9781444121827

Table of Contents


	Preface	x
	Acknowledgements	xi
1	Introduction to medical imaging	1
1.1	Radiography (X-ray imaging)	1
1.2	Contrast materials	3
1.3	CT	3
1.4	US	7
1.5	Scintigraphy (nuclear medicine)	9
1.6	MRI	12
1.7	Hazards associated with medical imaging	17
2	Respiratory system and chest	23
2.1	Introduction	23
2.2	How to read a CXR	23
2.3	Common findings on CXR	27
2.4	CT in the investigation of chest disorders	48
2.5	Haemoptysis	50
2.6	Diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer)	51
2.7	Chest trauma	52
3	Cardiovascular system	57
3.1	Imaging of the heart	57
3.2	Congestive cardiac failure	61
3.3	Ischaemic heart disease	62
3.4	Aortic dissection	66
3.5	Abdominal aortic aneurysm	66
3.6	Peripheral vascular disease	68
3.7	Pulmonary embolism	69
3.8	Deep venous thrombosis	71
3.9	Venous insufficiency	72
3.10	Hypertension	73
3.11	Interventional radiology of the peripheral vascular system	73
4	Gastrointestinal system	81
4.1	How to read an AXR	81
4.2	Contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract	82
4.3	Dysphagia	83
4.4	Acute abdomen	85
4.5	Inflammatory bowel disease	96
4.6	Gastrointestinal bleeding	98
4.7	Colorectal carcinoma	100
4.8	Abdominal trauma	102
4.9	Detection and characterization of liver masses	104
4.10	Imaging investigation of jaundice	107
4.11	Interventional radiology of the liver and biliary tract	111
5	Urology	115
5.1	Imaging investigation of the urinary tract	115
5.2	Painless haematuria	116
5.3	Renal mass	118
5.4	Imaging in prostatism	121
5.5	Adenocarcinoma of the prostate	121
5.6	Investigation of a scrotal mass	122
5.7	Acute scrotum	123
5.8	Interventional radiology in urology	124
6	Obstetrics and gynaecology	127
6.1	US in obstetrics	127
6.2	Imaging in gynaecology	131
6.3	Staging of gynaecological malignancies	134
7	Breast imaging	137
7.1	Breast cancer	137
7.2	Breast imaging techniques	137
7.3	Investigation of a breast lump	141
7.4	Investigation of nipple discharge	144
7.5	Staging of breast cancer	144
7.6	Breast screening in asymptomatic women	144
8	Musculoskeletal system	147
8.1	Imaging investigation of the musculoskeletal system	147
8.2	How to look at a skeletal radiograph	148
8.3	Fractures and dislocations: general principles	150
8.4	Fractures and dislocations: specific areas	157
8.5	Internal joint derangement: methods of investigation	173
8.6	Approach to arthropathies	176
8.7	Approach to primary bone tumours	179
8.8	Miscellaneous common bone conditions	181
9	Spine	187
9.1	Radiographic anatomy of the spine	187
9.2	Spine trauma	188
9.3	Neck pain	195
9.4	Low back pain	196
9.5	Specific back pain syndromes	198
9.6	Sciatica	203
10	Central nervous system	207
10.1	Traumatic brain injury	207
10.2	Subarachnoid haemorrhage	211
10.3	Stroke	213
10.4	Brain tumours	217
10.5	Headache	218
10.6	Seizure	219
10.7	Dementia	220
10.8	Multiple sclerosis	221
10.9	Interventional neuroradiology	221
11	Head and neck	225
11.1	Facial trauma	225
11.2	Imaging of the orbit	227
11.3	Imaging of the paranasal sinuses	228
11.4	Imaging of the temporal bone	229
11.5	Neck mass	231
11.6	Salivary gland swelling	233
11.7	Staging of head and neck cancer	233
12	Endocrine system	237
12.1	Imaging of the pituitary	237
12.2	Thyroid imaging	238
12.3	Primary hyperparathyroidism	240
12.4	Adrenal imaging	241
12.5	Osteoporosis	243
13	Paediatrics	247
13.1	Neonatal respiratory distress: the neonatal chest	247
13.2	Patterns of pulmonary infection in children	250
13.3	Investigation of an abdominal mass	252
13.4	Urinary tract disorders in children	255
13.5	Gut obstruction and/or bile-stained vomiting in the neonate	260
13.6	Other gastrointestinal tract disorders in children	264
13.7	Skeletal disorders in children	267
14	Imaging in oncology	273
14.1	Staging of known malignancy	273
14.2	Assessment of response to therapy	276
14.3	Diagnosis of complications of therapy	277
14.4	Interventional oncology	278
	Index	281