Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1

Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Calculations

2

International System of Units

3

Pharmaceutical Measurement

4

Interpretation of Prescriptions and Medication Orders

5

Density and Specific Gravity

6

Percentage, Ratio Strength, and Other Expressions of Concentration

7

Calculation of Doses: General Considerations

8

Calculation of Doses: Patient Parameters

9

Some Calculations Involving “Units,” “µg/mg,” and Other Measures of Potency

10

Selected Clinical Calculations

11

Isotonic and Buffer Solutions

12

Electrolyte Solutions: Milliequivalents, Millimoles, and Milliosmoles

13

Intravenous Infusions, Parenteral Admixtures, and Rate-of-Flow Calculations

14

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, Body Mass Index, and the Food Nutrition Label

15

Altering Product Strength, Use of Stock Solutions, and Problem-Solving by Alligation

16

Reducing and Enlarging Formulas

17

Selected Calculations in Contemporary Compounding

18

Selected Calculations Involving Veterinary Pharmaceuticals

19

Selected Calculations Associated with Plant Extractives

20

Calculation of Active Drug Moiety

21

Selected Calculations Involving Radiopharmaceuticals

22

Selected Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Calculations

23

Selected Pharmacoeconomic Calculations

Appendix A

Common Systems of Measurement and Intersystem