Table of Contents
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ESOPHAGUS Neil R. Floch |
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1 |
Topographic
Relations of the Esophagus |
3 |
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2 |
Musculature
of the Esophagus |
6 |
|
3 |
Arterial
Blood Supply of the Esophagus |
8 |
|
4 |
Venous
Drainage of the Esophagus |
10 |
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5 |
Innervation of the Esophagus:
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic |
12 |
|
6 |
Intrinsic Innervation of
the Alimentary Tract |
14 |
|
7 |
Histology
of the Esophagus |
16 |
|
8 |
Gastroesophageal Junction and
Diaphragm |
18 |
|
9 |
Deglutition |
21 |
|
10 |
Neuroregulation of Deglutition |
25 |
|
11 |
Congenital
Anomalies of the Esophagus |
28 |
|
12 |
Schatzki Ring |
31 |
|
13 |
Plummer-Vinson
Syndrome |
33 |
|
14 |
Esophageal
Motility Disorders |
35 |
|
15 |
Achalasia |
39 |
|
16 |
Esophageal Diverticula |
42 |
|
17 |
Foreign
Bodies in the Esophagus |
46 |
|
18 |
Caustic
Injury of the Esophagus |
48 |
|
19 |
Esophageal
Rupture and Perforation |
50 |
|
20 |
Esophageal
Varicosities |
53 |
|
21 |
Castroesophageal Reflux Disease |
56 |
|
22 |
Esophagitis: Acute and Chronic |
60 |
|
23 |
Esophageal
Ulcers |
62 |
|
24 |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis |
64 |
|
25 |
Benign
Esophageal Stricture |
66 |
|
26 |
Sliding and
Paraesophageal
Hiatal
Hernias, Types 1, 2, and 3 |
68 |
|
27 |
Barrett’s
Esophagus |
74 |
|
28 |
Benign Neoplasms of the
Esophagus |
77 |
|
29 |
Malignant Neoplasms: Upper
and Middle Portions of the Esophagus |
79 |
|
30 |
Malignant Neoplasms: Lower
End of the Esophagus |
81 |
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SECTION II |
STOMACH AND DUODENUM Martin H. Floch |
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|
31 |
Anatomy of
the Stomach: |
87 |
|
32 |
Anatomy and
Relations of the Duodenum |
89 |
|
33 |
Mucosa of
the Stomach |
91 |
|
34 |
Duodenal
Mucosa and Duodenal Structures |
93 |
|
35 |
Blood
Supply and Collateral Circulation of Upper Abdominal Organs |
95 |
|
36 |
Lymphatic
Drainage of the Stomach |
98 |
|
37 |
Innervation of the Stomach
and the Duodenum |
100 |
|
38 |
Gastric
Secretion |
102 |
|
39 |
Factors
Influencing Gastric Activity |
104 |
|
40 |
Role of the
Stomach in Digestion |
106 |
|
41 |
Gastric
Acid Secretion Tests: Hydrochloric Acid and Gastrin |
108 |
|
42 |
Effect of
Drugs on Gastric Function |
110 |
|
43 |
Upper
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy:
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
112 |
|
44 |
Coated
Tongue, Halitosis, and Thrush |
114 |
|
45 |
Aerophagia and Eructation |
116 |
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46 |
Motility of
the Stomach |
118 |
|
47 |
Gastroparesis and Gastric
Motility Disorders |
120 |
|
48 |
Pyloric
Obstruction and the Effects of Vomiting |
123 |
|
49 |
Nausea and
Vomiting |
125 |
|
50 |
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis |
129 |
|
51 |
Diverticula of the Stomach
and Gastrointestinal Prolapse |
131 |
|
52 |
Diverticula of the Duodenum |
133 |
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53 |
Dyspepsia,
Functional Dyspepsia, and Nonulcer
Dyspepsia |
135 |
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54 |
Helicobacter Pylori Infection |
137 |
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55 |
Gastritis |
140 |
|
56 |
Erosive
Gastritis: Acute Gastric Ulcers |
142 |
|
57 |
Peptic
Ulcer Disease: Definition and Pathophysiology |
144 |
|
58 |
Peptic
Ulcer Disease: Duodenitis
and Ulcer of the Duodenal Bulb |
146 |
|
59 |
Peptic
Ulcer Disease: Complications |
148 |
|
60 |
Gastrointestinal
Bleeding |
151 |
|
61 |
Therapeutic
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy |
154 |
|
62 |
Benign
Tumors of the Stomach |
156 |
|
63 |
Gastric
Lymphoma and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue |
158 |
|
64 |
Cancers of
the Stomach |
161 |
|
65 |
Tumors of
the Duodenum |
164 |
|
66 |
Principles
of Gastric Surgery |
166 |
|
67 |
Treatment
of Morbid Obesity |
168 |
|
68 |
Complications
of Bariatric
Surgery Raul J. Rosenthal,
Neil R. Floch, and Jeremy Eckstein |
173 |
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69 |
Postgastrectomy Complications:
Partial Gastrectomy |
177 |
|
70 |
Effects of
Total Gastrectomy |
180 |
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SECTION III |
ABDOMINAL WALL Raul J. Rosenthal |
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71 |
Anterolateral Abdominal
Wall David Podkameni and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
185 |
|
72 |
Peritoneum David Podkameni and Raul J. Rosenthal |
187 |
|
73 |
Pelvic
Fascia and Perineopelvic
Spaces David Podkameni and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
190 |
|
74 |
Inguinal
Canal Colleen Kennedy
and Raul J. Rosenthal |
193 |
|
75 |
Abdominal
Regions and Planes Flavia Soto and Raul J. Rosenthal |
196 |
|
76 |
Abdominal
Wall and Cavity: Congenital Abnormalities Flavia Soto
and Raul J. Rosenthal |
198 |
|
77 |
Acute
Abdomen Flavia Soto and Raul J. Rosenthal |
199 |
|
78 |
Alimentary
Tract Obstruction Cuillermo Higa and Raul J. Rosenthal |
201 |
|
79 |
Mesenteric
Vascular Occlusion Guillermo
Higa and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
204 |
|
80 |
Other
Vascular Lesions Cuillermo Higa and Raul J. Rosenthal |
206 |
|
81 |
Acute
Peritonitis Dario Berkowski and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
209 |
|
82 |
Chronic
Peritonitis Dario Berkowski and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
211 |
|
83 |
Cancer of
the Peritoneum Dario Berkowski and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
213 |
|
84 |
Benign
Paroxysmal Peritonitis (Familial Mediterranean Fever) Colleen Kennedy and Raul J. Rosenthal |
216 |
|
85 |
Abdominal
Wounds of the Small Intestine Colleen Kennedy1 and Raul J. Rosenthal |
218 |
|
86 |
Abdominal
Wounds of the |
220 |
|
87 |
Indirect
and Direct Inguinal Hernias Emanuele Lo Menzo and Raul J. Rosenthal |
222 |
|
88 |
Femoral
Hernias Emanuele Lo Menzo and Raul J. Rosenthal |
226 |
|
89 |
Ventral
Hernias Flavia Soto and Raul J. Rosenthal |
228 |
|
90 |
Lumbar, Obturator,
Sciatic, and Perineal
Hernias Samir Yebara and Raul J. Rosenthal |
230 |
|
91 |
Internal
Hernias: Congenital Intraperitoneal
Hernias Elias Chousleb and
Raul J. Rosenthal |
232 |
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SECTION IV |
SMALL INTESTINE Martin H. Floch |
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92 |
Topography
of the Small Intestine |
235 |
|
93 |
Gross
Structure of the Small Intestine |
237 |
|
94 |
Microscopic
Structure of the Small Intestine |
239 |
|
95 |
Terminal Lleum |
241 |
|
96 |
Secretory, Digestive, and Absorptive Functions
of the Small Intestine |
243 |
|
97 |
Gastrointestinal
Hormones |
247 |
|
98 |
Imaging of
the Small Intestine |
250 |
|
99 |
Vascular
Supply and Drainage in the Small Intestine |
253 |
|
100 |
Innervation of the Small and
Large Intestines |
257 |
|
101 |
Visceral
Reflexes |
261 |
|
102 |
Congenital
Abnormalities of the Small Intestine |
263 |
|
103 |
Meckel Diverticulum |
265 |
|
104 |
Diverticula of the Small
Intestine |
267 |
|
105 |
Motility
and Dysmotility
of the Small Intestine |
269 |
|
106 |
Obstruction
and Ileus
of the Small Intestine |
271 |
|
107 |
Chronic
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction |
274 |
|
108 |
Irritable
Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders |
277 |
|
109 |
Evaluation
of the Small Bowel |
280 |
|
110 |
Lactose
Intolerance |
283 |
|
111 |
Diarrhea |
286 |
|
112 |
Celiac
Disease and Malabsorption |
289 |
|
113 |
Whipple
Disease |
294 |
|
114 |
Small
Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth |
296 |
|
115 |
Short Bowel
Syndrome |
298 |
|
116 |
Food Allergy |
301 |
|
117 |
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis |
304 |
|
118 |
Intussusception of the Small
Intestine |
306 |
|
119 |
Benign
Tumors of the Small Intestine |
308 |
|
120 |
Malignant
Tumors of the Small Intestine |
311 |
|
121 |
Carcinoid Syndrome and Neuroendocrine Tumors |
313 |
|
122 |
Lleostomy, Colostomy, and Gastroenteric Stromas |
316 |
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SECTION V |
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|
123 |
Structure
and Histology of the |
321 |
|
124 |
Sigmoid
Colon |
324 |
|
125 |
Rectum and
Anal Canal |
326 |
|
126 |
Vascular,
Lymphatic, and Nerve Supply of the Large Intestine |
331 |
|
127 |
Secretory, Digestive, and Absorptive Functions
of the |
335 |
|
128 |
Probiotics |
338 |
|
129 |
Anoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, and Colonoscopy |
341 |
|
130 |
Laparoscopy |
344 |
|
131 |
Stool
Examination |
346 |
|
132 |
Intestinal
Bleeding |
349 |
|
133 |
Motility
and Dysmotility
of the Large Intestine |
352 |
|
134 |
Defecation |
354 |
|
135 |
Pathophysiology of Defecation and
Fecal Incontinence |
357 |
|
136 |
Constipation |
360 |
|
137 |
Effects of
Drugs on the |
363 |
|
138 |
Megacolon |
365 |
|
139 |
Sigmoid Volvulus |
367 |
|
140 |
Volvulus of the Cecum |
369 |
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Diseases of
the Appendix: Inflammation, Mucocele,
and Tumors |
371 |
|
142 |
Diverticulosis: Diverticular
Disease of the |
373 |
|
143 |
Diverticulosis: Diverticulitis
and its Complications and Diverticular
Bleeding |
375 |
|
144 |
Ulcerative
Colitis: Definition and General Description |
378 |
|
145 |
Ulcerative
Colitis: Extraintestinal
Manifestations and Complications |
381 |
|
146 |
Ulcerative
Colitis: Histologic
Diagnosis and Dysplasia |
383 |
|
147 |
Ulcerative
Colitis: Surgical Treatment |
386 |
|
148 |
Lleostomy and Colostomy |
388 |
|
149 |
Heal Pouch
Anal Anastomosis
and Pouchitis |
390 |
|
150 |
Differentiating
Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease |
393 |
|
151 |
Crohn’s Disease |
396 |
|
152 |
Crohn’s Disease: Complications and Surgical
Therapy |
399 |
|
153 |
Perianal Disease in Crohn’s Disease |
401 |
|
154 |
Drug
Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
403 |
|
155 |
Microscopic
Colitis (Lymphocytic
or Collagenous
Colitis) |
407 |
|
156 |
Neoplasms of the Large Bowel: |
409 |
|
157 |
Neoplasms of the Large Bowel: Screening and
Treatment of |
411 |
|
158 |
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Polyposis
Syndromes |
413 |
|
159 |
|
416 |
|
160 |
|
418 |
|
161 |
Rectal
Cancer |
421 |
|
162 |
Hemorrhoids |
423 |
|
163 |
Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia |
425 |
|
164 |
Anal
Fissure, Pruritus
Ani, Papillitis, and Cryptitis |
427 |
|
165 |
Anorectal Abscess and Fistula |
430 |
|
166 |
Lymphogranuloma Venereum and
Sexually Transmitted Proctitis |
433 |
|
167 |
Fecal
Incontinence |
436 |
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SECTION VI |
INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT Martin H. Floch |
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|
168 |
Esophageal
Infections |
441 |
|
169 |
Typhoid
Fever (Paratyphoid Fever, Enteric Fever) |
443 |
|
170 |
Food
Poisoning and Enteric Pathogens |
446 |
|
171 |
Clostridium Difficile,
Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis,
and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea |
450 |
|
172 |
Gastrointestinal
Tuberculosis |
452 |
|
173 |
Abdominal Actinomycosis |
455 |
|
174 |
Amebiasis |
457 |
|
175 |
Giardia Lamblia and Other Protozoan Infections |
459 |
|
176 |
Intestinal Helminths: Trichuriasis |
462 |
|
177 |
Enterobiasis |
464 |
|
178 |
Ascariasis |
466 |
|
179 |
Strongyloidiasis |
468 |
|
180 |
Hookworm
Disease (Necatoriasis
and Ancylostomiasis) |
470 |
|
181 |
Tapeworm (Cestode)
Infection (Beef): Taenia
Saginata |
472 |
|
182 |
Tapeworm
Infection (Pork): Taenia
Solium |
474 |
|
183 |
Tapeworm
Infection (Dwarf): Hymenolepis
Nana |
476 |
|
184 |
Tapeworm
Infection (Fish): Diphyllobothrium
Latum |
478 |
|
185 |
Other Helminth
Infections: Thchinella
Spiralis
and Flukes |
480 |
|
186 |
Human
Immunodeficiency Virus and the Gastrointestinal Tract |
483 |
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SECTION VII |
PANCREAS C.S. Pitchumoni |
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|
187 |
Development
and Anatomy of the Pancreas |
489 |
|
188 |
Pancreatic
Ducts and Exocrine and Endocrine Organs |
492 |
|
189 |
Pancreatic
Physiology |
494 |
|
190 |
Cystic
Fibrosis |
496 |
|
191 |
Acute Pancreatitis:
Etiology and Clinical Picture |
498 |
|
192 |
Acute Pancreatitis:
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis |
501 |
|
193 |
Acute Pancreatitis:
Complications |
503 |
|
194 |
Chronic Pancreatitis:
Disease Forms and Clinical Picture |
505 |
|
195 |
Chronic Pancreatitis:
Diagnosis, Complications, and Treatment |
508 |
|
196 |
Pancreatic
Cancer: Clinical Picture |
511 |
|
197 |
Pancreatic
Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment |
514 |
|
198 |
Cystic
Tumors of the Pancreas |
515 |
|
199 |
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine
Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) |
517 |
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SECTION VIII |
GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS C.S. Pitchumoni |
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|
200 |
Anatomy and
Function of the Gallbladder |
523 |
|
201 |
Gallstones |
525 |
|
202 |
Acute Cholecystitis |
528 |
|
203 |
Cholecystitis: Complications |
530 |
|
204 |
Chronic Cholecystitis |
532 |
|
205 |
Choledocholithiasis and Cholangitis |
534 |
|
206 |
Sphincter
of Oddi
Dysfunction |
537 |
|
207 |
Ampullary and Callbladder Carcinoma |
539 |
|
208 |
Cholangiocarcrnoma |
541 |
|
SECTION IX |
LIVER Editor: Kris V. Kowdley |
|
|
209 |
Topography
of the Liver |
545 |
|
210 |
Surfaces
and Bed of the Liver |
547 |
|
211 |
Lesser Omentum and
Variations in Form of the Liver |
549 |
|
212 |
Cell Types
within the Liver |
551 |
|
213 |
Vessel and
Duct Distributions and Liver Segments |
556 |
|
214 |
Arterial
Blood Supply of the Liver, Biliary
System, and Pancreas |
558 |
|
215 |
Hepatic
Artery Variations |
561 |
|
216 |
Portal Vein
Tributaries and Portacaval
Anastomoses |
563 |
|
217 |
Portal Vein
Variations and Anomalies |
565 |
|
218 |
Liver
Function Tests |
567 |
|
219 |
Prothrombin Formation |
569 |
|
220 |
Bilirubin and Bile Acid Metabolism |
571 |
|
221 |
Clinical
Manifestations of Cirrhosis |
575 |
|
222 |
Physical
Diagnosis of Liver Disease |
577 |
|
223 |
Causes of
Portal Hypertension |
579 |
|
224 |
Ascites |
581 |
|
225 |
Hepatic
Encephalopathy |
583 |
|
226 |
Hepatorenal Syndrome |
586 |
|
227 |
Variceal Bleeding |
588 |
|
228 |
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic
Shunt |
592 |
|
229 |
Liver Biopsy |
594 |
|
230 |
Hepatic
Necrosis |
597 |
|
231 |
Cirrhosis |
599 |
|
232 |
Imaging
Studies of the Liver |
602 |
|
233 |
Alcoholic
Liver Disease |
606 |
|
234 |
Nonalcoholic
Fatty Liver Disease and Seatohepatitis |
610 |
|
235 |
Extrahepatic Biliary
Obstruction |
613 |
|
236 |
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
617 |
|
237 |
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
623 |
|
238 |
Autoimmune
Hepatitis |
626 |
|
239 |
Acute Viral
Hepatitis (Hepatitis A, D, E) |
628 |
|
240 |
Hepatitis B |
632 |
|
241 |
Hepatitis C |
635 |
|
242 |
Hepatitis
Caused by Other Viruses |
637 |
|
243 |
Hepatotoxicity |
639 |
|
244 |
Disorders
of Bilirubin
Transport |
642 |
|
245 |
Α-Antitrypsin
Deficiency |
644 |
|
246 |
Hereditary Hemochromatosis |
645 |
|
247 |
Liver
Disease in Pregnancy |
648 |
|
248 |
Benign
Liver Tumors |
651 |
|
249 |
Granulomatous Liver Diseases |
653 |
|
250 |
Hepatic Amebiasis |
656 |
|
251 |
Wilson
Disease |
658 |
|
252 |
Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
660 |
|
253 |
Liver
Transplantation |
662 |
|
254 |
Spirochetal Infections |
665 |
|
255 |
Actinomycosis |
667 |
|
256 |
Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease) |
669 |
|
257 |
Schistosomiasis |
671 |
|
258 |
The Liver
in Heart Failure |
673 |
|
259 |
Portal Vein
Obstruction |
675 |
|
260 |
Budd-Chiari Syndrome |
677 |
|
261 |
Bile Duct
Cancer |
678 |
|
262 |
Metastatic Cancer |
681 |
|
263 |
Hepatic
Trauma |
683 |
|
SECTION X |
NUTRITION AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE James S. Scolapio |
|
|
264 |
Dietary and
Nutritional Assessment |
687 |
|
265 |
Macronutrients
and Energy |
690 |
|
266 |
Micronutrient
and Vitamin Deficiency |
691 |
|
267 |
Enteral Nutrition |
694 |
|
268 |
Dietary
Fiber |
696 |
|
269 |
Parenteral Nutrition |
699 |
|
270 |
Malnutrition |
700 |
|
271 |
Obesity |
702 |
|
272 |
Gastrointestinal
Diseases Related to Nutrition |
704 |
|
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