Table
of Contents
|
|
|
|
Preface |
iii |
|
Acknowledgments |
iv |
1 |
Plasma Membrane |
1 |
I |
Overview—The Plasma Membrane (Plasmalemma; Cell Membrane) |
1 |
Ii |
Fluid
Mosaic Model of the Plasma Membrane |
1 |
Iii |
Plasma
Membrane Transport Processes |
4 |
Iv |
Cell-to-Cell
Communication |
7 |
V |
Plasmalemma-Cytoskeleton
Association |
9 |
|
Review Test |
11 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
13 |
2 |
Nucleus |
14 |
I |
Overview—The
Nucleus |
14 |
Ii |
Nuclear
Envelope |
14 |
Iii |
Nucleolus |
16 |
Iv |
Nucleoplasm |
17 |
V |
Chromatin |
17 |
Vi |
Chromosomes |
18 |
VII |
DNA |
19 |
Viii |
RNA |
20 |
IX |
Cell Cycle |
23 |
X |
Apoptosis
(Programmed Cell Death) |
26 |
Xi |
Meiosis |
26 |
|
Review Test |
29 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
31 |
3 |
Cytoplasm and Organelles |
32 |
I |
Overview—The
Cytoplasm |
32 |
Ii |
Structural
Components |
32 |
Iii |
Interactions
Among Organelles |
45 |
|
Review Test |
53 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
55 |
4 |
Extracellular Matrix |
56 |
I |
Overview—The
Extracellular Matrix |
56 |
Ii |
Ground
Substance |
56 |
Iii |
Fibers |
59 |
|
Review Test |
64 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
66 |
5 |
Epithelia and Glands |
67 |
I |
Overview—Epithelia |
67 |
Ii |
Lateral
Epithelial Surfaces |
69 |
Iii |
Basal
Epithelial Surfaces |
71 |
Iv |
Apical
Epithelial Surfaces |
72 |
V |
Glands |
73 |
|
Review Test |
76 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
78 |
6 |
Connective Tissue |
79 |
I |
Overview—Connective
Tissue |
79 |
Ii |
Extracellular Matrix |
79 |
Iii |
Connective
Tissue Cells |
80 |
Iv |
Classification
of Connective Tissue |
86 |
|
Review Test |
89 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
91 |
7 |
Cartilage and Bone |
92 |
I |
Overview—Cartilage |
92 |
II |
Bone |
95 |
Iii |
Joints |
105 |
|
Review Test |
106 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
108 |
8 |
Muscle |
109 |
I |
Overview—Muscle |
109 |
Ii |
Structure
of Skeletal Muscle |
109 |
Iii |
Contraction
of Skeletal Muscle |
114 |
Iv |
Innervation of Skeletal Muscle |
116 |
V |
Cardiac
Muscle |
117 |
Vi |
Smooth
Muscle |
120 |
VII |
Contractile
Nonmuscle Cells |
122 |
|
Review Test |
123 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
125 |
9 |
Nervous System |
126 |
I |
Overview—Nervous System |
126 |
Ii |
Histogenesis of the Nervous
System |
126 |
Iii |
Cells of
Nervous System |
127 |
Iv |
Synapses |
132 |
V |
Nerve Fibers |
134 |
Vi |
Nerves |
136 |
VII |
Ganglia |
137 |
Viii |
Histophysiology of Nervous System |
138 |
IX |
Somatic
Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
139 |
X |
CNS |
140 |
Xi |
Degeneration
and Regeneration of Nerve Tissue |
141 |
|
Review Test |
144 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
146 |
10 |
Blood and Hemopoiesis |
148 |
I |
Overview—Blood |
148 |
II |
Blood Constituents |
148 |
Iii |
Blood
Coagulation |
153 |
Iv |
Bone Marrow |
154 |
V |
Prenatal Hemopoiesis |
155 |
VI |
Postnatal Hemopoiesis |
155 |
VIi |
Hemopoietic Growth Factors (Colony-Stimulating Factors [CSFs]) |
159 |
|
Review Test |
160 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
162 |
11 |
Circulatory System |
163 |
I |
Overview—Blood
Vascular System |
163 |
Ii |
Overview—Lymphatic
Vascular System |
173 |
|
Review Test |
174 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
176 |
12 |
Lymphoid Tissue |
178 |
I |
Overview—The
Lymphoid (Immune) System |
178 |
Ii |
Cells of
the Immune System |
179 |
Iii |
Antigen
Presentation and the Role of MHC Molecules |
185 |
Iv |
Immunoglobulins |
186 |
V |
Diffuse
Lymphoid Tissue |
187 |
Vi |
Lymphoid Organs |
188 |
|
Review Test |
193 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
195 |
13 |
Endocrine System |
196 |
I |
Overview—The
Endocrine System |
196 |
Ii |
Hormones |
196 |
Iii |
Overview—Pituitary
Gland (Hypophysis) |
196 |
Iv |
Overview—Thyroid
Gland |
201 |
V |
Parathyroid
Glands |
206 |
Vi |
Overview—Adrenal
(Suprarenal) Glands |
207 |
VIi |
Pineal
Gland (Pineal Body, Epiphysis) |
211 |
|
Review Test |
212 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
214 |
14 |
Skin |
215 |
I |
Overview—The
Skin |
215 |
Ii |
Epidermis |
215 |
Iii |
Dermis |
220 |
Iv |
Glands in
the Skin |
220 |
V |
Hair
Follicle and Arrector Pili
Muscle |
222 |
VI |
Nails |
223 |
|
Review Test |
225 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
227 |
15 |
Respiratory System |
228 |
I |
Overview—The Respiratory System |
228 |
Ii |
Conducting
Portion of the Respiratory System |
228 |
Iii |
Overview—Respiratory
Portion of the Respiratory System |
233 |
Iv |
Lung Lobules |
239 |
V |
Pulmonary
Vascular Supply |
239 |
Vi |
Pulmonary Nerve Supply |
240 |
|
Review Test |
241 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
243 |
16 |
Digestive System: Oral Cavity
and Alimentary Tract |
244 |
I |
Overview—The
Digestive System |
244 |
Ii |
Oral Region |
244 |
Iii |
Divisions
of the Alimentary Canal |
248 |
Iv |
Digestion
and Absorption |
257 |
|
Review Test |
259 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
261 |
17 |
Digestive System: Glands |
262 |
I |
Overview—Extrinsic
Glands of the Digestive System |
262 |
Ii |
Major
Salivary Glands |
262 |
Iii |
Overview—Pancreas |
263 |
Iv |
Liver |
266 |
V |
Gallbladder |
270 |
|
Review Test |
272 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
274 |
18 |
The Urinary System |
275 |
I |
Overview—The
Urinary System |
275 |
Ii |
Kidneys |
275 |
Iii |
Uriniferous Tubules |
276 |
Iv |
Renal Blood
Circulation |
284 |
V |
Regulation
of Urine Concentration |
286 |
VI |
Excretory
Passages |
287 |
|
Review Test |
291 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
293 |
19 |
Female Reproductive System |
294 |
I |
Overview—Female
Reproductive System |
294 |
Ii |
Ovaries |
294 |
Iii |
Oviducts
(Fallopian Tubes) |
299 |
Iv |
Uterus |
300 |
V |
Cervix |
303 |
VI |
Fertilization
and Implantation |
303 |
VII |
Placenta |
304 |
Viii |
Vagina |
305 |
IX |
External
Genitalia (Vulva) |
305 |
X |
Mammary
Glands |
305 |
|
Review Test |
308 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
310 |
20 |
Male Reproductive System |
311 |
I |
Overview—Male
Reproductive System |
311 |
Ii |
Testes |
311 |
Iii |
Genital
Ducts |
318 |
Iv |
Accessory
Genital Glands |
320 |
V |
Penis |
322 |
|
Review Test |
323 |
|
Answers and
Explanations |
325 |
21 |
Special
Senses |
326 |
I |
Overview—Special
Sense Receptors |
326 |
Ii |
Specialized
Diffuse Receptors |
326 |
Iii |
Sense of
Sight—Eye |
328 |
Iv |
Sense of
Hearing—Ear (Vestibulocochlear Apparatus) |
337 |
|
Review Test |
343 |
|
Answers and Explanations |
345 |
|
Comprehensive Examination |
346 |
|
Index |
365 |
|
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