Table
of Contents
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1 |
The Nursing Assistant in Long-Term
Care |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
1 |
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2 |
Describe healthcare settings |
3 |
|
3 |
Explain Medicare and Medicaid |
5 |
|
4 |
Describe the residents for whom you
will care |
6 |
|
5 |
Describe the nursing assistant’s role |
7 |
|
6 |
Discuss professionalism and list
examples of professional behavior |
7 |
|
7 |
List qualities that nursing assistants
must have |
8 |
|
8 |
Discuss proper grooming guidelines |
9 |
|
9 |
Define the role of each member of the
care team |
10 |
|
10 |
Discuss the facility chain of command |
12 |
|
11 |
Explain “The Five Rights of Delegation” |
13 |
|
12 |
Describe four methods of nursing care |
13 |
|
13 |
Explain policy and procedure manuals |
14 |
|
14 |
Describe the long-term care survey
process |
14 |
|
2 |
Ethical and Legal Issues |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
16 |
|
2 |
Define the terms “law,” “ethics,” and “etiquette” |
18 |
|
3 |
Discuss examples of ethical and professional
behavior |
18 |
|
4 |
Describe a nursing assistant code of
ethics |
20 |
|
5 |
Explain the Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act (OBRA) |
20 |
|
6 |
Explain Residents’ Rights |
21 |
|
7 |
Explain types of abuse and neglect |
23 |
|
8 |
Recognize signs and symptoms of abuse
and neglect |
25 |
|
9 |
Describe the steps taken if a nursing
assistant is suspected of abuse |
26 |
|
10 |
Discuss the ombudsman’s role |
27 |
|
11 |
Explain HIPAA and related terms |
27 |
|
12 |
Discuss the Patient Self-Determination
Act (PSDA) and advance directives |
29 |
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3 |
Communication Skills |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
31 |
|
2 |
Explain types of communication |
32 |
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3 |
Explain barriers to communication |
34 |
|
4 |
List ways that cultures impact
communication |
35 |
|
5 |
Identify the people you will
communicate with in a facility |
36 |
|
6 |
Understand basic medical terminology
and abbreviations |
37 |
|
7 |
Explain how to convert regular time to
military time |
38 |
|
8 |
Describe a standard resident chart |
39 |
|
9 |
Explain guidelines for documentation |
39 |
|
10 |
Describe the use of computers in documentation |
40 |
|
11 |
Explain the Minimum Data Set (MDS) |
41 |
|
12 |
Describe how to observe and report
accurately |
41 |
|
13 |
Explain the nursing process |
43 |
|
14 |
Discuss the nursing assistant’s role
in care planning and at care conferences |
44 |
|
15 |
Describe incident reporting and
recording |
44 |
|
16 |
Explain proper telephone etiquette |
45 |
|
17 |
Describe the resident call system |
45 |
|
18 |
Describe the nursing assistant’s role
in change-of-shift reports and “rounds” |
46 |
|
19 |
List the information found on an assignment
sheet |
47 |
|
20 |
Discuss how to organize your work and manage time |
47 |
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4 |
Communication Challenges |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
50 |
|
2 |
Identify communication guidelines for
visual impairment |
50 |
|
3 |
Identify communication guidelines for hearing
impairment |
52 |
|
4 |
Explain defense mechanisms as methods
of coping with stress |
53 |
|
5 |
List communication guidelines for
anxiety or fear |
53 |
|
6 |
Discuss communication guidelines for depression |
53 |
|
7 |
Identify communication guidelines for
anger |
54 |
|
8 |
Identify communication guidelines for combative
behavior |
55 |
|
9 |
Identify communication guidelines for inappropriate
sexual behavior |
56 |
|
10 |
Identify communication guidelines for disorientation
and confusion |
56 |
|
11 |
Identify communication guidelines for
the comatose resident |
58 |
|
12 |
Identify communication guidelines for functional
barriers |
58 |
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5 |
Diversity and Human Needs and Development |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
61 |
|
2 |
Explain health and wellness |
62 |
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3 |
Explain the importance of holistic
health care |
62 |
|
4 |
Identify basic human needs and discuss
Maslow’s “Hierarchy of Needs” |
62 |
|
5 |
Identify ways to accommodate cultural differences |
64 |
|
6 |
Discuss the role of the family in
health care |
65 |
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7 |
Explain how to meet emotional needs of
residents and their families |
66 |
|
8 |
Explain ways to help residents with
their spiritual needs |
67 |
|
9 |
Identify ways to accommodate sexual
needs |
69 |
|
10 |
Describe the stages of human growth
and development |
70 |
|
11 |
Discuss stereotypes of the elderly |
73 |
|
12 |
Discuss developmental disabilities |
74 |
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6 |
Infection
Prevention |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
77 |
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2 |
Define “infection prevention” and
discuss types of infections |
79 |
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3 |
Discuss terms related to infection
prevention |
81 |
|
4 |
Describe the chain of infection |
82 |
|
5 |
Explain why the elderly are at a
higher risk for infection |
84 |
|
6 |
Describe Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) and explain Standard Precautions |
85 |
|
7 |
Define “hand hygiene” and identify
when to wash hands |
87 |
|
8 |
Discuss the use of personal protective
equipment (PPE) in facilities |
89 |
|
9 |
List guidelines for handling linen and
equipment |
94 |
|
10 |
Explain how to handle spills |
94 |
|
11 |
Discuss Transmission-Based Precautions |
95 |
|
12 |
Describe care of the resident in an
isolation unit |
97 |
|
13 |
Explain OSHA’s
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard |
98 |
|
14 |
Discuss two important bloodborne diseases |
100 |
|
15 |
Discuss MRSA, VRE, and C. Difficile |
101 |
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7 |
Safety and Body Mechanics |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
105 |
|
2 |
List common accidents in facilities
and ways to prevent them |
106 |
|
3 |
Explain the Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) |
110 |
|
4 |
Describe safety guidelines for sharps
and biohazard containers |
111 |
|
5 |
Explain the principles of body
mechanics and apply them to daily activities |
111 |
|
6 |
Define two types of restraints and
discuss problems associated with restraints |
113 |
|
7 |
Define the terms “restraint free” and
“restraint alternatives” and list examples of restraint alternatives |
114 |
|
8 |
Identify what must be done if a
restraint is ordered |
115 |
|
9 |
List safety guidelines for oxygen use |
117 |
|
10 |
Identify safety guidelines for
intravenous (IV) lines |
118 |
|
11 |
Discuss fire safety and explain the “RACE”
and “PASS” acronyms |
119 |
|
12 |
List general safety steps to protect
yourself and
residents in a facility |
120 |
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8 |
Emergency Care, First Aid, and Disasters |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
122 |
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2 |
Demonstrate how to respond to medical emergencies |
123 |
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3 |
Demonstrate knowledge of first aid
procedures |
124 |
|
4 |
Explain the nursing assistant’s role
on a code team |
133 |
|
5 |
Describe guidelines for responding to
disasters |
134 |
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9 |
Admission, Transfer, Discharge, and
Physical Exams |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
136 |
|
2 |
List factors for families in choosing
a facility |
136 |
|
3 |
Explain the nursing assistant’s role
in the emotional adjustment of a new resident |
137 |
|
4 |
Describe the nursing assistant’s role
in the admission process |
139 |
|
5 |
Explain the nursing assistant’s role
during an in-house transfer of a resident |
146 |
|
6 |
Explain the nursing assistant’s role
in the discharge of a resident |
146 |
|
7 |
Describe the nursing assistant’s role
during physical exams |
148 |
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10 |
Bedmaking and Unit
Care |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
151 |
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2 |
Discuss the importance of sleep |
151 |
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3 |
Describe types of sleep disorders |
152 |
|
4 |
Identify factors affecting sleep |
152 |
|
5 |
Describe a standard resident unit and equipment |
155 |
|
6 |
Explain how to clean a resident unit
and equipment |
156 |
|
7 |
Discuss types of beds and demonstrate proper
bedmaking |
157 |
|
17 |
Positioning, Moving, and Lifting |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
166 |
|
2 |
Explain body alignment and review the principles
of body mechanics |
167 |
|
3 |
Explain why position changes are
important for bedbound residents and describe basic
body positions |
168 |
|
4 |
Describe how to safely transfer
residents |
178 |
|
5 |
Discuss ambulation |
188 |
|
12 |
Personal Care |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
191 |
|
2 |
Explain personal care of residents |
191 |
|
3 |
Describe different types of baths and list
observations to make about the skin during bathing |
193 |
|
4 |
Explain safety guidelines for bathing |
195 |
|
5 |
List the order in which body parts are
washed during bathing |
195 |
|
6 |
Explain how to assist with bathing |
196 |
|
7 |
Describe how to perform a back rub |
203 |
|
8 |
Explain guidelines for performing good
oral care |
204 |
|
9 |
Define “dentures” and explain care
guidelines |
207 |
|
10 |
Discuss guidelines for performing oral care for an unconscious resident |
209 |
|
11 |
Explain how to assist with grooming |
210 |
|
13 |
Vital Signs |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
220 |
|
2 |
Discuss the relationship of vital
signs to health and well-being |
221 |
|
3 |
Identify factors that affect body
temperature |
222 |
|
4 |
List guidelines for taking body
temperature |
223 |
|
5 |
Explain pulse and respirations |
230 |
|
6 |
List guidelines for taking pulse and
respirations |
231 |
|
7 |
Identify factors that affect blood
pressure |
234 |
|
8 |
List guidelines for taking blood
pressure |
235 |
|
9 |
Describe guidelines for pain
management |
239 |
|
14 |
Nutrition
and Fluid Balance |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
242 |
|
2 |
Describe common nutritional problems
of the elderly and the chronically ill |
243 |
|
3 |
Describe cultural factors that
influence food preferences |
243 |
|
4 |
Identify six basic nutrients |
244 |
|
5 |
Explain the USDA’s MyPlate |
245 |
|
6 |
Explain the role of the dietary
department |
248 |
|
7 |
Explain the importance of following
diet orders and identify special diets |
248 |
|
8 |
Explain thickened liquids and identify three basic thickening consistencies |
252 |
|
9 |
List ways to identify and prevent
unintended Weight loss |
252 |
|
10 |
Describe how to make dining enjoyable for residents |
254 |
|
11 |
Describe how to serve meal trays and assist with eating |
255 |
|
12 |
Describe how to assist residents with Special needs |
259 |
|
13 |
Discuss dysphagia
and list guidelines for preventing aspiration |
261 |
|
14 |
Describe intake and output (I&O) |
263 |
|
15 |
List ways to identify and prevent
dehydration |
265 |
|
16 |
List signs and symptoms of fluid
overload and describe conditions that may require fluid restrictions |
267 |
|
15 |
The
Gastrointestinal System |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
270 |
|
2 |
Explain key terms related to the body |
272 |
|
3 |
Explain the structure and function of
the gastrointestinal system |
272 |
|
4 |
Discuss changes in the
gastrointestinal system due to aging |
274 |
|
5 |
List normal qualities of stool and
identify signs and
symptoms to report about stool |
274 |
|
6 |
List factors affecting bowel
elimination and describe how to promote normal bowel elimination |
274 |
|
7 |
Discuss common disorders of the gastrointestinal
system |
280 |
|
8 |
Discuss how enemas are given |
283 |
|
9 |
Demonstrate how to collect a stool
specimen |
288 |
|
10 |
Explain occult blood testing |
289 |
|
11 |
Define the term “ostomy”
and identify the difference between colostomy and ileostomy |
290 |
|
12 |
Explain guidelines for assisting with bowel
retraining |
292 |
|
16 |
The Urinary
System |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
295 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the urinary system |
296 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the urinary system due to aging |
297 |
|
4 |
List normal qualities of urine and
identify signs and
symptoms to report about urine |
297 |
|
5 |
List factors affecting urination and describe how to promote normal urination |
298 |
|
6 |
Discuss common disorders of the urinary system |
299 |
|
7 |
Discuss reasons for incontinence |
301 |
|
8 |
Describe catheters and related care |
302 |
|
9 |
Explain how to collect different types
of urine specimens |
307 |
|
10 |
Explain types of tests that are
performed an urine |
311 |
|
11 |
Explain guidelines for assisting with bladder retraining |
312 |
|
17 |
The Reproductive System |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
315 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the reproductive system |
316 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the reproductive system
due to aging |
317 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the reproductive system |
318 |
|
5 |
Describe sexual needs of the elderly |
320 |
|
6 |
Describe vaginal irrigation |
322 |
|
18 |
The Integumentary System |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
325 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the integumentary system |
326 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the integumentary system
due to aging |
327 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the integumentary
system |
328 |
|
5 |
Discuss pressure ulcers and identify guidelines
for preventing pressure ulcers |
332 |
|
6 |
Explain the benefits of warm and cold applications |
335 |
|
7 |
Discuss non-sterile and sterile
dressings |
340 |
|
19 |
The Circulatory or Cardiovascular
System |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
344 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the circulatory system |
345 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the circulatory
system due to aging |
347 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the circulatory system |
347 |
|
20 |
The Respiratory System |
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1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
356 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the respiratory system |
357 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the respiratory
system due to aging |
358 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the respiratory system |
358 |
|
5 |
Describe oxygen delivery |
362 |
|
6 |
Describe how to collect a sputum
specimen |
364 |
|
7 |
Describe the benefits of deep
breathing exercises |
365 |
|
21 |
The Musculoskeletal System |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
367 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the musculoskeletal system |
368 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the musculoskeletal
system due to aging |
370 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the musculoskeletal
system |
370 |
|
5 |
Describe elastic bandages |
380 |
|
22 |
The Nervous System |
|
|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
383 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the nervous system |
385 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the nervous system
due to aging |
388 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the
nervous system |
389 |
|
5 |
Discuss dementia and related terms |
400 |
|
6 |
Discuss Alzheimer’s disease and
identify its stages |
401 |
|
7 |
List strategies for better
communication with
residents with Alzheimer’s disease |
403 |
|
8 |
Identify personal attitudes helpful in
caring for
residents with Alzheimer’s disease |
405 |
|
9 |
Describe guidelines for problems with common activities of daily living (ADLs) |
407 |
|
10 |
Describe interventions for common
difficult behaviors related to Alzheimer’s disease |
410 |
|
11 |
Discuss ways to provide activities for
residents with Alzheimer’s disease |
414 |
|
12 |
Describe therapies for residents with Alzheimer’s
disease |
415 |
|
13 |
Discuss mental health, mental illness,
and related disorders |
416 |
|
14 |
Discuss substance abuse and list signs
of substance abuse to report |
418 |
|
23 |
The Endocrine System |
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|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
421 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the endocrine system |
421 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the endocrine
system due to aging |
422 |
|
4 |
Discuss common disorders of the endocrine system |
423 |
|
5 |
Describe care guidelines for diabetes |
425 |
|
6 |
Discuss foot care guidelines for
diabetes |
427 |
|
24 |
The Immune and Lymphatic Systems and
Cancer |
|
|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
429 |
|
2 |
Explain the structure and function of
the immune and lymphatic systems |
430 |
|
3 |
Discuss changes in the immune and lymphatic systems due to aging |
431 |
|
4 |
Describe a common disorder of the immune system |
431 |
|
5 |
Discuss infection prevention
guidelines for president with HIV/AIDS |
434 |
|
6 |
Discuss care guidelines for a resident
with HIV/AIDS |
435 |
|
7 |
Describe cancer |
437 |
|
8 |
Discuss care guidelines for a resident
with cancer |
439 |
|
25 |
Rehabilitation and Restorative Care |
|
|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
442 |
|
2 |
Discuss rehabilitation and restorative
care |
443 |
|
3 |
Describe the importance of promoting independence |
445 |
|
4 |
Explain the complications of
immobility and describe how exercise helps maintain health |
445 |
|
5 |
Describe canes, walkers, and crutches |
446 |
|
6 |
Discuss other assistive devices and orthotics |
448 |
|
7 |
Discuss range of motion exercises |
450 |
|
26 |
Subacute Care |
|
|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
457 |
|
2 |
Discuss the types of residents who are
in a subacute setting |
457 |
|
3 |
List care guidelines for pulse oximetry |
458 |
|
4 |
Describe telemetry and list care
guidelines |
459 |
|
5 |
Explain artificial airways and list
care guidelines |
460 |
|
6 |
Discuss care for a resident with a tracheostomy |
461 |
|
7 |
Describe mechanical ventilation and
explain care guidelines |
462 |
|
8 |
Describe suctioning and list signs of respiratory distress |
463 |
|
9 |
Describe chest tubes and explain
related care |
464 |
|
10 |
Describe alternative feeding methods
and related care |
465 |
|
11 |
Discuss care guidelines for dialysis |
467 |
|
27 |
End-of-Life Care |
|
|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
469 |
|
2 |
Describe palliative care |
470 |
|
3 |
Discuss hospice care |
470 |
|
4 |
Discuss the grief process and related
terms |
471 |
|
5 |
Explain the dying person’s rights |
472 |
|
6 |
Explain how to care for a dying
resident |
473 |
|
7 |
Discuss factors that influence
feelings about death and list ways to meet residents’ individual needs |
474 |
|
8 |
Identify common signs of approaching
death |
476 |
|
9 |
List changes that may occur in the
human body after death |
476 |
|
10 |
Describe ways to help family and
friends deal with a
resident’s death |
477 |
|
11 |
Describe ways to help staff members
cope with a resident’s death |
478 |
|
12 |
Describe postmortem care |
478 |
|
28 |
Your New Position |
|
|
1 |
Define important words in this chapter |
481 |
|
2 |
Describe how to write a resume and cover
letter |
481 |
|
3 |
Identify information that may be
required for filling
out a job application |
482 |
|
4 |
Discuss proper grooming guidelines for a job interview |
486 |
|
5 |
List techniques for interviewing
successfully |
486 |
|
6 |
Describe a standard job description
and list steps for following the scope of practice |
487 |
|
7 |
Identify guidelines for maintaining certification and explain the state’s
registry |
488 |
|
8 |
Describe continuing education for nursing assistants |
489 |
|
9 |
Describe employee evaluations and discuss criticism |
489 |
|
10 |
Discuss conflict resolution |
490 |
|
11 |
Define “stress” and explain ways to manage
stress |
491 |
|
12 |
Describe how to be a valued member of
the healthcare community |
492 |
|
|
Abbreviations |
494 |
|
|
Appendix |
496 |
|
|
Glossary |
501 |
|
|
Index |
523 |
|
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|
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