (Assist) for Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage and Pressure Monitoring   Mary Beth Flynn Makic and Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

826

92

Intraventricular Catheter with External Transducer for Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage and Intracranial Pressure Monitoring   D. Nathan Preuss

836

93

AP Transcranial Doppler Monitoring   Anne W. Alexandrov

849

SECTION THIRTEEN

SPECIAL NEUROLOGIC PROCEDURES   Section Editor, Mary Beth Flynn Makic and Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand

94

External and Intravascular Warming/Cooling Devices   Nicole L. Kupchik

861

95

AP Lumbar Puncture (Perform)   Susan Chiojfi

872

96

Lumbar Puncture (Assist)   Susan Chioffi

880

SECTION FOURTEEN

TRACTION MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand and Teresa Preuss

97

Cervical Tongs or Halo Ring: Application for Use in Cervical Traction (Assist)   Mary Hanson

888

98

Halo Ring and Vest Care   Mary Hanson

895

99

Pin Site Care: Cervical Tongs and Halo Pins   Mary Hanson

904

100

Cervical Traction Maintenance   Mary Hanson

908

SECTION FIFTEEN

PAIN MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Debra Lynn–McHale Wiegand and Teresa Preuss

101

Epidural Catheters: Assisting with Insertion and Pain Management   Sarah-Jane Lawless

915

102

Patient-Controlled Analgesia   Lorie Ann Meek

928

103

Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Assisting with Insertion and Pain Management   Sarah-Jane Lawless

936

UNIT IV

GASTROINTESLINAL SYSTEM

SECTION SISTEEN

SPECIAL GASTROINTESTINAL PROCEDURES   Section Editor, Eleanor Fitzpatrick

104

Esophagogastric Tamponade Tube   Kathy Bunzli

947

105

Gastric Lavage in Hemorrhage and Overdose   Ann G. Will

958

106

Intraabdominal Pressure Monitoring   John J. Gallagher

967

107

AP Paracentesis (Perform)   Eleanor Fitzpatrick

981

108

Paracentesis (Assist)   Eleanor Fitzpatrick

988

109

AP Peritoneal Lavage (Perform)   Jenny Bosley

994

110

Peritoneal Lavage (Assist)   Jenny Bosley

1002

111

Endoscopic Therapy   Eleanor Fitzpatrick

1010

UNIT V

RENAL SYSTEM

SECTION SEVENTEEN

RENAL REPLACEMENT   Section Editor, Teresa Preuss

112

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies   Sonia M. Astle

1018

113

Hemodialysis   Sonia M. Astle

1033

114

Peritoneal Dialysis   Sonia M. Astle

1048

UNIT VI

HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM

SECTION EIGHTEEN

FLUID MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Teresa Preuss

115

Use of a Massive Infusion Device and a Pressure Infusor Bag   D. Nathan Preuss

1057

SECTION NINETEEN

SPECIAL HEMATOLOGIC PROCEDURES   Section Editor, Teresa Preuss

116

Apheresis and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (Assist)   Sonia M. Astle

1070

117

AP Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration (Perform)   Eileen C. Finnegan

1079

118

Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration (Assist)   Eileen C. Finnegan

1086

UNIT VII

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

SECTION TWENTY

BURN WOUND MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Mary Beth Flynn Makic

119

Donor Site Care   Elizabeth A. Mann

1091

120

Burn Wound Care   Elizabeth A. Mann

1097

121

Skin Graft Care   Dawn Lequatte Sculco

1109

SECTION TWENTY-ONE

SPECIAL INTEGUMENTARY PROCEDRUES   Section Editor, Mary Beth Flynn Makic

122

AP Intracompartmental Pressure Monitoring   Christine A. Cottingham

1118

123

Pressure Redistribution Surfaces: Continual Lateral Rotation Therapy and RotoRest™ Lateral Rotation Surface   Shannon Johnson

1124

124

AP Wound Closure   Tracey Anderson

1133

125

Suture and Staple Removal   Tracey Anderson

1144

SECTION TWENTY-TWO

WOUND MANAGEMENT   Section Editor, Mary Beth Flynn Makic

126

Cleaning, Irrigating, Culturing, and Dressing an Open Wound   Marylou V. Robinson

1149

127

AP Débridement: Pressure Ulcers, Burns, and Wounds   Julie Lynn Henderson

1159

128

Wound Management with Excessive Drainage   Mary Beth Flynn Makic

1166

129

Drain Removal   Mary Beth Flynn Makic

1172

130

Fecal Containment Devices and Bowel Management System   Mary Beth Flynn Makic

1175

131

Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy   Paula Gipp

1182

UNIT VIII

NUTRITION   Section Editor, Eleanor Fitzpatrick

132

Small-Bore Feeding Tube Insertion Using an Electromagnetic Guidance System (CORTRAK®)   Karen A. Gilbert and Patricia H. Worthinghm

1192

133

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG), Gastrostomy, and Jejunostomy Tube Care   Margaret M. Ecklund

1201

134

Small-Bore Feeding Tube Insertion and Care   Margaret M. Ecklund

1206

UNIT IX

END OF LILFE   Section Editor Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand

135

AP Determination of Death in Adult Patients   Margaret L. Campbell

1211

136

Organ Donation: Identification of Potential Organ Donors, Request for Organ Donation, and Care of the Organ Donor   D. Nathan Preuss

1223

137

Donation After Cardiac Death   Margaret L. Campbell

1229

138

Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Therapy   Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand and Margaret M. Mahon

1235

UNIT X

CALCULATING MEDICATION DOSES   Section Editor, Eleanor Fitzpatrick

139

Calculating Doses and Flow Rates and Administering Continuous Intravenous Infusions   Shelley Burcat and Maribeth Kelly

1242