Table
of Contents
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Contributing Authors |
vi |
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Preface |
xiii |
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Foreword |
xiv |
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Acknowledgments |
xv |
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PART I |
PATHOLOGIC SUBSTRATES AND MECHANISMS OF EPILEPTOGENESIS |
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Section A |
Epidemiology and
Natural History of Epilepsy |
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Chapter 1 |
Epidemiologic Aspects
of Epilepsy Christine Linehan and Anne T.
Berg |
2 |
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Chapter 2 |
The Natural History of
Seizures D. Ding and W.A. Hauser |
11 |
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Section B |
Epileptogenesis,
Genetics, and Epilepsy Substrates |
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Chapter 3 |
Experimental Models of
Seizures and Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis T.A. Benke and A.R. Brooks-Kayal |
20 |
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Chapter 4 |
Genetics of the
Epilepsies Jocelyn
Bautista and Anne Anderson |
34 |
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Chapter 5 |
Pictorial Atlas of
Epilepsy Substrates Ajay
Gupta, Richard A. Prayson, and Janet Reid |
43 |
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PART II |
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY |
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Chapter 6 |
Neurophysiologic Basis
of the Electroencephalogram Erwin-Josef
Speckmann, Christian E. Elger,
and Ulrich Altrup |
60 |
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Chapter 7 |
Localization and Field
Determination in Electroencephalography Richard
C. Burgess |
73 |
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Chapter 8 |
Application of
Electroencephalography in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy Katherine C.
Nickels and Gregory D. Cascino |
93 |
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Chapter 9 |
Electroencephalographic
Atlas of Epileptiform Abnormalities Soheyl
Noacbtar and Elaine Wyllie |
103 |
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PART III |
EPILEPTIC SEIZURES AND SYNDROMES |
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Section A |
Epileptic Seizures |
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Chapter 10 |
Classification of
Seizures |
134 |
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Proposal for Revised Clinical
and Electrographic Classification of Epileptic Seizures |
137 |
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Commission
on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against
Epilepsy (1981) |
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Chapter 11 |
Epileptic Auras Norman K. So |
144 |
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Chapter 12 |
Focal Seizures with
Impaired Consciousness Lara
Jehi and Prakash Kotagal |
153 |
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Chapter 13 |
Focal Motor Seizures, Epilepsia Partialis Continua,
and Supplementary Sensorimotor Seizures Andreas V. Alexopoulos and Stephen E. Jones |
163 |
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Chapter 14 |
Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures Tim
Wehner |
184 |
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Chapter 15 |
Absence Seizures Alexis Arzimanoglou and Karine Ostrowsky-Coste |
192 |
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Chapter 16 |
Atypical Absence
Seizures, Myoclonic, Tonic, and Atonic
Seizures William O. Tatum IV |
202 |
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Chapter 17 |
Epileptic Spasms Ingrid Tuxhorn |
216 |
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Section B |
Epilepsy Conditions:
Diagnosis and Treatment |
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Chapter 18 |
Classification of the
Epilepsies Tobias Loddenkemper |
229 |
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Appendix 18.A |
Proposal for Revised Classification
of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes |
235 |
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Commission
on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against
Epilepsy (1989) |
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Chapter 19 |
Idiopathic and Benign
Partial Epilepsies of Childhood Elaine
C. Wirrell, Carol S. Camfield, and Peter R. Camfield |
243 |
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Chapter 20 |
Idiopathic Generalized
Epilepsy Syndromes of Childhood and Adolescence Stephen Hantus |
258 |
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Chapter 21 |
Progressive and
Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsies Bernd A. Neubauer,
Andreas Hahn, and Ingrid Tuxhorn |
269 |
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Chapter 22 |
Encephalopathic
Generalized Epilepsy and Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome S. Panish
Winesett and William O. Tatum IV |
281 |
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Chapter 23 |
Continuous Spike Wave
of Slow Sleep and Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Mohamad
A. Mikati and Sara M. Winchester |
294 |
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Chapter 24 |
Epilepsy with Reflex
Seizures Benjamin Zifkin and Frederick Andermann |
305 |
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Chapter 25 |
Rasmussen Encephalitis
(Chronic Focal Encephalitis) François
Dubeau |
317 |
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Chapter 26 |
Hippocampal
Sclerosis and Dual Pathology Luigi
D’Argenzio and J.
Helen Cross |
332 |
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Chapter 27 |
Malformations of
Cortical Development and Epilepsy Ghayda Mirzaa, Ruben Kuzniecky, and Renzo Guerrini |
339 |
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Chapter 28 |
Brain Tumors and
Epilepsy Lara Jehi |
352 |
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Chapter 29 |
Post-Traumatic Epilepsy Stephan Schuele |
361 |
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Chapter 30 |
Epilepsy in the Setting
of Cerebrovascular Disease Stephen Hantus, Neil
Friedman, and Bernd Pohlmann-Eden |
371 |
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Chapter 31 |
Epilepsy in the Setting
of Neurocutaneous Syndromes |
375 |
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Epilepsy in the Setting
of Inherited Metabolic and Mitochondrial Disorders Sumit Parikh, Douglas R. Nordli Jr., and Darryl C. De Vivo |
383 |
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Section C |
Diagnosis and Treatment
of Seizures in Special Clinical Settings |
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Chapter 33 |
Neonatal Seizures Kevin E. Chapman, Eli M. Mizrahi, and Robert R. Clancy |
405 |
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Chapter 34 |
Febrile Seizures Michael Duchowny |
428 |
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Chapter 35 |
Seizures Associated
with Nonncurologic Medical Conditions Stephan Eisenschenk, Jean Cibula, and
Robin L. Gilmore |
438 |
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Chapter 36 |
Epilepsy in Patients
with Multiple Handicaps John
M. Pellock |
451 |
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Chapter 37 |
Epilepsy in the Elderly Ilo
E. Leppik and Angela K. Birnbaum |
458 |
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Chapter 38 |
Status Epilepticus Howard
P. Goodkin and James J. Riviello Jr. |
469 |
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Section D |
Differential Diagnosis
of Epilepsy |
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Chapter 39 |
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Attacks Selim R. Benbadis |
486 |
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Chapter 40 |
Other Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Disorders John M. Pellock |
495 |
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PART IV |
ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATIONS |
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Section A |
General Principles of Anticpileptic Drug Therapy |
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Chapter 41 |
Anti Epileptic Drug
Development and Experimental Models H. Steve White |
506 |
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Chapter 42 |
Pharmacokinetics and
Drug Interactions Gail
D. Anderson |
513 |
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Chapter 43 |
Initiation and
Discontinuation of Antiepileptic Drugs Varda Gross Tsur, Christine O’dell, and Shlomo Shinnar |
527 |
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Chapter 44 |
Hormones, Catamenial Epilepsy, Sexual Function, and Reproductive
Health in Epilepsy Cynthia
Harden and Robert Martinez |
540 |
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Chapter 45 |
Treatment of Epilepsy
during Pregnancy Page
B. Pennell |
557 |
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Chapter 46 |
Bone Health and
Fractures in Epilepsy Raj D. Sheth and
Alison Pack |
569 |
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Chapter 47 |
Treatment of Epilepsy
in the Setting of Renal and Liver Disease Jane
G. Boggs, Elizabeth Waterhouse,
and Robert J. Delorenzo |
576 |
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Chapter 48 |
Monitoring for Adverse
Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs L. James Willmore,
John M. Pellock, and Andrew Pickens IV |
592 |
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Chapter 49 |
Pharmacogenetics of
Antiepileptic Medications Tobias
Loddenkemper, Tracy A. Glauser,
and Diego A. Morita |
601 |
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Section B |
Specific Antiepileptic
Medications and Other Therapies |
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Chapter 50 |
Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine Carlos
A.M. Guerreiro and Marilisa M. Guerreiro |
614 |
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Chapter 51 |
Valproate Angela K. Birnbaum,
Susan E. Marino, and Blaise F.D. Bourgeois |
622 |
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Chapter 52 |
Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin Diego
A. Morita and Tracy A. Glauser |
630 |
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Chapter 53 |
Phenobarbital and Primidone Blaise P.D. Bourgeois |
648 |
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Chapter 54 |
Ethosuximide Andres M. Kanner,
Tracy A. Glauser, and Diego A. Morila |
657 |
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Chapter 55 |
Benzodiazepines Lazor
John Greenfield, Jr., Howard C. Rosenberg,
and Elizabeth I. Tietz |
668 |
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Chapter 56 |
Gabapentin and Pregabalin Michael
J. Mclean and Barry E. Gidal |
690 |
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Chapter 57 |
Lamotrigine Frank Gilliam and Barry E. Gidal |
704 |
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Chapter 58 |
Topiramate William E. Rosenfeld |
710 |
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Chapter 59 |
Zonisamide Timothy E. Welty |
723 |
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Chapter 60 |
Levetiracetam Joseph I. Sirven
and Joseph F. Drazkowski |
731 |
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Chapter 61 |
Tiagabine Dana Eckstein and Steven C. Schachter |
736 |
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Chapter 62 |
Felbamate Edward Faught |
741 |
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Chapter 63 |
Vigabatrin Elizabeth A. Thiele |
747 |
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Chapter 64 |
Rufinamide Gregory Krauss and Stefanie Darnley |
753 |
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Chapter 65 |
Lacosamide Raj D. Sheth and Harry S. Abram |
758 |
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Chapter 66 |
Adrenocorticotropin and
Steroids Crislina Y. Go
and Orlando Carter Snead III |
763 |
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Chapter 67 |
Newer Antiepileptic
Drugs Deana M. Gazzola, Norman Delanty, and Jacqueline A. French |
771 |
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Chapter 68 |
Less Commonly Used
Antiepileptic Drugs Basim M. Uthman |
779 |
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Chapter 69 |
The Ketogenic
Diet Douglas R. Nordli Jr. and Darryl C. De Vivo |
790 |
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Chapter 70 |
Vagus Nerve
Stimulation Therapy James
W. Wbeless |
797 |
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PART V |
EPILEPSY SURGERY |
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Section A |
Identifying Surgical Candidates
and Defining the Epileptogenic Zone |
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Chapter 71 |
Issues of Medical
Intractability for Surgical Candidacy Patrick
Kwan and Martin J. Brodie |
810 |
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Chapter 72 |
The Epileptogenic
Zone Anita Datta and
Tobias Loddenkemper |
818 |
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Chapter 73 |
MRI in
Evaluation for Epilepsy Surgery Ahsan N.V. Moosa and
Paul M. Ruggieri |
828 |
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Chapter 74 |
Video-EEG Monitoring in
the Presurgical Evaluation Jeffrey W. Britton |
844 |
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Chapter 75 |
Nuclear Imaging (PET, SPECT) William
Davis Gaillard |
860 |
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Chapter 76 |
Magnetoencephalography Thomas Bast |
869 |
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Chapter 77 |
Diffusion Tensor
Imaging (DTI) and EEG-Correlated fMRI Beate
Diehl and Louis Lemieux |
877 |
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Section B |
Mapping Eloquent Cortex |
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Chapter 78 |
Eloquent Cortex and the
Role of Plasticity Tobias
Loddenkemper and Martin Staudt |
887 |
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Chapter 79 |
Functional MRI for Mapping Eloquent Cortex William Davis Gaillard |
899 |
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Chapter 80 |
The Intracarotid
Amobarbital Procedure Rohit Das
and Tobias Loddenkemper |
906 |
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Chapter 81 |
Intracranial
Electroencephalography and Localization Studies Fernando L.
Vale and Selim R. Benbadis |
914 |
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Section C |
Strategies for Epilepsy
Surgery |
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Chapter 82 |
Surgical Treatment of Refractory
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Tonicarlo R. Velasco
and Gary W. Mathern |
922 |
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Chapter 83 |
Focal and Multilobar Resection Paula
M. Brna and Michael Duchowny |
937 |
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Chapter 84 |
Hemispherectomies, Hemispherotomies, and Other Hemispheric Disconnections Jorge A. González-Martínez and William
E. Bingaman |
948 |
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Chapter 85 |
Multifocal
Resections or Focal Resections in Multifocal
Epilepsy Howard L. Werner, Jonathan Roth, and Stephen
P. Kalhorn |
957 |
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Chapter 86 |
Nonlesional Cases Elson L. So |
964 |
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Chapter 87 |
Hypothalamic Hamartoma John
F. Kerrigan |
973 |
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Chapter 88 |
Corpus Callosotomy and Multiple Subpial
Transection Michael
C. Smith, Richard Byrne, and
Andres M. Kanner |
984 |
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Chapter 89 |
Special Considerations
in Children Ajay Gupta
and Elaine Wyllie |
993 |
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Chapter 90 |
Outcome and
Complications of Epilepsy Surgery Lara
Jehi, Jorge Martinez-Gonzalez, and William Bingaman |
1007 |
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Chapter 91 |
Electrical Stimulation for
the Treatment of Epilepsy S. Matthew Stead and Gregory A. Worrell |
1021 |
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PART VI |
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY |
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Chapter 92 |
Cognitive Effects of
Epilepsy and Antiepileptic Medications Kimford J. Meador |
1028 |
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Chapter 93 |
Psychiatric Comorbidity of Epilepsy Beth Leeman and Steven C. Schachter |
1037 |
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Chapter 94 |
Driving and Social
Issues in Epilepsy Joseph
F. Drazkowski and Joseph I. Sirven |
1051 |
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Chapter 95 |
Achieving Health in Epilepsy:
Strategies for Optimal Evaluation and Treatment Frank G. Gilliam |
1057 |
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Appendix |
Indications for
Antiepileptic Drugs Sanctioned by the United States Food and Drug
Administration Kay C. Kyllonen |
1062 |
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Index |
1064 |
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