Contributors

xv

Disclosure of Competing Interests

xviii

Foreword   Minn K. Dulcan, M.D.

xxi

Preface   Molly McVoy, M.D., and Robert L Finding, M.D., M.B.A.

xxiii

Acknowledgments

xxv

1

Developmental Aspects of Pediatric Psychopharmacology   Benedetto Vitiello, M.D.

1

Pharmacokinetics

2

Pharmacodynamics

10

Efficacy

11

Safety

14

Ethical Aspects

18

Regulatory Aspects

20

Conclusions

21

Clinical Pearls

23

References

24

2

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder   Jonathan Posner, M.D., and Laurence Greenhill, M.D.

31

Diagnosis of ADHD

32

Treatment of ADHD

38

Monitoring Treatment

75

Choice of Medication

77

Conclusions

78

Clinical Pearls

79

References

80

3

Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Aggression   Solomon G. Zaraa, D.O., Natoshia Raishevich Cunningham, Ph.D., Elizabeth Pappadopulos, Ph.D., and Peter S. Jensen, M.D.

97

Epidemiology

99

Differential Diagnosis

101

Course and Outcome

101

Rationale and Justification for Psychopharmacological Treatment

104

Issues in Study Design and Interpretation

105

Atypical Antipsychotics: Review of Treatment Studies

106

Typical Antipsychotics: Review of Treatment Studies

118

Stimulants: Review of Treatment Studies

119

Mood Stabilizers: Review of Treatment Studies

122

Other Agents

125

Safety Issues

127

Practical Management Strategies

130

Conclusions

134

Clinical Pearls

135

References

135

4

Anxiety Disorders   Moira A. Rynn, M.D., Olga Jablonka, B.A., LourivalBaptista Neto, M.D., and Pablo H. Goldberg, M.D.

147

Epidemiology

148

Course and Outcome

149

Rationale and Justification for Psychopharmacological Treatment

151

Medications for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Review of Treatment Studies

151

Safety Issues

176

Practical Management Strategies

178

Conclusions

181

Clinical Pearls

182

References

182

5

Major Depressive Disorder   Boris Birmaher, M.D.

191

Assessment of Treatment Response

192

Treatment Phases

192

Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Other Novel Antidepressants

193

Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Subtypes

205

Treatment of Comorbid Conditions and Suicidality

211

Continuation Therapy

212

Maintenance Therapy

213

Clinical Pearls

216

References

277

6

Bipolar Disorders   Tiffany Thomas, M.D., Kevin W. Kuich, M.D., and Robert L. Findling, M.D., M.B.A.

227

Lithium

228

Anticonvulsants

234

Atypical Antipsychotics

244

Maintenance Therapy

256

Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Depression

258

Combination Pharmacotherapy

259

Conclusions

260

Clinical Pearls

261

References

262