Introduction

1

Abbreviations/Mnemonics Used

3

Signaling for Help

3

Signaling Aircraft

3

Other Signals

4

Evacuation

6

Guidelines for Helicopter Evacuation

7

Guidelines for Ground Evacuation

8

First Aid Kits

9

Basic Survival Kit: The Bare Essentials

13

Finding Out What Is Wrong

14

Scene Survey

14

Victim Assessment

14

A-Z of Injuries and Sudden Illnesses

19

Abdominal Complaints

19

Abdominal Pain

19

Nausea and Vomiting

20

Diarrhea

21

Constipation

22

Abdominal Injuries

23

Alcohol and Drug Emergencies

23

Alcohol Intoxication

23

Drugs

24

Allergic Reactions (Severe)

24

Altitude Illnesses

25

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)

25

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

25

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

25

Other Altitude-Related Illnesses

26

Arthropod Bites and Stings

27

Stinging Insects

29

Spider

30

Scorpion

31

Centipede

31

Tick

31

Chigger Mite

32

Mosquito

33

Fleas

33

Asthma

33

Bleeding and Wound Care

34

Wound Care

34

Infected Wound

36

Blood Under a Nail

37

Amputations

37

Animal Bites

39

Blisters

39

Fishhook Removal

41

Internal Bleeding

42

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries

43

Broken Bones (Fractures)

43

Dislocated Joints: Shoulder, Kneecap, and Finger

45

Ankle Injuries

49

Knee Injuries

50

Splinting Guidelines

50

Muscle Injuries

52

Burns

53

Evacuation

55

Cardiac Arrest

56

CPR

56

CPR in Remote Locations

58

AED

60

Chest Injuries

60

Chest Pain

61

Choking

62

Diabetic Emergencies

64

Low Blood Sugar

65

High Blood Sugar

65

Eye Injuries

66

Female Health Problems

68

Vaginitis

68

Urinary Tract Injection

68

Vaginal Bleeding

69

Pregnancy Problems

69

Frostbite

69

Frostnip

71

Immersion Foot

72

Head Injuries

73

Scalp Wound

73

Skull Fracture

73

Brain Injury (Concussion)

74

Evacuation of Head-Injured Person

75

Heart Attack

76

Heat-Related Illnesses

76

Heatstroke

77

Heat Exhaustion

78

Heat Cramps

80

Heat Syncope

80

Heat Edema

81

Heat Rash (Prickly Heat)

81

Hypothermia

81

Mild Hypothermia

82

Severe Hypothermia

83

Lightning Injuries

85

Marine-Animal Injuries

86

Motion Sickness

87

Near-Drowning (Submersion)

88

Nose Injuries

89

Plant-Related Problems

90

Plant-Induced Dermatitis: Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac

90

Cactus Spines

93

Stinging Nettle

94

Swallowed (Ingested) Poisonous Plant

94

Seizures

96

Shock

97

Snake and Other Reptile Bites

98

Spinal Cord Injury

101

Stroke (Brain Attack)

104

Tooth Injuries

105

Wild Animal Attacks

107

Prevention

108

Altitude Illness

108

Avalanche Burial

109

Bear Attack

110

Blisters

113

Cold-Related Emergencies

114

Conserve, Share, and Create. Warmth

116

Clothing

117

Dehydration

118

How Much Fluid to drink?

118

Drowning

119

Heat Stress

120

Insect Stings (Bees, Wasps, Hornets, and Yellow Jackets)

122

Lightning Strike

123

Mosquito Bites

125

Mountain Lion Attack

125

Poisonous Plant Dermatitis

126

Snakebite

127

Tick Bite

127

Waterborne Diseases

129

Boiling

129

Chemicals

130

Special Filters

130

Photo Credits

131