SECTION A

SUCCESSFUL TECHNIQUES FOR PREPARING FOR THE EXAM

1

Chapter 1

A User’s Guide to Laughing Your Way to Passing the Pediatric Boards

3

Creating a Bell from the few, the Proud, the Murines

3

Organizing and Scheduling Your Study

5

How to Use this Book

5

Guideposts along the Way

5

Chapter 2

What, Me Worry? Proven Strategies for Reducing Test Anxiety

9

Anxious Over being Anxious

9

The Day before the Exam

11

The Day of the Exam

11

Arriving at the Room

12

Summary

14

Chapter 3

Time in a Bottle: Proven Strategies for Efficient Studying (For those with a Life)

15

Sprint VS. Marathon Running

16

Setting Up Mini Deadlines : Artificial Intensity

16

The 80/20 Rule

18

Chapter 4

Games Boards Play: Seeing the Answers in the Questions and Other Successful Test Taking Techniques

19

Arriving at the Exam

20

Easy to Forget the Basics, But Don’t

21

Finish Line

24

Clinical Case Scenarios/ Vignettes

27

8 Simple Steps for Each Question (How to Approach a Lion... Very Carefully)

28

Final Word

30

SECTION B

PEARLS AND PERILS: SPECIFIC CORE FACTS AND DETAILS

31

Chapter 5

Biostatistics (& Other Number Games) and Ethical-Legal Issues

33

Studying Studies

38

Ethical Considerations

39

Ethics of Genetic Studies and Screening

41

Failure to Seek Medical Care and Abuse/Neglect Parameters

41

Chapter 6

Growth and Development

43

Physiologic Growth

43

Intelligence and Learning

48

Intelligence Screening

52

Normal Developmental Milestones

53

Developmental Milestone Mnemonics

57

Chapter 7

Nutrition

65

Fat Soluble Vitamins

65

Water Soluble Vitamins

66

Vitamin Deficiencies and Toxicities

66

Nutritional Needs

73

Nutritional Deficiencies

78

Nutritional Needs of the Premature

80

Nutrition and Weight

86

Chapter 8

Preventive Pediatrics

95

Lead Exposure

95

Vaccines

96

Getting through the Screen Door

114

Ounce of Prevention: When is Prophylactic Treatment Necessary?

122

Injury and Illness Prevention

123

Preparing Families for International Adoption

127

Cigarette Cessation in Adolescents

127

First Aid Considerations

128

Chapter 9

Poisons and Environmental Toxins

129

Procedures and Acute Management

129

Toxidromes

132

PCP

137

The Masquerade Party of Toxicology: Managing Unknown and Multiple Agents

146

Bio Terrorism

149

Chapter 10

Born Yesterday: Fetus and Newborn

151

Apnea

151

Assessing Comatose and Lethargic Infants without Becoming Lethargic

153

Antenatal Screening

154

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

155

Sepsis

158

Birth Trauma

161

Facts and Definitions to Watch Out For

164

Lytes and Bytes, Sweets and Treats

170

Metabolic Issues of the Newborn

174

Chapter 11

Fluids and Lytes, and Everything Nice

187

Acid Base Metabolism

187

Fall into the Gap

190

Renal Tubular Acidosis

191

Sold on Sodium

194

Potassium

201

Degree of Dehydration

209

Fluids and Lytes in Specific Clinical Conditions

212

Chapter 12

Genetics: Everyone into the (Gene) Pool

217

Chromosomes and Genetics

217

Teratogens

233

Malformations

23 5

Celebrity Dysmorphology

239

Chapter 13

Allergy and Immunology

245

Prevention

245

Specific Allergic Conditions

246

Allergic Reactions

252

Immunodeficiencies

254

Testing the Immune System

262

Peritonitis

271

Chapter 14

You give me Fever: Infectious Diseases

265

Bacterial Infections

265

Opportunistic Infections

273

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

294

Antibiotic Antics

297

Viral Infections

302

Influenza

316

Parasitic Infections

318

Fungal Infections

322

Modes of Transmission

326

Chapter 15

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

329

Approaching Inborn Errors of Metabolism

329

Metabolic Disorders Presenting with Acidosis

330

Defects in Fatty Acid Metabolism

332

Urea Cycle Defects

333

Hypoglycemia in Infants

333

Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

333

Inborn Errors of Metabolism that Defy Categorization

337

Amino Acid Metabolic Disorders

339

Mucopolysaccharidoses

342

Purine and Pyrimidine Disorders

343

Glycogen Storage Diseases

344

Lipoprotein Disorders

345

Lysosomal Disorders

347

Lipid Storage Diseases (Sphingolipidoses)

347

Vitamin Therapy that Works

350

Chapter 16

Is that an Orchidometer in Your Pocket?: Endocrinology

353

Sexual Differentiation

353

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

358

Cushing Syndrome

362

Short Stature

362

Tall Stature

367

Thyroid Disorders

368

Diabetes Mellitus

372

Metabolic Syndrome

376

Calcium Metabolism

376

Chapter 17

GI: What to Know!

387

GI

387

Acute Abdominal Pain

387

Recurrent or Chronic Abdominal Pain

390

Diarrhea

394

Vomiting

403

Going from Top to Bottom

412

Constipation

423

GI Bleeding

424

A Liver Runs through It/Liver Diseases

426

Pancreas

428

Bad Gall Bladder

429

The Alphabet Soup of Hepatitis

431

Chapter 18

Catching Your Breath: Pulmonary

435

Asthma

435

Calling All Coughs (Chronic)

445

Hypercarbia vs. Hypoxia

449

Newborn Pulmonary Disorders

449

Managing Tuberculosis

458

Managing Chest Wall Trauma

460

ARDS

461

Drowning

461

Hemoptysis

462

Pneumonia

463

Chapter 19

Don’t Go Breaking My Heart: Cardiology

467

Congestive Heart Failure

467

Congenital Heart Disease

468

I Say Murmur, You Say Mummur

483

EKG Findings and the Disorders that Love Them

486

Chapter 20

Heme One

493

Oncology

493

Oncologic Emergencies

503

Side Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents

504

Disorders of Red Cells

506

Abnormal White Cells

523

Platelet Abnormalities

529

Chapter 21

Renal

537

Microscopic Hematuria

537

Proteinuria

542

Renal Dysplasia

544

Collecting System Pathology

546

Infections (UTI)

548

Nephrotic Syndrome

550

Specific Nephropathies/Nephritides

551

Hypertension

558

Dysuria

561

Urinary Frequency and Incontinence

562

Neonatal Renal Numbers

563

Nephrotoxic Medications

564

Chapter 22

Genital-Urinary

565

GU Conditions / Infants

565

Vaginal Conditions

567

Male Conditions

570

Dermatological GU Disorders

576

Abdominal Pain

579

Chapter 23

The Neuro Bureau: Neurology

583

Encephalitis

583

What a Headache

584

California, Oregon and Other Altered States of Consciousness

587

Ataxia Attackia

589

Strange Movements (In D Minor)

591

Tips on Tics

594

Space Occupying Cns Lesions and Other Anatomical Problems

596

Muscle Weakness and Hypotonia

599

Spinal Neurology

606

Hail Seizure

609

Adrenoleukodystrophy

619

Cerebral Palsy

619

Cerebrovascular Accident

621

Neurodiagnostic Testing

622

Vertigo

622

Chapter 24

Musculoskeletal

623

Defining Orthopedics

623

Sprains, Strains, and Pains

624

Specific Orthopedic Conditions

624

Chapter 25

Skin Deep: Dermatology

649

Puffing Up: Neonatal Pustular Lesions

649

Dry Scaly Skin

652

Infectious Rashes

659

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (And Other Skin Disorders that can “Burn” You)

659

Pests of Life (Scabies, Lice and Other Creatures)

663

Acne Vulgaris

668

Alopecia Hairpecia

673

Pigmented Lesions

675

Neurocutaneous Syndromes

676

Sun, Skin, and Melanoma

681

Erythema Confusiosum

681

Chapter 26

Rheumatology: Rheum with a View

683

Specific Conditions

683

Synovial Fluid

709

Chapter 27

The Eyes have It

711

The Rhythm of Nystagmus

711

Pseudostrabismus and True Strabismus

711

Specific Conditions

712

Don’t Shoot if You See the Red in their Eyes

716

Papilledema, Papillitis and Picking Out the Differences

717

Keep Your Eyes on the Retina

717

Chapter 28

See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil: Ent

721

Ears

721

Know Your Nose/Rhinos

731

Throat

735

What About the Mouth?

740

Stridor Cider and Epiglottitis

742

Craning Your Neck

750

Chapter 29

Adolescent Medicine and Gynecology

755

Adolescent Physiologic Development

755

Tools of the Trade

761

Gynecology

762

Adolescent Behavioral Health

767

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

770

Abdominal Pain: Special Considerations in Adolescents

773

Chapter 30

Sports Injuries

777

Specific Injuries in the Athlete

778

Conclusions on Concussions

783

The Juice on Steroid Use

787

Sports, Fluids, and Electrolytes

788

The Growth of Growth Hormone

789

Wrestling with Weight Control in Athletes

789

Normal and Abnormal Cardiac Findings in the Athlete

790

The Diabetic Athlete

791

Chapter 31

Substance Abuse

793

How are High School Students Getting High?

793

Confidentiality

794

Anticipatory Guidance

795

Specific Drugs of Abuse

795

Chapter 32

Psychosocial Issues

807

Toddler and Preschool

807

Family and Environmental Issues

810

Conversion Disorder

812

Psychosomatic Illness

813

Somatizations of Stress

814

Organizing the Non-Organic

814

Recurrent Pain

815

Impact of TV and Other Media

815

Sleep Disorders

816

Chronic Illness and the Family

817

Extracurricular Activities and School Performance

818

Enabling Cain and Abel (Sibling Rivalry)

818

Sexual Orientation

818

International Adoption

819

Pediatricians’ Role with Children in Foster Care

820

Chapter 33

Critical Care

821

Impending System Failure

821

Conditions Requiring Life Support

824

The ABC’s of CPR

830

Chapter 34

ER

831

Codes Facts

831

Specific ER Situations

832

Risk Factors for Abuse and Neglect

843

Fractures

846

Electric Burns

851

Thermal Burns

851

Lacerations

852

Biological Chemical Weapons

855

Chapter 35

Pharmacology

857

Alternative Drugs and Herb Interactions

857

You Watch What You Eat

858

Dare Not Take Dairy

859

Drug Eat Drug World

859

How to be Cognizant of Conscious Sedation

863

Chapter 36

Behavior and Mental Health

865

Behavioral Concerns

865

Adolescent Parents

870

Mental Health Concerns

870

Distinguishing a Tic from a Toe

874

Bibliography

877

Index

881