Table of Contents
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SECTION
ONE |
ANTEPARTUM,
INTRAPARTUM, AND TRANSITION TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE |
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1 |
Uncomplicated Antepartum,
Intrapartum, and Postpartum Care Bonita Shviraga and Nanette Landry |
1 |
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Terminology |
1 |
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Normal Maternal
Physiologic Changes by Systems |
1 |
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Antepartum Care |
6 |
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Normal Labor
and Birth |
11 |
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Puerperium:
“Fourth Trimester” |
17 |
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2 |
Antepartum-Intrapartum
Complications Anne B. Broussard and Helen M. Hurst |
20 |
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Anatomy and
Physiology |
20 |
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Conditions
Related to the Antepartum Period |
24 |
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Conditions
Related to the Intrapartum Period |
28 |
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Obstetric
Analgesia and Anesthesia |
35 |
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3 |
Perinatal Substance
Abuse Kathleen Pitts |
41 |
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Introduction |
41 |
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Drugs of Abuse |
42 |
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Stimulants |
46 |
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Cannabinoids |
49 |
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Narcotics and
Opioids |
50 |
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Sedatives/Hypnotics |
52 |
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Inhalants |
53 |
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Other
(Antidepressants) |
53 |
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General Management
Recommendations |
58 |
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Nursing
Interventions |
59 |
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Drug Screening |
63 |
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Breastfeeding |
64 |
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Problems
Associated with Maternal Drug Use |
65 |
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Ethical and
Legal Considerations |
67 |
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4 |
Adaptation to Extrauterine Life M.
Terese Verklan |
72 |
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Anatomy and
Physiology |
72 |
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Routine Care
Considerations in the Transition Nursery |
77 |
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Recognition of
the Sick Newborn Infant |
82 |
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Parent Teaching |
88 |
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5 |
Neonatal Deliver Room
Resuscitation Barbara
Elizabeth Pappas and Brenda Walker |
91 |
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Definitions |
91 |
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Anatomy and
Physiology |
92 |
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Risk Factors |
93 |
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Anticipation
and Preparation for Resuscitation |
94 |
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Equipment for
Neonatal Resuscitation |
95 |
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Apgar Scoring |
95 |
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Decision-Making
Process |
97 |
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Unusual
Situations |
103 |
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Complications
of Resuscitation |
107 |
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Postresuscitation
Care |
107 |
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SECTION
TWO |
CORNERSTONES
OF CLINICAL PRACTICE |
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6 |
Thermoregulation M.
Colleen Brand and Holly Boyd |
110 |
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Identifying
Infants at Risk |
110 |
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Physiology of
Thermoregulation |
111 |
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Mechanisms of
Heat Transfer |
113 |
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Strategies for
Managing Thermoregulation |
114 |
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7 |
Physical
Assessment Susan Arana
Furdon and Kathleen Benjamin |
120 |
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Perinatal
History |
120 |
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Gestational-Age
Instruments |
123 |
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Classification
of Growth and Maturity |
127 |
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Physical
Examination |
132 |
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8 |
Fluid and Electrolyte
Management Brenda Hueske
Halbardier |
156 |
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Fluid Balance |
156 |
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Disorders of
Fluid Balance |
159 |
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Electrolyte
Balance and Disorders |
161 |
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Acid-Base
Balance and Disorders |
168 |
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9 |
Glucose
Management Debra
Armentrout |
172 |
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Glucose Homeostasis |
172 |
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Hypoglycemia |
173 |
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Infant of
Diabetic Mother |
177 |
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Hyperglycemia |
178 |
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Transient or
Permanent Neonatal Diabetes |
179 |
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10 |
Nutritional
Management Georgia R. Ditzenberger |
182 |
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Anatomy and Physiology
of the Premature Infant’s Gastrointestinal Tract |
182 |
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Nutritional
Requirements |
186 |
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Parenteral
Nutrition (PN) |
190 |
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Enteral
Feedings: Human Milk and
Commercial Formulas for Term, Special-Needs, and Premature Infants |
194 |
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Enteral Feeding
Methods |
199 |
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Nursing
Interventions to Facilitate Tolerance of Enteral Feedings |
202 |
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Nutritional
Assessment and Standards for Adequate Growth |
203 |
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11 |
Developmental
Support Carol Turnage
Carrier |
208 |
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Barriers to
Infant Development in the NICU Setting |
208 |
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Developmental
Care Standards |
209 |
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12 |
Pharmacology Christine D. Domonoske |
233 |
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Principles of
Pharmacology |
233 |
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Pharmacodynamics |
234 |
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Pharmacokinetics |
236 |
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Medication
Categories |
243 |
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Central Nervous
System (CNS) Medications |
246 |
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Nursing
Implications for Medication Administration in the Neonate |
250 |
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13 |
Laboratory Concepts and Test
Interpretation Diane M. Szlachetka |
252 |
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Laboratory
Tests in the NICU |
252 |
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Purpose of
Laboratory Testing |
255 |
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Process of
Laboratory Collection |
255 |
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Concepts of
Laboratory Test Interpretation |
258 |
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Principles of
Test Utilization |
259 |
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Iatrogenic Sequelae
of Laboratory Testing—Preventive Strategies |
260 |
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Decision—Questions
to Ask Prior to Obtaining a Laboratory Test |
262 |
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Laboratory
Interpretation—Decision Tree |
264 |
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14 |
Radiologic |
270 |
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Basic Concepts |
270 |
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Terminology |
270 |
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X-ray Views
Commonly Used in the Newborn Infant |
271 |
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Radiographic
Densities |
272 |
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Risks
Associated with Radiographic Examination in the Neonate |
272 |
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Approach to Interpreting
an X-ray |
272 |
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Respiratory
System |
274 |
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Pulmonary
Parenchymal Disease |
275 |
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Pulmonary Air
Leaks |
279 |
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Miscellaneous
Causes of Respiratory Distress |
280 |
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Thoracic
Surgical Problems |
281 |
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Cardiovascular System |
284 |
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Gastrointestinal
System |
287 |
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Skeletal System |
293 |
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Indwelling
Lines and Tubes |
294 |
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Diagnostic
Imaging |
296 |
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15 |
Common Invasive
Procedures Gina M. Heiss-Harris and Teresa Bailey |
299 |
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Airway Procedures |
299 |
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Circulatory
Access Procedures |
307 |
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Blood Sampling
Procedures |
320 |
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Miscellaneous
Procedures |
324 |
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16 |
Pain Assessment and
Management Marlene
Walden |
333 |
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Definition of
Pain |
333 |
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Neonatal Intensive
Care Unit Procedures that Cause Pain |
333 |
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Physiology of
Acute Pain in Preterm Neonates |
334 |
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Standards of
Practice |
336 |
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Pain Assessment |
336 |
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Pain Assessment
Instruments |
338 |
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Nursing Care of
the Infant in Pain |
340 |
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Pain Management
at End of Life |
344 |
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Parents’ Role
in Pain Assessment and Management |
345 |
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17 |
Families in
Crisis Carole Kenner |
347 |
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Crisis and the
Birth of the Sick or Premature Infant |
347 |
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Specific
Population of Parents: Adolescents |
349 |
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The Family in
Crisis |
349 |
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Summary of
Parental Needs to be Met by NICU Staff |
359 |
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18 |
Patient Safety Joan Renaud Smith |
361 |
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19 |
Discharge Planning and
Transition to Home Care Pat
Hummel |
383 |
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Introduction |
383 |
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General
Principles |
383 |
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Health Care
Trends |
384 |
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Discharge
Criteria must be Established and Individualized to the Infant and Family |
385 |
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Parental Needs and
Role in the Discharge and Transition to Home Process |
386 |
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Discharge
Planning and Transition to Home |
387 |
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Neonatal
Teaching Needs |
392 |
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Family and
Infart Care Postdischarge |
393 |
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20 |
Genetics: from Bench to Bedside |
399 |
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Basic Genetics |
399 |
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Chromosomal
Defects |
402 |
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Prenatal
Diagnosis |
402 |
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Postnatal
Testing |
406 |
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Human Genome
Project |
406 |
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Genetic
Counseling |
407 |
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Newborn Care |
408 |
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21 |
Intrafacility and Interfacility
Neonatal Transport S. Louise Bowen |
415 |
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Historical
Aspects |
415 |
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Philosophy of
Neonatal Transport |
416 |
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Intrafacility
Neonatal Transport |
416 |
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Interfacility
Neonatal Transport |
417 |
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Selection of
Transport Vehicles |
418 |
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Transport
Personnel |
419 |
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Transport
Equipment |
421 |
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Neonatal
Transport Process |
422 |
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Documentation |
427 |
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Safety |
428 |
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Disaster
Preparation |
429 |
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Air Transport Considerations |
430 |
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Legal and
Ethical Considerations |
430 |
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Total Quality
Management |
431 |
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22 |
Care of the Extremely Low Birth
Weight Infant Dianne
Susan Charsha |
434 |
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Prenatal
Considerations |
434 |
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Delivery Room
Management |
435 |
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Admission to
the NICU |
436 |
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Parameters of
Clinical Assessment and Nursing Management |
437 |
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23 |
Care of the Late Preterm
Infant Barbara
Elizabeth Pappas and Brenda Walker |
447 |
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SECTION
THREE |
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT OF COMMON DISORDERS |
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24 |
Respiratory
Distress Debbie Fraser
Askin |
453 |
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Lung Development |
453 |
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Physiology of
Respiration |
455 |
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Respiratory
Disorders |
455 |
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Pulmonary Air Leaks
(Pneumomediastinum, Pneumothorax, Pneumopericardium, Pulmonary Interstitial
Emphysema) |
475 |
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Pulmonary
Hypoplasia |
477 |
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Pulmonary
Hemorrhage |
477 |
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Other Causes of
Respiratory Distress |
478 |
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25 |
Apnea Martha Goodwin |
484 |
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Definitions of
Apnea |
484 |
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Types of Apnea |
484 |
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Pathogenesis of
Apnea in the Premature Infant |
485 |
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Causes of Apnea |
487 |
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Evaluation for
Apnea |
488 |
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Management
Techniques |
489 |
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Home Monitoring |
491 |
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26 |
Assisted
Ventilation Debbie
Fraser Askin and William Diehl-Jones |
494 |
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Physiology |
494 |
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Treatment
Modalities |
499 |
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Nursing Care of
the Patient Requiring Respiratory Support or Conventional Mechanical
Ventilation |
502 |
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High-Frequency
Ventilation |
505 |
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Nursing Care
during Therapy |
511 |
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Medications
Used during Ventilation Therapy |
513 |
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Weaning from
Conventional Ventilation |
516 |
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Interpretation
of Blood Gas Values |
517 |
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27 |
Extracorporeal Membrane
Oxygenation Carolyn
Houska Lund |
521 |
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ECMO: a Historical Perspective |
521 |
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Criteria for
Use of ECMO |
522 |
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Venoarterial
Perfusion |
522 |
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Venovenous
Perfusion |
523 |
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Circuit Components
and Additional Devices |
524 |
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Physiology of
Extracorporeal Circulation |
526 |
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Care of the
Infant during ECMO |
527 |
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Post-ECMO Care |
531 |
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Parental Support |
531 |
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Follow-Up and
Outcome |
531 |
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28 |
Cardiovascular Disorders Sharyl L.
Sadowski |
534 |
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Cardiovascular
Embryology and Anatomy |
535 |
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Congenital
Heart Defects |
542 |
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Risk Assessment
and Approach to Diagnosis of Cardiac Disease |
544 |
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Defects with
Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow |
553 |
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Obstructive
Defects with Pulmonary Venous Congestion |
560 |
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Obstructive
Defects with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow |
562 |
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Mixed Defects |
567 |
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Congestive
Heart Failure |
573 |
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Postoperative
Cardiac Management |
576 |
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Postoperative
Disturbances |
578 |
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29 |
Gastrointestinal
Disorders Wanda T. Bradshaw |
589 |
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Gastrointestinal
Embryonic Development |
589 |
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Functions of
the Gastrointestinal Tract |
590 |
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Assessment of
the Gastrointestinal System |
590 |
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Abdominal Wall
Defects |
595 |
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Obstructions of
the Gastrointestinal Tract |
599 |
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Necrotizing
Enterocolitis |
612 |
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Short Bowel
Syndrome |
615 |
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Biliary Atresia |
617 |
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Cholestasis |
618 |
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Gastroesophageal
Reflux |
620 |
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Multisystem
Disorders with Gastrointestinal Involvement |
623 |
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30 |
Endocrine
Disorders Laura
Stokowski |
638 |
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The Endocrine
System |
638 |
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Pituitary Gland
Disorders |
640 |
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Thyroid Gland
Disorders |
641 |
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Adrenal Gland Disorders |
649 |
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Disorders of
Sexual Development |
655 |
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Pancreatic
Disorders |
662 |
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31 |
Hematologic
Disorders William
Diehl-Jones and Debbie Fraser Askin |
666 |
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Development of
Blood Cells |
666 |
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Coagulation |
671 |
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Anemia |
672 |
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Hemorrhagic
Disease of the Newborn |
678 |
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Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation |
679 |
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Thrombocytopenia |
681 |
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Polycythemia |
684 |
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Inherited
Bleeding Disorders |
685 |
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Transfusion
Therapies |
686 |
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Recombinant
Hematopoietic Growth Factors |
690 |
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Evaluation by
Complete Blood Cell Count |
691 |
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32 |
Immunology and Infectious
Disease Judy Wright
Lott |
694 |
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Immune System |
695 |
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Transmission of
Infectious Organisms in the Neonate |
698 |
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Diagnosis and
Therapy |
699 |
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History, Sites,
and Types of Neonatal Infection |
706 |
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Infection with
Specific Pathogens |
708 |
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Infection
Control |
720 |
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33 |
Renal and Genitourinary
Disorders Carol
Botwinski |
724 |
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Embryology |
724 |
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Renal Anatomy |
725 |
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Renal
Hemodynamics |
726 |
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Renal Physiology |
726 |
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Acute Renal
Failure |
728 |
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Hypertension |
731 |
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Potter Syndrome
(Oligohydramnios Syndrome) |
733 |
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Autosomal Recessive
Polycystic Kidney Disease |
735 |
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Multicystic
Dysplastic Kidney Disease |
735 |
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Hydronephrosis |
736 |
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Renal Vein
Thrombosis |
738 |
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Urinary Tract
Infections |
739 |
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Patent Urachus |
740 |
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Hypospadias |
741 |
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Exstrophy of
the Bladder |
742 |
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Undescended
Testicles (Cryptorchidism) |
744 |
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Circumcision |
745 |
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34 |
Neurologic
Disorders Lynn Lynam
and M. Terese |
748 |
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Anatomy of the
Neurologic System |
748 |
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Physiology of the
Neurologic System |
751 |
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Neurologic
Assessment |
752 |
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Neurologic
Disorders |
753 |
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Intracranial
Hemorrhages |
766 |
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Seizures |
771 |
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Hypoxic–Ischemic
Encephalopathy |
774 |
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Periventricular
Leukomalacia |
778 |
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Meningitis |
779 |
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35 |
Congenital
Anomalies Leann Sterk |
782 |
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Specific
Disorders |
786 |
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Nonchromosomal
Abnormalities |
794 |
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Deformation
Abnormalities |
805 |
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Congenital
Metabolic Problems |
806 |
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Disorders of
Metabolism |
807 |
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36 |
Neonatal
Dermatology Catherine
L. Witt |
813 |
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Anatomy and
Physiology of the Skin |
813 |
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Care of the
Newborn Infant’s Skin |
815 |
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Assessment of
the Newborn Infant’s Skin |
816 |
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Common Skin
Lesions |
817 |
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37 |
Ophthaimologic and Auditory
Disorders Debbie
Fraser Askin and William Diehl-Jones |
832 |
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Anatomy of the
Eye |
832 |
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|
Patient
Assessment |
834 |
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Pathologic
Conditions and Management |
834 |
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Anatomy of the
Ear |
844 |
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Innervation |
846 |
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Patient
Assessment |
847 |
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SECTION
FOUR |
PROFESSIONAL
PRACTICE |
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38 |
Foundations of Neonatal
Research Karen A. Thomas |
850 |
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Research and
Generation of Nursing Knowledge |
850 |
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Research Process
and Components of a Research Study |
851 |
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Quantitative
Research |
853 |
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Qualitative
Research |
854 |
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Areas of
Exploration in Neonatal Nursing |
854 |
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Nurses as
Consumers of Research |
854 |
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Ethics in Research
and Nurses as Advocates |
856 |
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39 |
Ethical Issues Tanya Sudia-Robinson |
860 |
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Examining
Ethical Issues in the NICU |
860 |
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|
Principles of
Biomedical Ethics |
860 |
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|
Other
Approaches to Ethical Issues |
862 |
|
|
Case Analysis Model |
863 |
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|
The Nurse’s
Role in Ethical Issues |
863 |
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|
Consulting the
Hospital Ethics Committee |
864 |
|
40 |
Legal Issues M. Terese Verklan |
865 |
|
|
Nursing Process |
865 |
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|
Standard of Care |
866 |
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|
Malpractice |
869 |
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|
Liability |
869 |
|
|
Advance Practice |
873 |
|
|
Documentation |
874 |
|
|
Informed Consent |
877 |
|
|
Professional
Liability Insurance |
878 |
|
|
Appendix A |
882 |
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|
Index |
885 |
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