PART I

ESSENTIAL PRIMERS

1

Notes on the History of Dialysis Therapy in Children   Steven R. Alexander and Pierre Cochat

3

2

The Biology of Dialysis   Zhongping Huang, Dayong Gao, Claudio Ronco, and William R. Clark

17

3

The Demographics of Dialysis in Children   Jeffrey J. Fadrowski, Steven R. Alexander, and Bradley A. Warady

37

4

Organization and Management of a Pediatric Dialysis Program   Linda Jones and Michael Aldridge

53

5

Dialysis in Developing Countries   Hong Xu and Arvind Bagga

73

PART II

CONSIDERATIONS AROUND THE INITIATION OF DIALYSIS

6

The Decision to Initiate Dialysis in a Pediatric Patient   Larry A. Grcenbaum and Franz Schaefer

85

7

Initiation of Maintenance Renal Replacement Therapy in Infants   Rene G. VanDeVoorde III and Denis Geary

101

8

Urological Issues in Pediatric Dialysis   Angus Alexander, Anioine E. FChoury, and Armando J. Lorenzo

115

9

Conservation of Residual Renal Function in Children Reaching End-Stage Renal Disease   Il-Soo Ha and Franz Schaefer

139

PART III

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

10

Peritoneal Access in Children Receiving Dialysis   Bradley A. Warady and Walter S. Andrews

153

11

Technical Aspects and Prescription of Peritoneal Dialysis in Children   Enrico Verrina and Katia Perri

169

12

Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions   Claus Peter Sehmitt

205

13

Peritoneal Dialysis During Infancy   Tuula Holtta, Christer Holmberg, and Kai Ronnholm

219

14

Peritonitis and Exit-Site Infections   Vimal Chadha, Franz Schaefcr, and Bradley A. Warady

231

15

Non-infectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Children   Sevcan A. Bakkaloglu

257

PART IV

HEMODIALYSIS

16

Hemodiatysis Vascular Access in Children   Deepa H. Chand and Mary L. Brandt

275

17

Technical Aspects of Hemodialysis in Children   Marcus R. Benz and Franz Schaefer

287

18

Prescribing and Monitoring Hemodialysis for Pediatric Patients   Stuart L. Goldstein

313

19

Maintenance Hemodialysis During Infancy   Tim Ulinski and Pierre Cochat

321

20

Intensified Hemodialysis in Children   Dominik Miiller and Denis Geary

329

21

Common Complications of Haemodialysis   Daljit K. Hothi and Elizabeth Harvey

345

PART V

MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC DIALYSIS

22

Meeting Nutritional Goals for Children Receiving Maintenance Dialysis   KDOQI Work Group

377

23

Technical Aspects of Controlled Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Dialysis   Bethany J. Foster and Dagmara Borzych

439

24

Growth and Pubertal Development in Dialyzed Children and Adolescents   Dieter Haffner and Dagmar-Christiane Fischer

453

25

Diagnosis and Management of Renal Osteodystrophy in Children   Katherine Wesseling-Perry and Isidro B. Salusky

483

26

The Cardiovascular Status of Pediatric Dialysis Patients   Rukshana Shroff, Elke Wuhl, and Mark Mitsnefcs

505

27

Management of Renal Anemia in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease   Peter D. Yorgin and Joshua Zarksky

531

28

Immune Function and Immunizations in Dialyzed Children   Annabelle N. Chua and Alicia M. Neu

569

29

Neu rological Effects and Cognitive Development   Debbie S. Gipson and Stephen R. Hooper

581

30

Psychosocial Adjustment and Adherence of Children and Adolescents on Dialysis   Ahna L.H. Pai and Lisa M. Ingerski

593

PART VI

DRUGS AND DIALYSIS

31

Drug Administration and Pharmacogenomics in Children Receiving Acute or Chronic Renal Replacement Therapy   Douglas L. Blowey and J. Steven Leeder

609

32

Use of Contrast Agents in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease   Carlos E. Araya and Vikas R. Dharnidharka

629

PART VII

OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC DIALYSIS

33

Long-Term Outcome of Chronic Dialysis in Children   Sarah Ledermann, Lesley Rees, and Rukshana Shroff

645

34

Health-Related Quality of Life in Children on Dialysis   Arlene C. Gerson and Susan Furth

661

35

Transitioning the Adolescent Dialysis Patient to Adult Care   Maria E. Ferris and Lorraine E. Bell

673

36

The Ethics of Withholding or Withdrawing Dialysis in the Pediatric ESRD Patient   Pierre Cochat and Bruno Ranchin

689

37

Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnosis and Treatment with Peritoneal Dialysis, Hemodialysis, and CRRT   Patrick D. Brophy, Hui Kim Yap, and Steven R. Alexander

697

PART VIII

SPECIAL INDICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES OF BLOOD PURIFICATION

38

The Development of CRRT for Infants and Children   Claudio Ronco and Zaccaria Ricci

739

39

Extracorporeal Liver Replacement Therapy for Pediatric Patients   Claus P. Schmitt and Franz Schaefer

755

40

Dialytic Therapy of Inborn Errors of Metabolism   Philippe Jouvet and Franz Schaefer

765

41

Pediatric Therapeutic Aphcresis   Stuart L. Goldstein, Gunter Klaus, David F. Friedman, and Haewon C. Kim

775

42

Extracorporeal Therapy for Drug Overdose and Poisoning   Vimal Chadha

797

Index

809