Chapter 1

Introduction

1

What Are Pathogens?

1

What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?

1

What Are Airborne Pathogens?

1

Chain of Transmission

2

Pathogens and the Law

2

Meeting OSHA Standards

3

Who Needs OSHA Training?

3

Employees

3

Why Do I Need This Manual?

4

Site-Specific Work Page

5

Employee Training

5

Vital Vocabulary

6

Check Your Knowledge

7

Chapter 2

Prevention Strategies

a

Overview

8

Routes of Transmission

8

Hierarchy of Controls

9

Administrative Controls

9

Engineering Controls

10

Contaminated Sharps

10

Reusable Sharps

12

Acceptable Sharps Containers

12

The Neediestick Safety Prevention Act

13

Work Practice Controls

13

Hand Hygiene and Handwashing Facilities

14

Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette

14

Cleaning Work Surfaces

15

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

15

Gloves

17

Gowns

18

Eye Protection and Face Shields

18

Respirators and Masks

20

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions

20

Standard Precautions

20

Substances Requiring Standard Precautions

22

Transmission-Based Precautions

22

Contact Precautions

22

Droplet Precautions

22

Airborne Precautions

22

Site-Specific Work Page

23

Employee Training

23

Vital Vocabulary

24

Check Your Knowledge

25

Chapter 3

Bloodborne Pathogens

26

Overview

26

What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?

26

Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens

26

OSHA Expectations Regarding Exposure

27

Reporting Requirements

27

What Is an Occupational Exposure Incident?

27

Reporting an Incident

28

Hepatitis Viruses

29

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

29

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

31

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

32

Routes of Transmission

33

Incubation Period

33

Clinical Presentation

33

Treatment

33

Postexposure Treatment

33

Prevention and Control

33

Site-Specific Work Page

34

Employee Training

34

Vital Vocabulary

35

Check Your Knowledge

35

Chapter 4

Airborne Pathogens

36

Overview

36

What Are Airborne Pathogens?

37

Influenza (Seasonal)

37

Route of Transmission

37

Incubation Period

37

Susceptibility

37

Clinical Presentation

38

Postexposure Treatment

38

Prevention and Control

38

Influenza (Swine and Avian)

38

Tuberculosis

38

Route of Transmission

39

Incubation Period

39

Susceptibility

39

Clinical Presentation

39

Postexposure Treatment

39

Prevention and Control

39

TB Screening

40

Meningitis

41

Route of Transmission

41

Incubation Period

41

Susceptibility

41

Clinical Presentation

41

Postexposure Treatment

42

Prevention and Control

42

Pertussis

42

Route of Transmission

42

Incubation Period

42

Susceptibility

42

Clinical Presentation

42

Postexposure Treatment

42

Prevention and Control

42

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

42

Route of Transmission

42

Incubation Period

42

Susceptibility

42

Clinical Presentation

42

Postexposure Treatment

43

Prevention and Control

43

Varicella (Chickenpox)

43

Route of Transmission

43

Incubation Period

43

Susceptibility

43

Clinical Presentation

43

Postexposure Treatment

43

Prevention and Control

43

Measles

44

Route of Transmission

44

Incubation Period

44

Susceptibility

44

Clinical Presentation

44

Postexposure Treatment

44

Prevention and Control

44

Mumps

44

Route of Transmission

45

Incubation Period

45

Susceptibility

45

Clinical Presentation

45

Postexposure Treatment

45

Prevention and Control

45

Rubella

45

Route of Transmission

45

Incubation Period

45

Susceptibility

45

Clinical Presentation

45

Postexposure Treatment

45

Prevention and Control

46

Hantavlrus

46

Route of Transmission

46

Incubation Period

46

Susceptibility

46

Clinical Presentation

46

Postexposure Treatment

46

Prevention and Control

46

Site-Specific Work Page

47

Employee Training

47

Vital Vocabulary

48

Check Your Knowledge

48

Chapter 5

Postexposure Management

49

Overview

49

What Is an Exposure Control Plan?

49

General Postexposure Management Steps

50

Treat Exposure Site

51

Complete Postexposure Risk Assessment

51

Manage Disease

51

Complete Postexposure Documentation

51

Maintain Medical Surveillance

51

Vital Vocabulary

52

Check Your Knowledge

52

Appendix A

53

Appendix B

61

Appendix C

62

Index

64

Credits

66