Table of Contents
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Preface |
xxi |
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1 |
General
Principles of Psychopharmacological Treatment |
1 |
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General Advice |
3 |
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Practice Guidelines |
4 |
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Legal, Ethical, and
Economic Issues |
4 |
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Bibliography |
13 |
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2 |
Diagnosis
and Classification |
15 |
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Mood Disorders |
17 |
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Bipolar Disorders |
17 |
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Depressive Disorders |
20 |
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Schizophrenia and
Other Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders |
22 |
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Anxiety Disorders |
23 |
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Somatoform Disorders |
28 |
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Personality Disorders |
29 |
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Psychoactive
Substance Use Disorders |
30 |
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Child and Adolescent
Disorders |
30 |
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FDA Approval of
Symptom Reduction Strategies |
31 |
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DSM-V and Pharmacogenetics |
31 |
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Summary |
32 |
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Bibliography |
33 |
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3 |
Antidepressants |
37 |
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History |
40 |
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General Principles of Antidepressant Use |
42 |
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Choosing an
Antidepressant |
42 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
47 |
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Duration of Treatment |
48 |
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
50 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
53 |
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Indications |
54 |
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Side Effects |
59 |
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Overdose |
66 |
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Drug Interactions |
66 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
68 |
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Discontinuation |
72 |
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Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake
Inhibitors (Venlafaxine, Desvenlafaxine, Duloxetine, and Milnacipran) |
74 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
76 |
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Indications |
77 |
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Side Effects |
80 |
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Overdose |
81 |
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Drug Interactions |
82 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
83 |
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Discontinuation |
84 |
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5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists (Trazodone and Nefazodone) |
85 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
85 |
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Indications |
87 |
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Side Effects |
88 |
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Overdose |
91 |
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Drug Interactions |
92 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
93 |
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Discontinuation |
94 |
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Combined
Noradrenergic-Dopaminergic
Antidepressant (Bupropion) |
94 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
94 |
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Indications |
95 |
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Side Effects |
97 |
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Overdose |
98 |
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Drug Interactions |
98 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
99 |
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Mirtazapine |
99 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
99 |
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Indications |
100 |
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Side Effects |
102 |
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Overdose |
104 |
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Drug Interactions |
104 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
104 |
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Tricydic and Tetracyclic
Antidepressants |
105 |
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Structures |
105 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
105 |
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Indications |
110 |
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Blood Levels |
111 |
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Side Effects |
116 |
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Overdose |
119 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
119 |
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Discontinuation |
121 |
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Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors |
123 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
123 |
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Indications |
126 |
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Side Effects |
126 |
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Overdose |
129 |
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Drug Interactions |
129 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
131 |
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Discontinuation |
132 |
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Selective and
Reversible Monoamine Oxidase
Inhibitors |
133 |
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Norepinephrine Reuptake
Inhibitors: Reboxetine
and Atomoxetine |
137 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
138 |
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Indications |
138 |
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Side Effects |
139 |
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Overdose |
140 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
140 |
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Drug Interactions |
141 |
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Discontinuation |
141 |
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Melatonin
Agonist-5-HT2C Antagonist |
141 |
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Gepirone |
142 |
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Novel Antidepressants |
143 |
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Bibliography |
146 |
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4 |
Antipsychotic
Drugs |
169 |
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General Principles
of Antipsychotic Use |
173 |
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The Drugs |
173 |
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Efficacy |
181 |
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Acute Antipsychotic
Treatment |
184 |
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Early Intervention
in First-Episode Psychosis |
187 |
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Inpatient Treatment |
189 |
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Maintenance Drug
Therapy |
192 |
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Use in Other
Psychiatric Disorders |
196 |
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Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics |
205 |
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Clozapine |
205 |
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Risperidone |
216 |
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Paliperidone |
219 |
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Iloperidone |
220 |
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Olanzapine |
221 |
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Quetiapine |
226 |
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Ziprasidone |
229 |
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Aripiprazole |
231 |
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First-Generation
(Typical) Antipsychotics |
233 |
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Side Effects |
235 |
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Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics |
251 |
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Adjunctive Treatment
of Negative and Cognitive Symptoms |
253 |
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Alternatives to
Antipsychotic Therapy |
256 |
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Antipsychotic Drugs
in Development |
258 |
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Bibliography |
260 |
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5 |
Mood Stabilizers |
281 |
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General Treatment Approaches |
283 |
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Acute Mania |
283 |
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Acute Bipolar
Depression |
287 |
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Maintenance Therapy |
289 |
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Rapid-Cycling
Bipolar Disorder |
290 |
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Mixed States |
292 |
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Lithium |
293 |
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History and
Indications |
293 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
295 |
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Clinical Indications |
296 |
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Side Effects |
303 |
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Preparations |
310 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
311 |
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Use in Pregnancy |
313 |
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314 |
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Anticonvulsants |
314 |
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Valproate |
315 |
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Carbamazepine |
329 |
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Lamotrigine |
336 |
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Other Anticonvulsants |
340 |
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Antipsychotics |
352 |
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Benzodiazepines |
354 |
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Calcium Channel
Blockers |
355 |
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids |
356 |
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Bibliography |
358 |
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6 |
Antianxiety Agents |
375 |
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Benzodiazepines |
378 |
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Indications |
378 |
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Pharmacological
Effects |
380 |
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Subclasses |
381 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
386 |
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Withdrawal |
391 |
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Side Effects |
393 |
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Overdose |
394 |
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Antidepressants |
394 |
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Agoraphobia and Panic |
394 |
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Generalized Anxiety
Disorder |
396 |
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Social Anxiety
Disorder |
396 |
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Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder |
398 |
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Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder |
402 |
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Anticonvulsants |
405 |
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Antipsychotics |
407 |
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Noradrenergic Agents |
407 |
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Clinical Indications |
408 |
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Dosage and
Administration |
409 |
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Side Effects |
410 |
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Antihistamines |
411 |
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Buspirone |
411 |
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Barbiturates |
414 |
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Catatonia |
419 |
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Meprobamate |
421 |
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Bibliography |
423 |
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7 |
Hypnotics |
431 |
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Insomnia |
431 |
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Behavioral Approaches |
437 |
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Pharmacological
Approaches |
438 |
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Benzodiazepine Hypnotics |
440 |
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Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics |
446 |
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Melatonin Receptor
Agonist: Ramelteon |
448 |
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Sedative Antihistamines and Other Nonbenzodiazepine Psychoactive Drugs with Hypnotic
Properties |
449 |
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Barbiturates |
452 |
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Nonbarbiturate Hypnotics |
454 |
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Methaqualone |
456 |
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Over-the-Counter Sleeping Agents |
457 |
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L-Tryptophan |
457 |
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Melatonin |
459 |
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Valerian Extract |
459 |
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General Conclusions |
460 |
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Bibliography |
462 |
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8 |
Stimulants
and Other Fast-Acting Drugs |
467 |
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Amphetamine Abuse |
473 |
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Uses of Stimulants |
474 |
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder |
474 |
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Depression |
477 |
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Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
481 |
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Other Medical
Conditions |
482 |
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Drug Combinations |
482 |
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Psychosis |
483 |
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Stimulant Use versus Abuse |
484 |
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Atomoxetine |
485 |
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Guanfacine |
486 |
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Other Fast-Acting Drugs |
487 |
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Bibliography |
489 |
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9 |
Augmentation
Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Disorders |
495 |
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Augmentation
Strategies for Depression |
496 |
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Lithium-Antidepressant
Combinations |
496 |
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Thyroid
Supplement-Antidepressant Combinations |
500 |
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Estrogen, DHEA, and
Testosterone Combinations with Antidepressants |
503 |
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Dopamine
Agonist-Antidepressant Combinations |
505 |
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Monoamine
Precursor-Antidepressant Combinations |
507 |
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SSRI Combinations |
507 |
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Antipsychotic-Antidepressant
Combinations |
512 |
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Other TCA
Combinations |
514 |
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Augmentation/Combination Strategies for Bipolar Disorder |
516 |
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Combinations of Two
or More Mood Stabilizers |
516 |
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Mood
Stabilizer—Antipsychotic Combinations |
518 |
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Mood
Stabilizer-Antidepressant Combinations |
520 |
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Mood Stabilizers and
Omega-3 Fatty Acids |
521 |
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Augmentation Strategies for Schizophrenia |
522 |
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Combinations of Two Antipsychotics |
522 |
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Combinations of
Antidepressants and Antipsychotics |
524 |
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Combinations of Mood
Stabilizers and Antipsychotics |
525 |
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Other Augmentation
Strategies |
526 |
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Bibliography |
528 |
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10 |
Emergency
Department Treatment |
545 |
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Agitation and
Violence |
546 |
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Depression and Suicidality |
551 |
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Acute Psychotic
Episodes |
555 |
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Mixed Psychotic
Features |
555 |
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Schizophrenic, Schizophreniform, and Manic
Psychoses |
556 |
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Delirium |
558 |
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Severe Anxiety |
559 |
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Stupor and Catatonia |
560 |
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Emergency Department
Referrals |
561 |
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Bibliography |
562 |
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11 |
Pharmacotherapy
for Substance Use Disorders |
565 |
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Drug Testing |
567 |
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Stimulants |
568 |
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Opiates |
570 |
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Detoxification |
570 |
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Maintenance |
572 |
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Sedatives and Hypnotics |
576 |
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Detoxification |
576 |
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Benzodiazepines |
577 |
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Alcohol |
580 |
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Maintenance Treatment |
582 |
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Cannabis |
587 |
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Hallucinogens |
587 |
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Phencydidine |
588 |
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Bibliography |
589 |
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12 |
Pharmacotherapy
in Special Situations |
595 |
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Pregnancy |
595 |
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Pediatric
Psychopharmacology |
603 |
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Stimulants |
604 |
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Antipsychotics |
608 |
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Antidepressants |
612 |
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Mood Stabilizers |
616 |
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Antianxiety Drugs |
617 |
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Geriatric Psychopharmacology |
619 |
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Antidepressants |
620 |
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Hypnotics and Anxiolytics |
622 |
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Mood Stabilizers |
623 |
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Antipsychotics |
624 |
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Medications for
Dementia |
625 |
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Medications for
Agitation |
630 |
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Mental Retardation (Intellectual Disability) |
632 |
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Medical Conditions |
634 |
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Psychiatric
Disorders Resulting from Medical Illness |
635 |
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Psychiatric
Disorders Associated with Nonpsychiatric
Drugs |
638 |
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Psychiatric
Disorders Complicated by Medical Disorders |
638 |
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Conclusion |
648 |
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Bibliography |
649 |
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Appendix A |
Strengths
and Costs of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs |
669 |
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Appendix B |
Suggested |
673 |
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Index |
677 |
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