Table of Contents

 

 

 

PART 1

COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE ICU

 

1

Sudden Deterioration in Neurologic Status   Joseph M. Darby I Anupam Anupam

3

2

Agitation and Delirium   Arna Banerjee I E. Wesley Ely I Pratik P. Pandharipande

7

3

Management of Acute Pain in the Intensive Care Unit   Gustavo Angaramo I Paul Jodka I Stephen O. Heard

11

4

Fever and Hypothermia   Mitchell P. Fink

14

5

Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure   Michael Donahoe

17

6

Low Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure   Kyle J. Gunnerson

24

7

Tachycardia and Bradycardia   Penny Lynn Sappincton

27

8

Arterial Hypoxemia   Paul Rogers

30

9

Acute Respiratory Failure   Lakshmipathi Chelluri I Robert Pousman

33

10

Polyuria   Ramesh Venkataraman I John A. Kellum

36

11

Oliguria   Sanjay Subramanian I Ramesh Venkatarman I John A. Kellum

39

12

Acid-Base Disorders   John A. Kellum

43

13

Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia   John K. Mdlwaine I Howard L. Corwin

53

14

Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia   Sergio Zanotti-Cavazzoni

56

15

Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia   Colin Bauer I Anahat Dhillon

60

16

Hypomagnesemia   Moustafa Hassan I Robert N, Cooney

63

17

Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia   Moustafa Hassan I Robert N. Cooney

65

18

Hypoglycemia   Dieter Mesotten I Greet Van Den Berghe

68

19

Anemia   Fahim A. Habib I Carlschulman I Stephen M. Cohn

72

20

Thrombocytopenia   Sandrorizoli I William C. Aird

78

21

Coagulopathy   Sandro Rizoli I William C. Aird

81

22

Jaundice   Mitchell P. Kink

84

23

Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding   Nitin Dhamua I Robert Pousman I Omer Bajwa I Paul E. Marik

86

24

Ileus   Timothy R. Donahue I Jonathan R. Hiatt

92

25

Diarrhea   Rajeevdhupar I Juan B. Ochoa

94

26

Rashes and Fever   Cheston B. Cunha Burke A. Cunha

97

27

Chest Pain   James M. Dargin I David T.Huang

116

28

Biochemical or Electrocardiographic Evidence of Acute Myocardial Injury   Justin Szawlewicz I Steven M. Hollenberg

120

PART 2

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

29

Biochemical, Cellular, and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death and Secondary Brain Injury In Critical Care   Robert S.B. Clark I Larry Jenkins I Hulya Bayir Patrick M, Kochanek

125

30

Critical Neuropathophysiology   W. Andrew Kofke

134

31

Advanced Bedside Neuromonitoring   Lucido L Ponce I Jovany Cruz Navarro I Claud!A S. Robertson

146

32

Coma   Joerg-Patrick Stobgen I Fred Plum I Patrick Kochanek

153

33

Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation   Clifton W. Callaway

166

34

Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke   Amer M. Malik I Lawrence R. Wechsler

180

35

Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage   Allyson R. Zazulia I Michael N. Diringer

191

36

Seizures in the Critically Iii   Sarice L. Bassin I Thomas P. Bleck

203

37

Neuromuscular Disorders in the ICU   Vern C. Juel I Thomas P. Bleck

212

38

Traumatic Brain Injury   Kimberly S. Meyer I Donald W. Marion

220

39

Spinal Cord Injury   Elizabeth A. Vitarbo I Allan D. Levi

231

40

Neuroimaging   David J. Michelson I Stephen Ashwal

237

41

Intensive Care After Neurosurgery   Andrew I.R. Maas I Philippe G. Jorens I Nino Stocchetti

251

42

Key Issues in Pediatric Neurointensive Care   Patrick M. Kochanek I Robert W. Hickey I Holya Bayir I Erickalfink I Randall A. Ruppel I Robert S.B. Clark

262

PART 3

PULMONARY

 

43

Bedside Monitoring of Pulmonary Function   Michael A. Gentile I John D. Davies

279

44

Principles of Gas Exchange   John J. Marini I David J, Dries

288

45

Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation   Paul E. Marik

296

46

Respiratory System Mechanics and Respiratory Muscle Function   Cesare Gregoretti I Vito Marco Rani Er!

303

47

Heart-Lung Interactions   Michael R. Pinsky I Hernando Gomez

314

48

Mechanical Ventilation   Neil R. Macintyre

328

49

Patient-Ventilator Interaction   V. Marco Ranieri I Cesare Gregoretti I Vincen2o Squadrone

335

50

Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation   Belen Cabello I Ferran Roche-Campo I Jordi Mancebo

342

51

Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation   Thomas Rajan I Nicholas S, Hill

347

52

High-Frequency Ventilation   Mah Chou Liang I Niall D. Ferguson I Thomas E. Stewart Sangeeta Mehta

354

53

Extracorporeal Life Support for Cardiopulmonary Failure   Robert H. Bartlett

360

54

Adjunctive Respiratory Therapy   Sanjay Manocha I Keith R. Walley

364

55

Indications for and Management of Tracheostomy   Bradley D, Freeman

369

56

Hyperbarrc Oxygen in Critical Care   Stephen R. Thom

373

57

Imaging of the Chest   Amy E.Morris I Jeffrey P. Kanne I Eric J, Stern

377

58

Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome   Julie A, Bastarache I Lorraine E. Ware I Gordon R. Bernard

388

59

Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia   Paul E. Mark

398

60

Severe Asthma Exacerbation   Thomas C. Corbridge I Susan J. Corbridge

403

61

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease   Peter M.A. Calve Rley

410

62

Pulmonary Embolism   Russell D. Hull I Graham T=. Pineo

418

63

Other Embolic Syndromes   Claus-Martin Muth I Erik S. Shank

428

64

Pulmonary Hypertension   Lewis J. Rubin

433

65

Pleural Disease and Pneumothorax   J. Terrill Huggins I Peter Doelken I Steven A. Sahn

438

66

Community-Acquired Pneumonia   Michael S. Niederman

450

67

Nosocomial Pneumonia   Gianluigi Li Bassi I Miguel Ferrer I Antoni Torres

464

68

Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient   Carlos Agustl I Carmen Lucena I Antoni Torres

481

69

Lung Transplantation   David Weill

484

70

Burns and Inhalation Injury   Anthony Baldea I Richard L. Gamelli

491

71

Drowning   David Szpilman I James P. Orlowski I Joost Bierens

498

72

Acute Parenchymal Disease in Pediatric Patients   Kathleen M. Ventre I John H. Arnold

504

73

Pulmonary Edema   Zvi Vered I Saar Minha I Edo Kaluski I Nir Uriel

516

PART 4

CARDIOVASCULAR

 

74

Hemodynamic Monitoring   Andrew Rhodes I R. Michael Grounds I E. David Bennett

533

75

Acute Myocardial Infarction   John Riordan I William J. Brady

538

76

Acute Coronary Syndromes: Therapy   Joanne Mazzarelli 1 Steven M. Hollenberg

548

77

Invasive Cardiac Procedures   Stephane Manzo-Silberman I Olivier Varenne

559

78

Supraventricular Arrhythmias   John Camm I Irina Savelieva

565

79

Ventricular Arrhythmias   Raul Gazmuri I Cristina Santonocito

575

80

Conduction Disturbances and Cardiac Pacemakers   Jason Knight I John Sarko

587

81

Sudden Cardiac Death: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators   Frederic L Paulin I Derek V. Exner

594

82

Severe Heart Failure   Eduard Shantsila I Benjamin Wrigley I Michael D. Sosin 1 Gregory Y.H. Lip

604

83

Myocarditis and Acute Myopathies   Fredric Ginsberg I Joseph E. Parrillo

613

84

Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease in Children   Duncan Macrae

625

85

Pericardia! Diseases   Bernhard Maisch I Arsen D. Ristic

639

86

Emergent Valvular Disorders   Catherine M. Otto

647

87

Infectious Endocarditis   Michel Wolff I Jean-Francois Timsit I Bruno Mourvillier

655

88

Hypertensive Crisis: Emergency and Urgency   Stuart L. Ltnas

662

89

Cardiac Surgery: Indications and Complications   Frederic Vanden Eynden I Jacques P. Goldstein

671

90

Pathophysiology and Classification of Shock States   Mark E. Astiz

677

91

Resuscitation from Circulatory Shock   Benottvallet I Emmanuel Robin I Gilles Lebuffe

684

92

Inotropic Therapy   Jean-Louis Teboul I Xavier Monnet I Christian Richard

689

93

Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock   Jay K. Bhama I Robert L. Kormos I Thomas G. Gleason

696

PART 5

GASTROINTESTINAL

 

94

Critical Care Nutrition   Juan B. Ochoa I Daren K. Heyland I Stephen A. Mcclave

711

95

Nutrition Issues in Critically Iii Children   David M. Steinhorn I Laura T. Russo

722

96

Portal Hypertension   Julia Wendon I Pablo Solis-Munoz

730

97

Ascites   Lena M. Napolitano

738

98

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage   Horacio Hojman I Christina J. Wai I Stanley A. Nasraway

746

99

Hepatorenal Syndrome   Anahat Dhillon

752

100

Hepatopulmonary Syndrome   David Kaufman I Anne Marie Mattingly

757

101

Hepatic Encephalopathy   Alvaro Martinez-Camacho I Brett E. Fortune I Gregory T. Everson

760

102

Fulminant Hepatic Failure   Sumincho I Raghavan Murugan I Aual-Khafaji

771

103

Calculous and Acalculous Cholecystitis   Samuel A. Tisherman

780

104

Acute Pancreatitis   Pamela A. Lipsett

785

105

Peritonitis and Intraabdominal Infection   David C. Chen I Philip S. Barie I Jonathan R. Hiatt

795

106

Ileus and Mechanical Bowel Obstruction   Rajeev Dhupar I Juan B. Ochoa

806

107

Toxic Megacolon and Ogilvie's Syndrome   H.M. Oudemans-Van Straaten

808

PART 6

RENAL

 

108

Clinical Assessment of Renal Function   Toddw.B.Gehr I Anton C. Schoolwerth

817

109

Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis   Thomas D. Dubose, Jr. I Pirouz Daeihagh

823

110

Disorders of Water Balance   S. Rob Todd

841

111

Disorders of Plasma Potassium Concentration   Kamel S- Kamel I Mitchell L. Halperin

850

112

Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism   Michelle K. Mcnutt I Rosemary A. Kozar

865

113

Fluids and Electrolytes in Children   Desmond Bohn

876

114

Acute Kidney Injury   Elwaleed A. Elhassan I Robert W. Schrier

883

115

Renal Replacement Therapy   Claudio Ronco I Zaccaria Ricci I Rinaldo Bellomo I Vincenzo D'intini

894

116

Urinary Tract Obstruction   Isaac Teitelbaum I Scott Li Ebman

902

117

Contrast-Induced Nephropathy   M. Khaled Shamseddin I Brendan Barrett

909

118

Glomeruionephritis and Interstitial Nephritis   Christina R. Kahl I Ronald J. Falk

913

PART 7

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

 

119

Antimicrobials in Chemotherapy Strategy   Douglas N. Fish

921

120

Beta-Lactam Drugs   Steven J. Martin

930

121

Aminoglycosides   Rose Jung

938

122

Fluoroquinolones   Douglas N. Fish

943

123

Macrolides   David T. Bearden

949

124

Agents with Primary Activity Against Gram-Positive Bacteria   Diane M. Cappelletty

953

125

Metronidazole and Other Antibiotics for Anaerobic Infections   Jessica C. Njoku I John C. Rotschafer I Elizabeth D. He Rms En

961

126

Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia   Richard G. Wunder1nk

966

127

Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract   Anne Marie G.A. De Smet

972

128

Vascular Catheter-Related Infections   Scott Norwood I Alan D. Cook

976

129

Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Multiple Organ Dysfunction   Konrad Reinhart I Frank Bloos

983

130

Septic Shock   Jean-Louis Vincent

992

131

Sepsis and Multiple Organ System Failure in Children   Joseph Carcillo I Jan A. Hazelzet

998

132

Acute Bloodstream Infection   Walter Zingg I Philippe Eggimann I D1dier Pittet

1004

133

Infections of the Urogenital Tract   Florian M-E. Wagenlehner I Kurt G. Naber

1010

134

Central Nervous System Infections   Karen C. Bloch

1017

135

Infections of Skin, Muscle, and Soft Tissue   David Clay Evans I Steven M. Steinberg

1028

136

Head and Neck Infections   Jeremy D. Gradon

1036

137

Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient   Yoshiro Hayashi I David L Paterson

1040

138

Infectious Endocarditis   Anastasiaantoniadou ! Helen Giamarellou

1047

139

Fungal Infections   Paulo. Gubbins

1050

140

Influenza   Steven M. Opal I Anand Kumar

1061

141

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection   M. Patricia George I Alison Morris

1067

142

Tuberculosis   Edward D. Chan I Marinka Kartalija

1073

143

Malaria and Other Tropical Infections in the Intensive Care Unit   Monica Dhand I Daniel G. Bausch

1080

144

Rickettsial Diseases   Diana F. Florescu I Andre C.Kalil

1093

145

Acute Viral Syndromes   Yoshiro Hayashi I David L. Paterson

1099

146

Ciostridium Difficile Colitis   John G, 6artlett

1105

147

Tetanus   C. Louise Thwaites I Lam M. Yen

1108

148

Botulism   Vern C. Juel I Thomas P, Bleck

1112

149

Dengue   Tran Tinh Hien I Jeremy Farrar

1117

PART 8

HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY

 

150

Anemia and Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Critically Iii Patients   Paulc. Hebert I Alantinmouth

1127

151

Blood Component Therapies   James P. Isbister

1133

152

Management of Neutropenic Cancer Patients   Michael Darmon I Elie Azoulay

1141

153

Venous Thromboembolism in Medical-Surgical Critically Iii Patients   Deborah J. Cook I Mark A. Crowther

1145

154

Hematologic Malignancies in the Intensive Care Unit   Delphine Moreau I Elie Azoulay I Benoit Schlemmer

1150

155

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patient   Sanjay Chawla I Louis P. Voigt I Jeffrey S. Groeger

1155

156

Organ Toxicity of Cancer Chemotherapy   Amelie Seguin I Virginie Lemiale I Anne-Sophie Moreau I Michael Darmon I Adeline Max I Lionel Karlin I Elie Azoulay

1160

157

Hematology and Oncology in Children   Guillaume Emeriaud I Jacques Lacroix

1168

PART 9

OBSTETRICS

 

158

Cardiovascular and Endocrinologic Changes Associated with Pregnancy   Marie R. Baldisseri

1175

159

Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy   Marie R. Baldisseri

1181

160

Acute Pulmonary Complications in Pregnancy   Cornelia R. Graves

1187

161

Postpartum Hemorrhage   Marie R. Baldisseri

1192

162

Trauma in the Gravid Patient   Samuel A. Tisherman I Greta Piper

1198

PART 10

ENDOCRINE

 

163

Hyperglycemic Comas   P. Vernon Van Heerden

1205

164

Hyperglycemia and Blood Glucose Control   Dieter Mesotten I Greet Van Den Berghe

1210

165

Adrenal Insufficiency   Herwig Gerlach

1215

166

Thyroid Gland Disorders   Angela M. Leung I Alan P. Farwell

1225

167

Diabetes Insipidus   Serge Brimioulle

1234

168

Endocrine and Metabolic Crises in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit   Andrew C. Argent

1237

PART 11

PHARMACOLOGY/TOXICOLOGY

 

169

General Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics   Richard C. Brundaqe I Henry J.Mann

1253

170

Poisoning: Overview of Approaches for Evaluation and Treatment   Donna Seger

1265

171

Ethanol, Methanol, and Ethylene Glycol   James A. Kruse

1270

172

Anticonvulsants   Marek A. Mirski

1282

173

Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity   Daniel E. Brooks I Kenneth D, Kat2

1291

174

Drug Therapy in Renal Failure   Rima A. Mohammad I Gregory A. Eschenauer I Gary R. Mat7ke

1294

175

Antidepressant Drug Overdose   John W. Kreit

1303

176

Clinical Use of Immunosuppressants   Kristine S. Schonder I Robert J. Weber I John J. Fung I Thomas E, Starzl

1308

177

Digitalis   Mark A. Munger I Przemystaw B. Radwanski I Benjamin W. Van Tassell

1317

178

Heavy Metals   Daniel E. Rusyniak I Anna Arroyo I Blake Froberg I Brent Furbee

1322

179

Hydrocarbons   Kapilsharma I Kurt C. Kleinschmidt

1330

180

Lithium   Rasheed A. Balogun I Mark D. Okusa

1335

181

Theophylline and Other Methylxanthines   Keith M. Olsen

1339

182

Antipsychotics   Mark Der5hwitz

1342

183

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents   Keith M. Olsen

1346

184

Opioids   Nicole C. Bouchard I Lewis S. Nelson

1354

185

Pesticides and Herbicides   Rick Kingston

1362

186

Sedatives and Hypnotics   Debra J. Skaar I Craig R. Weinert

1366

187

Toxic Inhalants   Kurtkleinschmidt I Evan Schwarz

1374

188

Cocaine   Janice Zimmerman I Philip Alapat

1379

189

Methamphetamine, Ecstasy, and Other Street Drugs   John R. Richards I Robert W. Derlet

1382

190

Pharmacoeconomics   Joseph F. Dasta I Sandra Kane-Gill

1387

PART 12

SURGERY/TRAUMA

 

191

Resuscitation of Hypovolemic Shock   James Kasiewicz I Juan Carlos Puyana

1395

192

Mediastinitis   Robert G.Johnson

1399

193

Epistaxis   Karen H. Calhoun I Minka Schofield

1403

194

Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient   Sajid Shahul I Daniel Talmor I Alan Lisbon

1406

195

Management of Patients After Heart, Heart-Lung, or Lung Transplantation   Juan C. Salgado I Arthur J. Boujoukos

1417

196

Management of Patients After Kidney, Kidney- Pancreas, or Pancreas Transplantation   Greg , I. Beilman

1422

197

Liver Transplantation   David J. Kramer

1431

198

Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation   Peter Abrams I Kareem Abu-Elmagd I Kathryn Felmet I Jorge Reyes I George Mazariegos

1443

199

Aortic Dissection   Frank W. Sellke I Michael A. Coady

1454

200

Splanchnic Ischemia   Jeroen J. Kolkman I Robert H. Geelkerken

1460

201

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome   Zsolt J. Balogh I Frederick A. Moore

1469

202

Thrombolytics   Ryan M. Mcenaney I Edith Tzeng

1475

203

Atheroembolization   Yasir Abu-Omar I David P. Taggart

1483

204

Pressure Ulcers   Laura J. Moore

1489

205

Management of Pain, Anxiety, and Delirium   Christopher G.Hughes J E. Wesley Ely I Pratik P. Pandharipande

1492

206

Burns   Robert L. Sheridan

1499

207

Thoracic Trauma   Walter L. Biffl

1509

208

Abdominal Trauma   Aaron M. Scifres I Andrew B. Peitzman

1518

209

Pelvic and Major Long Bone Fractures   Randy Edwards I Orlando Kirton

1523

210

Pediatric Trauma   Bradley Peterson I Susan Duthie

1529

211

Management of the Brain Dead Organ Donor   Krista Turner

1543

212

Organ Donation After Cardiac Death   Sherilyn Gordon Burroughs I R. Mark Ghobrial

1549

PART 13

ETHICAL AND END-OF-LIFE ISSUES

 

213

Beyond Technology: Caring for the Critically Iii   Phillip D. Levin I Charles L. Sprung

1559

214

Conversations with Families of Critically 111 Patients   Margaret Isaac I J. Randall Curtis

1563

215

Resource Allocation in the Intensive Care Unit   Gordon D. Rubenfeld

1568

216

Basic Ethical Principles in Critical Care   Thomas A. Bledsoe I Mitchell M. Levy

1573

217

Ethical Controversies in Pediatric Critical Care   Jeffrey P. Burns I Robert D. Truog

1576

218

End-Of-Life Issues in the Intensive Care Unit   Nicholas S. Ward I J. Randall Curtis I Mitchell M. Levy

1580

219

Determination of Brain Death   Teresa I. Smith Jacobs I Thomas P. Bleck

1585

PART 14

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CRITICAL CARE

 

220

Building Teamwork to Improve Outcomes   Maurene A. Harvey I Daleen Aragon Penoyer I Connie Jastremski

1589

221

Pursuit of Performance Excellence   Josh Ettinger I Joel Ettinger I Peter J. Pronovost I Thomas G. Rainey

1595

222

Severity-Of-Lllness Indices and Outcome Prediction: Development and Evaluation   Thomas L. Higgins

1604

223

Evaluating Pediatric Critical Care Practices   Anthony D. Slonim I Murray M. Pollack

1615

224

Key Issues in Critical Care Nursing   Franco A. Carnevale I Annie S. Chevrier

1622

225

Transport Medicine   Kate Felmet

1627

226

Mass Critical Care   Ariel Lshiloh I Richard H. Savel I Sharon Leung I Anthony J. Carlese I Vladimir Kvetan

1633

227

Evidence-Based Critical Care   Mary E, Hartman I John A. Kellum I Derek C. Angus

1646

228

Teaching Critical Care   Paul Rogers

1653